Conference Session

WIED: Faculty and Gender Issues

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharon Patricia Mason, Rochester Institute of Technology; Carol Elizabeth Marchetti, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Margaret B. Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Stefi Alison Baum, Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

andtheir social circles. A recent study of faculty participants at three private large, geographicallydiverse research-intensive universities indicates that female students in the sciences are lesslikely to be hired and are viewed as less competent than their male peers when applying for labmanager positions.24 In a randomized double-blind study, student application materials for a labmanager position were randomly assigned a female or male name. Science faculty fromresearch-intensive universities rated the male applicant as “significantly more competent andhirable than the (identical) female applicant.”24 The faculty reviewers also indicated a higherstarting salary and more career mentoring for the male applicant, and gender of the

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter W. Schilling Jr., Milwaukee School of Engineering; John K. Estell, Ohio Northern University; Khalid S. Al-Olimat P.E., Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Science at Ohio Northern University. He received his MS and PhD degrees in computer science from the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, and his BS in computer science and engineering from The University of Toledo. His areas of research include simplifying the outcomes assessment process, first-year engineering instruction, and the pedagogical aspects of writing computer games. John currently serves as Chair of the Computers in Education Division and was one of the principal authors of the Best Paper Rubric used for determining the Best Overall Conference Paper and Best Professional Interest Council (PIC) Papers for the ASEE Annual Conference. He is a past recipient of Best Paper awards from the Computers in

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Engineering Economy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Weihang Zhu, Lamar University; Alberto Marquez P.E., Lamar University; Julia H. Yoo, Lamar University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

ability and connectivity than a contemporarybasic feature phone. Smartphones run complete operating system software, providing a platformfor application developers. Apple iOS and Google Android are two examples of popularsmartphone platforms. Today, smartphones offer multi-touch screen interfaces featuring manysmall apps with different functions. Some of these small apps are educational applications viaonline market places, such as the Android Play store and the Apple App store. At the time of ourproposal writing in 2010, no suitable apps were available in the stores. Currently there are a fewsimple apps serving as calculators and interest tables. We have developed an app with a muchmore comprehensive coverage that allows students to learn most

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-college Engineering: Research on Teachers' Perceptions, Attitudes and Impacts of Teacher PD

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anastasia Marie Rynearson, Purdue University; Kerrie A Douglas, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

learned that team work and group work is vital. (F,3) Problem Solving I think they learned some problem solving skills. (C,4) To talk about what they’re learning, you know, to write it down and just plan things out and think about it. (D,4) Other They’ve learned simple machines. (B,3) They learned what the engineering process is. (F,3) Types of Engineers That it could be different processes, like with chemical engineers...and manufacturing, you know designing different ways to make things. (A,2) I think they learned what engineers do and that there's lots of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn F. Trenshaw, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Renata A. Revelo Alonso, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Katherine Earl Earl, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

discussed codes for each interview until we agreed unanimously on all codes to reduceindividual variation in perceptions about students’ statements. Second, after theme development,we conducted peer debriefing where we asked two peers with knowledge of the course redesignproject and of relevant qualitative methods who were uninvolved in the study to debrief with uson our themes from the interviews. Through this process, we uncovered any interpretive leaps wemade during theme development and further refined our themes. Third, we carried out memberchecking by sharing a complete draft of the manuscript with the interviewed students and askingwhether it accurately reflected their experiences in the course. All students approved thepresentation of their

Conference Session

Trends in Engineering Education 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Flora P. McMartin, Broad-based Knowledge, LLC; Sarah Holsted, Broad-based Knowledge; Joshua Morrill, Morrill Solutions Research (MSR); Joseph G. Tront, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

educationadministrators, promotion and tenure committees, and faculty colleagues did not value or knowhow to judge the value of the innovative courseware created or authored by these innovativefaculty members. [6, 13] The faculty members who made up the NEEDS community however,envisioned a future where computer-based, electronic teaching and learning materials would playa much more central role in engineering education; [9, 13, 17] and where evaluating the quality ofcourseware would become an essential practice by and for faculty who would use thesematerials. Peer review criteria were developed for the Premier Award and were used in theyearly judging process for the award. They also served as best practice guidelines for facultydeveloping courseware. [7]The

