Conference Session

General Topics in Graduate Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Basha, University of the Pacific; Luke S. Lee, University of the Pacific

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

AC 2012-5107: SENSORS AND STRUCTURES: OUTCOMES FROM APROJECT-BASED MULTI-DISCIPLINARY GRADUATE COURSEProf. Elizabeth Basha, University of the PacificProf. Luke S. Lee, University of the Pacific Page 25.1155.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Sensors and Structures: Outcomes from a Project-Based MultiDisciplinary Graduate CourseAbstractThe goal of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of a project-based, multidisciplinary course ina small engineering program with BS and MS students. At engineering programs withoutdoctoral degrees, limited faculty resources and small

Conference Session

Methods, Techniques, and New Programs in Graduate Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer H. Gross, Lehigh University; Donna M. Mohr, Lehigh University; Stephen Pessiki, Lehigh University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

executive advisory board, composed of representatives fromall areas of the building design and construction profession.The hallmark of the 30-credit, 10-month program is a 9-credit, 3-course design project sequencein which student teams design a real-world structure from initial concept to final constructiondocuments. An individual project assignment, as well as technical elective courses, allowsstudents to tailor the program to their unique interests and career goals. A laboratory classprovides hands-on learning of structural behavior. Interaction with industry leaders throughseminars, field trips, and externships provides students ample opportunity to network withprofessionals and gain an understanding of their chosen industry.Assessments were

Conference Session

Graduate Education in ETD

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sai Bhanu Prasad Chennupati, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Chad M. Laux, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kathryne Newton, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kelly A. McFall

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology, Graduate Studies

anddisciplined methodology for defining, measuring, analyzing, improving, and controlling aprocess12. Six Sigma may also be defined as the philosophy of statistical changes attacking Page 25.1015.5variations continuously in a process/product focusing on the dedication of improvement. SixSigma is a statistical and philosophical approach to achieve/improve the qualityspecifications for a process/product in an organization. As the definition and the inherentobjective indicates, achieving 3.4 defects per million, requires creativity and innovation in alarge scale. Organizations use two project methodologies to reduce variations, including amethodology based

Conference Session

Research and Graduate Studies

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexandra Coso Strong, Georgia Institute of Technology; Rachel A. Louis, Virginia Tech; Jeremi S. London, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ida B. Ngambeki, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brook Sattler, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

collaborative research, they largely did not do sobecause of a lack of time, support, and concerns regarding conflict with potential collaborators.Suggestions to promote collaborative research among graduate students include providingspecific venues online and at conferences to encourage inter-student interaction and facilitatecollaborative work.IntroductionResearchers participate in collaborative projects to promote innovation,1 share resources andknowledge,2,3 and develop new products.4 Collaborations also provide researchers with theopportunity to learn through cooperation.2,5 For a given project, the collaboration may becomposed of researchers within the same discipline at the same institution, researchers acrossdisciplines at the same institutions

Conference Session

General Topics in Graduate Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allan W. Bjerkaas, Johns Hopkins University; Mary L. Fletcher, Johns Hopkins University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

concentrations thatrequire one or more of the courses that use the simulation approach: OrganizationalManagement, Project Management, Project/Organization Management, Technical InnovationManagement, and Quality Management. The simulation approach courses are also electives forthe Master of Science in Systems Engineering.Project ManagementThe first course in which the student encounters this simulation is entitled Introduction to ProjectManagement. In this course, the students learn about planning, organizing, and monitoring aproject. The scenarios involve the sequences of activities involved in bringing a new project intoAVI. Each student takes on the role of the manager of this new project and learns about all theactivities and interactions with others

Conference Session

Professional Aspects of Graduate Engineering Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joy Watson, University of South Carolina; Jed S. Lyons, University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program (IGERT) to be a catalystin educating future research engineers with the skills needed in an interdisciplinarybackground14. In one IGERT program, an engineering doctoral student is paired with a master’sof business administration student and two law students to study the commercialization potential,technology transfer, legal protecting and marketing issues of the engineering doctoral students’ Page 25.860.2research project. This program creates a greater awareness of the value of engineering students’research, develops their understanding of how to sell research ideas to industry, and

