Conference Session

Middle School Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard H. Crawford, University of Texas, Austin; Christina Kay White, University of Texas, Austin; Chandra L. Muller, University of Texas, Austin; Anthony J. Petrosino Jr., University of Texas, Austin ; Austin B. Talley P.E., University of Texas, Austin ; Kristin L. Wood, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

subject to participants through everyday examples, thereby providing opportunities for participants to identify science, mathematics, and engineering principles at work in their lives. 2. Interactive Discussion of the principles illustrated by the technology examples, which generates rich discourse concerning the underlying science and mathematics concepts. 3. Exploratory Laboratories that allow participants to investigate and test engineering principles in an inquiring manner, a crucial step in learning to solve design problems. 4. Open-Ended Design Problems that feature ideation, prototyping, and testing, allowing the participants to apply engineering content and problem solving skills. 5. Reflection in

Conference Session

Best of the NEE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laurie S. Garton, Texas Engineering Experiment Station

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

language must be apparent to reviewers as they read the researcher’s proposal.Proposing something of no interest to a funder in terms that they do not support can doom anotherwise great idea. The mission and strategic plan of a group are usually published on theirweb site (such as, NSF5, NIH6, DoE7, EPA8). This information provides the basis for how theagency approaches research and is reflected in their proposal review criteria (see Review Processsection for more details). Most program solicitations are written with specific terminology andinclude cited references to describe the program.Send the proposal to the right program within an agency. The NSF has nine directorates (NSFhomepage9), each with multiple divisions and multiple programs within

Conference Session

Research Informing Teaching Practice II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Flora P. McMartin, Broad-based Knowledge, LLC; Joseph G. Tront, Virginia Tech; Sarah Giersch, Broad-based Knowledge, LLC

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

positions. Otherinterviewees are at an early- to mid-career stage because at the time of the award, they weregraduate students members of the development teams. Even as graduate students, they often ledthe development and research associated with the courseware.One emerging pattern reflects how the award has been used to shape an awardees' career. A Page 25.698.7number of interviewees suggested that for them, the award represented “outside” confirmation oftheir teaching ability. The award also gave them what we have come to call: ‘street cred’,meaning that their work had been deemed credible by experts in their field

Conference Session

The Designer of 2020: Innovations in Teaching Design

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew W. Roberts P.E., University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Michael K. Thompson, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Philip J. Parker P.E., University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Barb A. Barnet, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

“horizontal integration with non-engineering disciplines” (two of the issues we faced) aschallenges faced in multidisciplinary environments for which limited information is to be foundin the literature.7We believe there are three main reasons that the multidisciplinary teams did not function at thelevel we had envisioned. First, there is not equal inducement to both sets of students, since onegroup is approaching this course as a general education class and the other group is approachingit as a class in their major. Consequently, this creates a difference in attitude and hence per-ceived importance for these projects. There are very different incentives for each group of stu-dents. The difference in perceived importance was also reflected in the

Conference Session

FPD VI: Presenting "All the Best" of the First-year Programs Division

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Scott Moor, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

use writing with in various courses throughout the curriculum. Theseefforts have included short informal Writing-to-Learn assignments where students reflect on thematerial covered in journals, logs or short essays. They have also included longer Writing-in-the-Disciplines approaches such as this case of design reports where students are specificallylearning the writing conventions of their particular discipline.3Elbow4 argues that it is often particularly helpful to assign low-stakes writing, using assignmentswhere the level of critique and the grading weight are low. He notes that “Writing feels like aninherently high stakes activity.”4 The particular assignment sequence presented here allows thistype of lower stakes writing to take

Conference Session

The Role of Engineering in Integrated STEM--uh STEAM--uh Education!