Conference Session

Biological & Agricultural Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Silvia Husted, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Nelly Ramirez-Corona, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Aurelio Lopez-Malo, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas Puebla

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

, peer-, and self-assessments were also performed throughout the course and on final project. Additionally, aSpecific Course Rubric that included technical aspects regarding food product development aswell as abilities of the team to present their product and answering questions raised during oraland poster presentations, and during tasting of developed food products. For this specific rubric,the scale varied from 1 (novice) to 4 (expert).Mean values from Creative Thinking VALUE Rubric assessment of final projects were 2.35 forAcquiring Competencies (attaining strategies and skills within a particular domain), 2.42 forTaking Risks (may include personal risk, fear of embarrassment or rejection, or risk of failure insuccessfully completing

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yakov E. Cherner, ATEL, LLC; Maija M. Kuklja, University of Maryland College Park; Alexander Rudy, Institute of Physics and Technology of RAS, Yaroslavl Branch

Tagged Divisions

Materials

Paper ID #10563Customizable Virtual X-Ray Laboratory: An Innovative Tool for InteractiveOnline Teaching and LearningDr. Yakov E. Cherner, ATEL, LLC Dr. Yakov E. Cherner, a Founder and President of ATEL, LLC, taught science, engineering and technology disciplines to high school, college and university students. He has extensive experience in writing cur- ricula and developing educational software and efficient instructional strategies. Dr. Cherner introduced an innovative concept of multi-layered simulation-based conceptual teaching of science and technology. This instructional approach uses real-world objects, processes and

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tess Anne Hegedus, The University of North Carolina, Greensboro; Heidi B. Carlone, The University of North Carolina, Greensboro; Aundrea D. Carter, University of North Carolina, Greensboro

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Fall 2013. The fourth-grade teachers chose theSolid as a Rock: Replicating an Artifact (see http://www.eie.org/content/rocks) unit with a focuson materials engineering. The fifth-grade teachers chose to implement Now You’re Cooking:Designing Solar Ovens (see http://www.eie.org/content/energy) with a focus on greenengineering. Teachers chose units because they best aligned with district pacing guides andrelevant content standards. During the professional development, teachers engaged in andplanned the EiE units with their grade-level peers and the research team. These collaborationscontinued after the summer session ended through use of a team blog, email collaboration, ateam meeting during the fall semester and a team meeting in Spring 2014

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nikunja Swain P.E., South Carolina State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

integration of students and development of student-faculty bonds. It is expectedthat eight seminars will be held per academic year. Potential seminar topics are: (1) The CSET-STEMProgram, (2) Applying for Graduate School and Financial Aid, (3) Finding a Mentor, (4) Ethics, (5)Public Speaking, (6) Understanding Group Dynamics, (7) Managing Intellectual Property, (8) TimeManagement, and (9) Technical Writing.(b)Graduate School and/or Employment Preparation -- Scholars will be urged to register with the SCState Career Center. This will ensure that they are prepared to connect with graduate schoolrepresentatives and employers.(c)Academic Mentors – Each scholar will choose an academic mentor from a list of available mentors.This list will include faculty

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martin William Weiser, Eastern Washington University; Hani Serhal Saad, Eastern Washington University; Robert E. Gerlick, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

studies presented above show a trend toward longer duration capstone experiences withcorresponding increases in content. There is a great deal of literature with very good discussionson the various content and organization of capstone courses, as well as the drivers involved –ABET, industry needs, evolving engineering specialties, program specialties and needs, etc.There is little research, however, on the implication of capstone duration to its intendedobjectives, and there are contradictions in the findings that are available, as mentioned byGriffin8. For instance, Griffin8 cites a study by Bateson9 that purported students in yearlongclasses outperformed their peers in similar semester-long courses, and going further saying thatthe shorter the

Conference Session

Data Analytics in Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Conrad Tucker, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Barton K. Pursel, The Pennsylvania State University; Anna Divinsky