Conference Session

Training and Mentoring of Graduate Teaching Assistants

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

AC 2012-3934: USING PEER TEACHING OBSERVATIONS TO GIVE FEED-BACK TO GRADUATE TEACHING INSTRUCTORSMs. Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Mary Lynn Brannon is an Instructional Support Specialist and instructor of the Graduate Teaching Assis- tants Seminar at the Leonhard Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Education, College of Engi- neering, Penn State University. She has a master’s of arts degree in education and human development specializing in educational technology leadership. Her work focuses on projects that measure and assess student perceptions of learning related to their experiences with engineering course innovations. She has worked extensively in the design of

Conference Session

Graduate Education in ETD

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Enrique Barbieri, University of North Texas; Vassilios Tzouanas, University of Houston, Downtown

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology, Graduate Studies

profession; and (iii) thephilosophy of research in ETEC. Although examples may be drawn from any ETEC area, thepresentation centers around the requirements of an M.S. in ETEC – Systems Control Technologyusing a graduate level course in modern control systems to discuss pre-requisites, mathematicsdepth, the typical requirements and specifications language used in the design of a moderncontrol system, the tools and techniques needed to solve the problem, and the fulfilledexpectations regarding the philosophy of research in ETEC. Two recent Project and Thesisexamples in the SCT track are also highlighted to illustrate program results. Ultimately, ETECprograms at the undergraduate and graduate levels continue to play a critical role in increasingthe

Conference Session

Research and Graduate Studies

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Andrew Janeski, Virginia Tech; Erin Crede, Virginia Tech; Maura J. Borrego, Virginia Tech; Chris Venters, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

complete their degrees8.Within this structure, graduate engineering education is highly individualized and can be greatlyinfluenced by a student’s relationship with his or her advisor. In engineering education, we often Page 25.356.2lament that faculty receive little to no training in pedagogy and tend to fall back on their ownexperiences. This is doubly true in the case of graduate advising and mentoring.The workshop we report on is part of a larger research project focused on understanding andimproving the experiences of engineering graduate students in research groups. Funded by aNational Science Foundation grant, the workshop was intended as a

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students - Diversity and Assessment

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aidsa I. Santiago-Román, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez; Pedro O. Quintero, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez; Guillermo J. Serrano, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Minorities in Engineering

researchers, especiallythose from groups that are underrepresented in the engineering population. The College ofEngineering at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus (UPRM) has an enrollment ofabout 5000 students (approximately 98% are Hispanic), 67% males and 33% females. Becauseof this, UPRM researchers have an excellent opportunity to impact both Hispanics and women,who are traditionally underrepresented populations in engineering.Currently, there are three active research endeavors funded through the BRIGE program atUPRM. The objective of this paper is to disseminate the broadening participation initiatives thathave been designed and implemented at UPRM through these projects. The first project seeks toprovide research experience to

Conference Session

Methods, Techniques, and New Programs in Graduate Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael G. Jenkins P.E., California State University, Fresno; Walter V. Loscutoff, California State University, Fresno; Thomas Nguyen

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Engineering as well as Former As- sociate Dean of Engineering at California State University, Fresno. Loscutoff received his B.S.M.E., M.S.A.E., and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkley. He worked at Flow Industries, Inc., as Executive Vice President & COO of Flow Research, Inc..; Vice President & General Manager of Flow- Dril Corporation; Manager of Research & Technology Division, at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory through Battelle Memorial Institute; Associate; and Project Manager; Program Manager, Section Man- ager and Rocketdyne: Research Engineer. He was also Assistant Professor at University of California, Davis, and Adjunct Associate Professor at Washington State University before

Conference Session

Educating Students for Professional Success

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joy Watson, University of South Carolina; Jed S. Lyons, University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

thought that doctoralprograms would well prepare them to design experiments, communicate in writing, givepresentations, review literature, write peer reviewed papers, write reports, learn independentlyand work independently. Over 40% of the undergraduate respondents believed that doctoralprograms would prepare them well in the following areas: innovation, finding problems, designcomputational studies, follow environmental regulations, work across disciplines, createproposals, work in teams and manage multiple projects. Approximately 12% of undergraduateparticipants felt that doctoral programs would not prepare them for marketing products/processesand identifying customer needs, but most participants indicated some degree of preparation inthese