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bettina J. Casad, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Mariappan Jawaharlal, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

guided discovery approach posits that any subject can be taught effectively in someintellectually honest form to any child at any stage of development. A constructivist approach tolearning and teaching is based on the notion that learners construct their own knowledge ratherthan knowledge being transferred into learners‟ brains.8-10 Learners‟ construction of knowledgeis based on their past knowledge, the timeliness of new knowledge, and the learner‟s ability tounderstand the connections. This process forces learners to either modify existing knowledge ordevelop new knowledge. Learning experiences based on constructivism are reflected in popularinstructional strategies such as inquiry based learning11-12, problem based learning (PBL) 13-14

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Aidsa I. Santiago-Román, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Genock Portela-Gauthier, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Rosaurelis Marín Ramírez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez; Paola Pacheco Roldan, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

. Retrospective interviewing will occur immediately after the think-aloud to help participants reflect on and verbalize their thought processes during the think-aloud, drawing from both long-term and short-term memory (e.g., “Describe the process you used to think about the case”). In addition, interviews will include questions to clarify comments participants made during the process and to explicate how knowledge and experiences were used. Transcriptions will be examined using a constant comparison methodA3, with specific attention given to participants’ references to prior knowledge and experiences. Initially, each researcher will conduct an analysis of a single transcription, looking for evidence

Conference Session

Faculty Career Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenna P. Carpenter, Louisiana Tech University; D. Patrick O'Neal, Louisiana Tech University; Lori L. Bakken, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

an opportunity to get their food, get settled, and socialize/network with other attendees. Thelast half of the session is used to give a presentation on a professional development topic(leadership, communication, time management, lab management, worklife balance, negotiation,networking) or gender issue (stereotype threat, student-incivility, implicit bias). Presentationsinclude hands-on activities, such as surveys, and Q&A, where participants are encouraged tocontribute, share, and reflect. All presentations are posted on the program website. Additionalinformation is available from resources in the Office for Women in Engineering Library (alsocatalogued on the program website) which participants can check out for free. A

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

K. Joseph Hass, Bucknell University; Juliana Su, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

breadboard power is supplied from the Olimex board, which inturn is powered by the J-Link adapter.Course MaterialsA common problem in all engineering courses is providing instructional materials that reflect thecurrent state-of-the-art. A variety of textbooks are available that present the Freescale 9S12, Intel8051, or Microchip PIC microcontrollers. While not written as textbooks, there are also quite afew introductory and tutorial books for the Arduino platform. However, to our knowledge thereare no textbooks for university courses that use the Cortex-M architecture as a modelmicrocontroller. For the first offering of the updated microcontroller course we required studentsto purchase Yiu’s book on the Cortex-M3, which was written as a general

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcus L. Roberts, U.S. Air Force Academy; Randall Deppensmith, U.S. Air Force Academy; Ryan Jay Silva, U.S. Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

technique may actually be the correct one to engagestudent learning. However, for most classes of this generation, those presentations may notpromote student learning and may be an ineffective use of instructor time. In fact, if this is thesole teaching method, why not just have the students read the presentation as a second text? Alearning-based method of teaching allows time for questions, discussions, and moments of pauseand reflection, not just presentation. At a minimum, these tools should be used sparingly andthey should only guide the discussion vice present the lesson word-for-word. Each instructor willscope their lesson differently, but we are certain that is an example of not properly scoping thelesson plan.Observation #4: Spoon-feeding

Conference Session

FPD VI: Presenting "All the Best" of the First-year Programs Division

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christa R. James-Byrnes, University of Wisconsin, Barron County; Mark H. Holdhusen, University of Wisconsin, Marathon County

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

experiencesand successes as the students in the traditional face-to-face section. Several assessments wereused to determine this. One assessment was a quantitative analysis comparing the grades of each Page 25.1002.8section. Also, two surveys were created for the students to take and reflect on their work on theprojects and the course. The first survey was given after the first design project and focused onteamwork on the project. The second survey was conducted at the end of the course focused onboth the final project as well as the course as a whole. Another assessment was an analysis ofhow students utilized the engineer interview videos for each

Conference Session

The Teacher as Manager: Best Practices for Culminating Design Experiences

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James B Guthrie P.E., California Polytechnic State University; Allen C. Estes, California Polytechnic State University; Jill Nelson P.E., California Polytechnic State University; Brent Nuttall P.E., California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

integrated building design, has received moreattention in the instruction and the assessments show that the course has been verysuccessful in meeting this goal. The large and small lectures, described in the previoussection are typically on technical topics and the students incorporate this material in theirprojects. In addition, as is seen in the Grading section of this paper, the majority of thegrading reflects the building design and construction.The second learning objective, function effectively on an interdisciplinary team, has beenaddressed to a lesser extent. A lecture on personality types and the consideration ofpersonality types in the formation of student teams provided some basis for discussionson teamwork. Some quarters have