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. The forums ofMOOCs represent a possible focal point for learners, providing a venue for tens of thousands ofindividuals to share ideas and insights around a common topic. In terms of learner intent, somelearners might be motivated solely by the availability of thousands of peers in a singlecommunity, and have no intentions to complete any of the course assignments. While thisappears to be a plausible reason to enroll in a MOOC, very little is known about how forumswith up to 100,000 students provide value to learners.To date, most research examining MOOC forums focus on the frequency of use and studentresponses to survey questions about the experience of using MOOC forums. One study

Conference Session

Teaching Dynamics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brianno Coller, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

,they may implement it through an interface called the SpuPilot. Below, I provide a briefoverview of the interface so that when I present logs of student work, later in the article, thereader can understand what they are doing. Figure 6. GUI where students write mathematical equations for the thrust signal.One of the windows in the SpuPilot provides a graphical user interface (GUI) where students can Page 24.851.8write mathematical equations for the thrust signal to be sent to the spuCraft. See Figure 6.Variables that students can use to write their equations are: m, the spuCraft mass; mFeet, themass of only the feet of the spuCraft

Conference Session

Socio-cultural Elements of Learning through Service

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kaitlin Litchfield, University of Colorado, Boulder; Amy Javernick-Will, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Cathy Leslie P.E., Engineers Without Borders - USA

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

the analysis. The first was a comparison of EWB-USAmembers and Non-EWB members based on the direct responses about membership. The secondcomparison was run in order to account both for EWB-USA members who did not activelyparticipate with the organization regularly and for engineers who are active in anotherorganization or program similar to EWB-USA. Respondents in the “EWB-like” group are those Page 24.439.5who indicated that they had either limited, moderate, or extensive active participation in EWB-USA or a similar organization. Respondents were required to write in the organization orprogram that they considered similar to EWB

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M.D. B. Sarder, University of Southern Mississippi

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

link" in the learning curve for students becausethey lack the opportunity to benefit from the experience of structured dialogue, interaction withfaculty and peers, and the sense of community that can be created in a traditional on-siteclassroom environment. As Berge states, "…learning involves two types of interaction:interaction with content and interpersonal interaction (i.e., interaction with other people)" (p.22[10]). Kearsley and Lynch contend that online courses must adopt a pedagogical frameworkmore closely aligned with social learning theory for students to maximize the benefits of onlineinstruction [6].Online education has been gaining popularity for the last two decades. It has expandeddramatically since the 1990s and continued

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Reeping, Ohio Northern University; Kenneth Reid, Ohio Northern University; John K. Estell, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

the Herbert F. Alter Chair of Engineering in 2010. His research interests include success in first-year engineering, introducing entrepreneurship into engineering, international service and engineering in K- 12.Dr. John K. Estell, Ohio Northern University John K. Estell is a Professor of Computer Engineering and Computer Science at Ohio Northern University. He received his MS and PhD degrees in computer science from the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, and his BS in computer science and engineering from The University of Toledo. His areas of research include simplifying the outcomes assessment process, first-year engineering instruction, and the pedagogical aspects of writing computer games. John

Conference Session

Teaching Statics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devin R. Berg, University of Wisconsin - Stout

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

and potentially improves course performance 6,7 . While the literature on the use of of Twitterin the classroom is emerging, recent studies have found the platform functional for promotingconcise expression of ideas, critical reading and writing skills, stronger student-teacherrelationships, self-learning in an informal environment, and accountability among other benefits.Conversely, using Twitter in the classroom has potential disadvantages such as distracting Page 24.550.3content, overly constraining character limitations, and privacy concerns 8 . Each of these itemsmust be considered when assessing the use of Twitter in the classroom and

Conference Session

Innovative Techniques in Structural Engineering Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey A. Laman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

devices to accomplish the desired learning isan important consideration that needs to be evaluated.The present study evaluates the effectiveness of pencasts for civil engineering students in astructural engineering focus. Pencast files can be archived for students in a number of formatson a variety of electronic platforms for viewing on a range of devices. The pencast filesdeveloped by the authors are most commonly distributed as a “talking PDF” that is essentially avideo of electronic paper pages capturing an instructor’s writing and voice.Students focusing in structural engineering typically enter a capstone with prerequisites ofstructural analysis, concrete structure design, steel structure design, and some experience withfoundation design