Conference Session

Exploration of Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joy L. Colwell, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

anticipated to rise 13% from 2009 to 2020, based on projectionsfrom the NCES’ “Projections of Education Statistics Through 2020” cited above. The Councilof Graduate Schools (CGS) also projects that graduate enrollments will increase as well (seediscussion below). The CGS Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2000 to 2010provides information based on 655 responding institutions, receiving nearly 1.77 millionapplicants for admission to graduate programs.5Enrollments v. Long Term Projections for GrowthRecently, there has been a slight decline in graduate enrollments. The CGS reports that theenrollments for new students in US graduate schools declined for the first time in seven years forfall of 2010.6 Enrollment s fell by 1.1%, despite having

Conference Session

Research and Graduate Studies

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University; Korine Steinke Wawrzynski, Michigann State University; Rachel Mangiavellano, Michigan State University; Evan McCune, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

their skills in design and hypothesis construction, and improve their abilityto collect and analyze data.9–12 Working on their projects also helps students to improveorganizational and time management skills, enhance written and oral communication abilities,learn how to work productively on a team, and develop their ability to tolerate and navigateobstacles.9–12 Finally, students who participate in an undergraduate research experience oftengain greater clarification or confirmation regarding graduate school or career plans,1,2,9,13–15as they learn about career possibilities and expectations of a particular discipline. While allstudents can benefit from such a learning experience, underrepresented student populationsexhibit greater learning

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experience

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Cutler, Virginia Tech; Walter Curtis Lee Jr., Virginia Tech; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Student

AC 2012-5183: EASING INTO ENGINEERING EDUCATION: AN ORIEN-TATION PROGRAM FOR GRADUATE STUDENTSStephanie Cutler, Virginia TechWalter Curtis Lee Jr., Virginia Tech Walter Lee is a Graduate Assistant and doctoral student in engineering education at Virginia Tech. His pri- mary research interests focus on diversity and student retention. He earned a B.S. in industrial engineering from Clemson University.Dr. Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech Lisa McNair is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. Her research includes interdisciplinary collaboration, communication studies, identity theory, and reflective practice. Projects supported by the National Science Foundation include

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students - Diversity and Assessment

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sylvanus N. Wosu, University of Pittsburgh; Devdas M. Pai, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Minorities in Engineering

improve graduateengineering education through multi-campus approach. A summary of the diversity portion ofthe ERC’s strategic plan and progress in the past three years in relation to the milestones for“High Quality Diversity Effort” is highlighted. The key performance indicators show that ERCthrough its partnering institutions is making measurable impact in capacity building for a STEMworkforce as seen in the broad involvement of underrepresented minority students and faculty incenter activities. Project CARE was used as case example of college transition program that wasimplemented based on the proposed model activities. The results show that Project CAREcontributed to 86% educational growth and performance improvement among URM studentswho

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students - Diversity and Assessment

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miguel Pando P.E., University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Luis E. Suarez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez; Adrian Rodriguez-Marek, Virginia Tech; Sandra Loree Dika, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Domniki Asimaki, Georgia Institute of Technology; Brady R. Cox, University of Arkansas; Joseph Wartman, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Minorities in Engineering

inequity mentioned above, a BDP program is proposed to help increasethe size and diversity of the graduate student population. The BDP program described herein wasinitially proposed as part of an NSF research project funded within the Network for EarthquakeEngineering Simulation (NEES) program, but it can be applied as a model for any multi-institutional research proposal. The proposed BDP model, based on the participants of the NSFproposal, is shown schematically in Figure 2. As shown in this figure, the proposed BDP iscentered around the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez (UPRM), a predominantly Latinoinstitution, and involves connecting the Latino students from UPRM with academic institutionsin mainland USA which in this case are the ones

Conference Session

Research and Graduate Studies

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne W. Walter, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