Conference Session

Active Learning and Demonstrations in Materials Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam J. Kardos, University of Colorado, Denver; Stephan A. Durham, University of Colorado, Denver; Wesley E. Marshall, University of Colorado, Denver

Tagged Divisions

Materials

(both design firms and ready-mixed concrete producers), more time to allow for a fieldplacement of the student project mixtures, and a student reflection session. The authors plan to pursue greater industry collaboration in future offerings of the course.The industry collaboration will be even more important in reviewing the technical report and oralpresentations as well as the potential for a field placement. The value in having industryinvolved in reviewing the technical reports and oral presentations is the feedback they canprovide. Individuals involved in the concrete industry can suggest modifications to the studentsin addition to commenting whether their design is “practical” would have the potential for beingused in the field

Conference Session

Advances in Communication Instruction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beth Bateman Newborg, University of Pittsburgh; Teresa L. Larkin, American University; Dan Budny, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

reflect power andstatus. She points out the importance of word choice, phrasing, and document format inconstructing and communicating knowledge in communally sanctioned ways. Membersof a community—for instance, scholars within a discipline—are, Gunnarsson argues,putting themselves at significant risk if they deviate from the familiar language practices.Thus, a composition scholar encountering directives about envisioning a writing projectaccording to a notion of quantification or “percentages” is likely to see such language andthe knowledge construct it represents as not just a bit of a different perspective, or asinherently just a little problematic, but as quite dramatically dangerous.Why might a composition scholar’s initial strong impulse be

Conference Session

Undergraduate Recruitment

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Shapcott, Arizona State University; Katherine G. Nelson, Arizona State University; Jenefer Husman, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

engineering programs areuniquely positioned to incorporate these recommendations. This material is based upon work primarily supported by the Engineering ResearchCenter Program of the National Science Foundation and the Office of Energy Efficiency andRenewable Energy of the Department of Energy under NSF Cooperative Agreement No.EEC‐1041895. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in thismaterial are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the National ScienceFoundation or Department of Energy. Page 25.303.2 Changing the Face of Engineering: How Photovoltaic

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Javernick-Will, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jessica Kaminsky, University of Colorado, Boulder; Cathy Leslie P.E., Engineers Without Borders - USA ; Kaitlin Litchfield, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

necessarychanges to engineering curriculum to attract a more diverse student and practitioner population. Page 25.321.6Engineering IdentityThe construction of professional or personal identity is dynamic and multiple. In other words,identity reflects membership in many groups and changes over time. Socialization into aprofession may be done via many avenues. However, it is commonly suggested that havingexamples of people like oneself may be a strong contributor. In STEM fields with low femalemembership, this may hinder the entry and retention of females into engineering38–40.STEM study and work is perceived by students as more difficult than many social

Conference Session

Design Tools and Methodology I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Loren Christian, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Seda McKIlligan, Iowa State University; Colleen M. Seifert, University of Michigan; Richard Gonzalez, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

in an introductory engineering course? Page 25.394.5Our study was not comparative; instead, our goal was to identify how using the heuristics inthese two different scenarios guided the ideation processes of engineering students, and how themethod of heuristic use was reflected in the design outcomes.ParticipantsWe collected data from two sections of a single introductory engineering course at a largeMidwestern university. This semester-long course introduces engineering students to designprocesses through a team design project. The projects in each section were different. We selectedprotocols from five participants from each section

Conference Session

Capstone and Design Projects in Engineering Technology

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmine C. Balascio, University of Delaware; Beth (Becky) Kano Kinney, University of Delaware

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

% members the highest possible score. I wanted my evaluation to reflect the 2 38 68% relative contributions of all members. I wanted to provide feedback that 3 would help my 3 5% peers become better team members. I wanted to punish and/or reward a small number of 4 3 5% specific individuals within my group. I just wanted to be done as 5 0 0

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

So Yoon Yoon, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Miles Griffin Evans; Johannes Strobel, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

(STEBI) wasdesigned to measure two constructs, outcome expectancy and self-efficacy. The two constructswere based on Bandura’s theoretical framework that behaviors are effected by both personalexpectancy about the outcome and personal belief about teaching. The specific content area ofteaching, which is science, was to reflect the fact that teacher self-efficacy can vary dependingon the content area. For example, while some teachers have high self-efficacy in teachinglanguage arts, they may not have the same level of self-efficacy in teaching science.Since the first development of the STEBI, with its increasing use in science education, severalvariants of the STEBI were also developed and tested in the specific content areas, targetingdifferent