Conference Session

WIED: Faculty and Gender Issues

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl Cass, North Carolina State University; Lisa G. Bullard, North Carolina State University; Anita R. Vila-Parrish, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

editorial board for Chemical Engineering Education and serves a Director of the Chemical Engineering Division of ASEE. She will be a co-author, along with Dr. Richard Felder and Dr. Ronald Rousseau, of the 4th edition of Chemical Process Principles. Dr. Bullard’s research interests lie in the area of educational scholarship, including teaching and advising effectiveness, academic integrity, process design instruction, and the integration of writing, speaking, and computing within the curriculum.Dr. Anita R. Vila-Parrish, North Carolina State University Dr. Anita Vila-Parrish is the Director of Undergraduate Programs and Teaching Assistant Professor in the Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lea Marie Eaton, Stanford University; Sheri D. Sheppard, Stanford University; Helen L. Chen, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

different ways of working (with peers, attending office hours, seeking help on the internet, etc.) and asked students how often they did each of them, how often they felt each was necessary to complete the homework, and how effective the methods are for their learning process. Page 24.1133.4   IMAGE CAPTURE OF SECTION 2, PART B OF SURVEY   Figure 1. Section 2 part b question visual, where students were asked to rate the nine categories.This analysis will be taking a mixed methods approach where we will combine findings from bothquantitative and qualitative data to draw

Conference Session

WIED: Strategies Beyond the Classroom

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kerry Meyers, Youngstown State University; Leo H. McWilliams, University of Notre Dame; Catherine F. Pieronek, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

level ofpersonal and social development may exist because engineering students believe that the narrowfocus of engineering education on technical content has limited their opportunities for broaderpersonal development4. Other studies have provided evidence to support this contention.Smith and associates agreed that all engineering students throughout their undergraduateeducation require professional skill development in terms of talking through and listening toideas with peers, knowing how to build trust in a working relationship, and leadership of groupefforts5. Felder and Brent studied differences in terms of learning style, approaches to learning,and intellectual development throughout the entire college experience beyond academics

Conference Session

Best of DEED

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eli M. Silk, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Kathryn Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University; Seda Yilmaz, Iowa State University; Meisha Nicole Berg, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, as well as industrial representatives, military leaders, and corporate consultants.Dr. Seda Yilmaz, Iowa State University Dr. Yilmaz is an Assistant Professor of Industrial Design who teaches design studios and lecture courses on developing creativity and research skills. For her research, she investigates design approaches and ideation, ethnography in design, foundations of innovation, creative processes, and cross-disciplinary design team dynamics. She is the author of more than 20 peer-reviewed journals and conference proceed- ings. She also serves on review, advisory, and scientific boards of various journals and conferences. Her current research focuses on identifying impacts of different factors on ideation of

Conference Session

Diversity in K-12 and Pre-college Engineering Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessica M. Scolnic, Tufts University Center for Engineering Education and Outreach; Kathleen Spencer, Tufts University; Merredith D. Portsmore, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Research Associate at the Center for Engineering Education and Outreach at Tufts University. Her area of expertise is reading and writing instruction, particularly in the content areas and in project-based learning contexts. Her current research focuses on the effects of text-based engineering units on reading comprehension and oral argumentation. She is particularly interested in how interactive, hand-on learning environments can support literacy development among students with reading disabilities.Dr. Merredith D Portsmore, Tufts University Page 24.1358.1 c American Society for

Conference Session

Construction Education Topics in Architectural Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yutaka Sho, Syracuse University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