, this never happened due to job and family responsibilities.It became apparent that once the student stepped off campus, the probability of finishing theirthesis went to almost zero. As a result, resources allocated to their projects were wasted, andsome funded projects were put at risk. The graduate program was restructured by the newdepartment head to offer a non-thesis option Master of Engineeering (MEng) program for themajority of students in a dual-degree BS/MEng program (and MEng format for those whoalready were BS graduates), and a thesis option for a minority of students in a research-basedBS/MS program (and MS form for those who already were BS graduates). Precious resourcesthat were previously spread thinly over the entire graduate

Conference Session

Professional Aspects of Graduate Engineering Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jiabin Zhu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jeremi S. London, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Benjamin Ahn, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ana T. Torres-Ayala, University of South Florida; Kavitha D. Ramane, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

having hands-on experiences and developingpractical skills such as project management or finance analysis skills. Similar to the academia-only group, the participants from the industry-only group also emphasized the importance ofestablishing working mentoring relationships between students and their advisors. Participantsfrom industry highlight the importance of obtaining critical feedback from peers either onresearch ideas or presentation skills. They also stressed the importance of encouraging studentsto present regularly at different venues, to interact with people beyond their traditional researchcircles, and to attend professional conferences.The key points in their recommendations to engineering graduate education relate to anintroduction

Conference Session

Training and Mentoring of Graduate Teaching Assistants

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faizal Karim; Saloome Motavas, University of British Columbia; Deborah Esther Feduik, University of British Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

activities with the expectation they wouldincrease engagement during the sessions and enforce learning of the skills to be taken away forfuture use. Physical resources included the room set-up, iClickers™, flip-charts, flash-cards,scratch cards, a quiz and a final survey.2.1.1 Room SetupTables seating a maximum of five participants were arranged in a staggered or “V” pattern suchthat no person had his vision obscured for the front or sides of the room (Appendix C - FigureC1). The front of the room was used for projection of the questions and the sides for posting theflip-chart results (see Appendix C – Figure C3). This gave everyone full access to the content asit was presented and encouraged a higher level of contribution.2.1.2 iClickersThe

Conference Session

Educating Students for Professional Success

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diane L. Peters P.E., LMS International; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

community overall, and to improve the planet earth.In contrast, while Danielle took a leave of absence and planned to return to her current employer,the impact of the credential was the primary way in which her career would be enhanced by adoctorate. She was working on research projects that interested her prior to beginning herdoctorate, but without the degree, she was unable to be the Principal Investigator (PI) on herprojects. Now what I find is that unless I have a PhD you cannot own your own funding, no matter how many papers you’ve written… So you have to have a PhDBy getting a doctorate, she would be able be a PI on her projects, define their direction, and exerta greater degree of control.Harald, unlike Catherine and

Conference Session

Exploration of Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cyndi Lynch, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jiabin Zhu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

statements), and a conceptual frameworkwith strategies that facilitate the transition from graduate student to assistant professor. Thispaper discusses the formative and summative assessment that occurs throughout the course inrelation to the three missions of research, teaching, and service. Project SignificanceDoctoral education has received many criticisms including time-to-degree, completion rates, andthat doctoral students are not prepared for career opportunities within the academy1-4. A majorconcern is that doctoral students are not prepared for and lack understanding of the varioushigher education institutional types and missions2. Faculty roles and responsibilities vary basedon institution type such as community college, liberal arts, or a

Conference Session

Research and Graduate Studies

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brook Sattler, University of Washington; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Lauren D. Thomas, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

calls help me feel connected tothe field by hearing about others’ projects, papers, and degree progress. As a student in anengineering education department, it is easy to become absorbed in a single view of the field; thepeer group assists in maintaining a broad view of engineering education research. Beyondbuilding connections, other valuable aspects of the program are accountability and peer review.Discussing research, teaching, service, and personal goals are often items that do not combine inother spaces. The peer-mentoring group has helped me set clear proximal goals as a developingprofessional. Our group reminds and motivates me to focus on the goals that can be overlookedand celebrate their achievement. Our group uses peer review to have