, a photographer and a poet respectively, originally created to give voices to inner cityimmigrant students in upstate New York. While drawing and writing may intimidate students,the ease of pressing the button on the camera and composing grammar-free text liberated them.Rwandan students’ work shows their homes, families and domestic objects; students embracedand reflected on the nature of their living spaces, and how they negotiated the ideal developmentmodel with the West. The exercise was followed by theory readings mostly from the West aboutspatial relationships such as corridors to rooms, details to whole, and private and public. 7Western architectural theory, although ignorant of Rwandan realities, helped frame ourdiscussions about what

Conference Session

Computer Hardware

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ying Yu, University of Hartford; Krista M Hill, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

verification, and teaching with new educational methods, including peer instruction, personal response systems, video games, and state- of-the-art CAD tools.Dr. Krista M Hill, University of Hartford Dr. Krista M. Hill is an associate professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Hartford in Connecticut. PhD and MSEE from Worcester Polytechnic Inst. in Worcester MA, and previ- ously a project engineer at Digital Equipment Corp. She instructs graduate and undergraduate computer engineering computer courses, directs graduate research, and performs research involving embedded mi- croprocessor based systems. Her current projects involve small system design, signal processing, and intelligent

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven M. Yalisove, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Materials

morphological changes to increase surface of an interface as well as using still higher fluence to induce shock waves for mechanical bonding. Steven has also been very interested in educational pedagogies since 1996 when he was the first person at UM to use clickers. He was also the first person at UM to reject clickers. Almost 20 years later, he has, once again, embraced clicker technology now that he has eliminated lectures and has time in class for peer instruction.Dr. Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan Page 24.469.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014

Conference Session

Flipping ECE Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Dianna L. Newman, University at Albany/SUNY; Meghan Morris Deyoe, University at Albany, SUNY

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

66 24 task. Completing the 0 0 0 0 96 4 lab write-ups.*Numbers represent the percent of students who selected the decision-maker for each activity on the post-survey N=68.Student data indicated that the majority of decisions pertaining to group work were made as acollaborative group. Only the overall content of the lab assignment, including what the finalproduct was and what was to be handed in to the instructor, was decided by the instructor. As agroup, the students assumed all decisions for activities (e.g., establishing goals for theirassignments, figuring out how to divide the tasks, documenting the progress

Conference Session

A Focus on Non-Traditional Students and Non-Traditional Course Delivery Methods

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Armineh Noravian, San Francisco State University; Patricia Irvine, San Francisco State University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

-baccalaureate preparation has drawn close attention. Women, racial/ethnicminorities, and low income students are well-represented in communitycolleges, but only a small number of these populations graduate withassociate’s degrees in engineering and engineering technologies. Researchhas shown that an interest in engineering as a career impacts persistence.Yet women and other underrepresented students are less likely than theirwhite male peers to have been socialized to do hands-on activities orencouraged to use toys, tools, or gadgets that might promote their interest inengineering. First generation and low income community college students areunderrepresented in engineering because they face barriers to entering andcompleting an engineering

Conference Session

Construction Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suat Gunhan, University of Texas, San Antonio; Jing Du, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Construction

papers are presented by the lecturer. The following week, the students present a peerreviewed paper on a topic that was covered the week before by the lecturer. In addition, thestudents choose one particular topic and prepare a research paper. Throughout the semester theybecome familiar with research papers in advanced construction management, discussion is madeboth on the topic and the structure of the peer reviewed publications. The term project gives themthe opportunity to make a research in one of those topics and write a technical paper. This way, thecourse helps them to build writing skills especially towards their Master of Science thesis. Thispaper presents a term project example showing how this is accomplished.The topic includes the

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment in ME

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott L. Post, Bradley University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

implemented in a junior-level fluid mechanics course thatincluded both lecture and laboratory components. A total of nine learning objectives werespecified for the course. These learning objectives are: calculate fluid thrust forces, calculateaerodynamic forces, solve pipe flow problems, select a pump for a system, select a flowmeter fora system, write a computer program to solve transient fluids problems, write a professionalquality lab report, acquire and analyze laboratory data, and be a valuable member of team thatsuccessfully completes a project. The learning objectives can be mapped to ABET studentoutcomes. In this implementation of Standards-Based Grading, all assessments are done on apass-fail basis. That is to say, there is no partial credit