Conference Session

Graduate Education in ETD

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell L. Springer P.M.P., S.P.H.R., Purdue University, West Lafayette; Gary R. Bertoline, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology, Graduate Studies

many university and community boards and advisory committees. Springer is internationally recognized, has authored numer- ous books and articles, and has lectured on software development methodologies, management practices, and program management. Springer received his bachelor’s of science in computer science from Purdue University, and his M.B.A. and doctorate in adult and community education with a cognate in executive development from Ball State University. He is certified as both a Project Management Professional (PMP) and a Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR).Dr. Gary R. Bertoline, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Conference Session

Training and Mentoring of Graduate Teaching Assistants

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raslinda Ghazali, Purdue University; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

students to develop team, communication,ethical reasoning, and societal and global contextual analysis skills. Therefore it issuggested that engineering schools focus more on outcome-based approaches bypromoting flexibility and creativity in student projects.2 In some ways, theserecommendations denote a growing emphasis on design and open-ended problem solvingas opposed to the traditional close-ended problems.To respond to these recommendations, it is crucial to prepare engineering GTAs toperform effectively in new and challenging learning environments. Since training isconsidered an important part of the GTA experience, it would be very beneficial tounderstand the training needs that can contribute to GTAs’ professional growth.Generally, there

Conference Session

Exploration of Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell L. Springer PMP, SPHR, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Erin E. Bowen, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mark T. Schuver, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

committees. Springer is internationally recognized, has authored nu- merous books and articles, and lectured on software development methodologies, management practices and program management. Springer received his bachelor’s of science in computer science from Purdue University, his M.B.A. and doctorate in adult and community education with a cognate in executive de- velopment from Ball State University. He is certified as both a Project Management Professional (PMP) and a Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR).Dr. Michael J. Dyrenfurth, Purdue University, West Lafayette Michael J. Dyrenfurth is a professor of industrial technology in the College of Technology at Purdue University. He is a member of the ASEE and

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experience

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kacie Caple D'Alessandro, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Student

for this course, all workshop leaders and instructorswere given a tutorial on using DyKnowTM in the classroom to interact with students virtually.Using DyKnowTM, I was able to receive instant feedback from students on their level ofunderstanding, poll students for answers to multiple choice questions, collect student work, anddisplay student work as a teaching aid during class. Although common notes were prepared forthe course, instructors were given the freedom to alter the course notes or integrate relevantexamples from their own work, as long as they maintain the integrity of the notes for thestudents. I decided to take advantage of this opportunity to integrate several of my own personalexamples from past projects and research.In spring

Conference Session

Methods, Techniques, and New Programs in Graduate Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert M. Brooks, Temple University; Jyothsna Kavuturu; Mehmet Cetin, Temple University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

20 20 2. Attendance and class 10 10 participation 30 25 3. Mid-term examination 40 30 4.Final Examination 15 5. Case studies 100 100 Total Page 25.193.13Table 2: Suggested linkage of ethics related topics to various coursesCourse title Ethics related topicsConstruction Planning and Project Public opinion, whistle blowingimplementation

Conference Session

General Topics in Graduate Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Pariyothorn, Texas A&M University; Robin L. Autenrieth, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

by contributing to ongoing faculty research projects or pursuing anindependent research topic. More than 555 participants have completed the USRG program sincethe summer of 2000.The objectives of the program are to: 1) provide immersive research experience(s) forengineering undergraduates; 2) increase participant’s interest in pursuing graduate studies withan emphasis on the Ph.D. program; 3) increase participant’s awareness of the graduate schoolexperience; 4) provide an outlet to enhance participant’s writing and communications skills; 5)increase participant’s understanding of the graduate school application process for admissionsand fellowships; and subsequently, 6) position participants to be more competitive for graduateadmissions and

Conference Session

Educating Students for Professional Success

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ana T. Torres-Ayala, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

situation where those expectations are not met have colored my view on trying to make things in the classroom more transparent: like what’s the motivation, or the learning objective, or why things are setup in the way they are. (Lee)For these future educators, making explicit the learning objectives of their classes as well as thefuture use of what is being learned are important strategies to motivate students and part of theirteaching responsibilities.As previously mentioned, participants were also concerned about the negative impact boring oroverly complex courses may have on students. Several participants described the use ofinteresting examples or projects to draw in student interest. I use real case studies. I use - I