Conference Session

Service as an Element of Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Pamela Dexter, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jane Hunter, University of Arizona; James C. Baygents, University of Arizona; Michael Gerard Thompson

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

rethinking how engineering isportrayed to young people and our society at large. Many engineering programs that have beendeveloped over the last decade do not fit this model and still reflect a more traditional view ofengineering. Meeting the challenges cited by the NAE report requires multiple and diversepathways for students to come to engineering, including new and innovative alternatives to Page 25.484.3compliment the more traditional programs.One pathway that fits the characteristics described in the report from the National Academy isservice-learning. Service-learning connects learning STEM content with meeting communityneeds on a local or even

Conference Session

Ethical Cases and Curricula

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Russell Capelli, Virginia Tech; Estela Patron Moen, Virginia Tech; William N. Collins, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

conflicts in multinational engineering environments3. However, because differences incultures and individuals may always exist, an international code of ethics must be general andshould not be expected to reflect the complete ethical perspectives of even one society9.It is now widely recognized that engineering ethics education, traditionally based on individualautonomy and philosophical moral theory, may be insufficient for today’s students9. Studentsshould now be equipped with the ability and desire to not only recognize ethical dilemmas in theengineering environment, but also recognize the impact of the changing environment onengineering ethics. Given the potential dangers of an inadequate understanding of internationalethics, engineering

Conference Session

Ethics Education, Global Health, and Outreach in BME

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael J. Rust, Western New England University; Steven G. Northrup, Western New England University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

that documented the trip.Additionally, the students were assessed by the faculty members during the field experienceregarding teamwork, attitude, and leadership. After returning from the field experience, thestudents were required to submit a final paper in order to complete the course requirements. Thecontent of the paper included a reflection on the trip and a discussion of how each student’sprofessional skills can contribute to the field of global health.ResultsIn order to assess the impact of the new course on student interest and attitudes toward globalhealth, a set of IRB approved pre- and post-course surveys were developed and administered.The pre-course surveys were administered at the beginning of the first lecture, whereas the post

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation of K-12 Engineering Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David G. Rethwisch, University of Iowa; Melissa Chapman Haynes, Professional Data Analysts; Soko S. Starobin, Iowa State University; Frankie Santos Laanan, Iowa State University; Tom Schenk Jr., Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

“small.”Conclusions There are several points of interest based on these results. First, PLTW in Iowa tends toattract white males and students who have higher achievement in mathematics and science injunior high. The percentages of women who enter PLTW are approximately the same percentagethat enters mechanical and electrical engineering programs (Walcerz, 2006). Overall, theselection bias was rather significant, with participants scoring between 0.72 and 0.9 standarddeviations higher on mathematics and science scores prior to entering PLTW. We stronglysuggest that future research on PLTW needs to reflect selection bias in their analysis of theprogram. We controlled for selection bias using propensity score matching that predicted entry

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

aerospace engineering.The following examples illustrate some of the active and cooperative learning techniques [15]. 1. Affective Response - provides an emotional or evaluative response to material. Students look at works of art and note the reaction/response they have to the image/artwork. They reflect on what they see and what has been discussed regarding the components of a work of art the Elements of Art and the Principles of Design. They consider other information such as how colors have symbolic meaning as well as have psychological effects on individuals. In arts, students consider the work of art in the context of the time it was made vs. how it may be perceived today. Discussions in class consider

Conference Session

Technology and Equipment to Improve IE Instruction

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dave Yearwood, University of North Dakota; Alex Johnson, University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

; and 2. faculty and industry’acceptance of smaller lathes as viable alternatives to their costly industrial size cousins. Themetal lathe was selected for this study because of its multipurpose nature and the capability ofthe unit to provide hand-on experiences in a variety of manufacturing applications, e.g. milling,drilling, and grinding.Historical PerspectiveThe Industrial education roots can be traced to ancient times where a need existed to educateworkers in the performance of various tasks essential for work. And, according to Bennett, 3industrial education in America reflected the needs and values of an ever-changing world wherefathers provided industrial education for their sons at a time when it was possible for sons tolearn what they

Conference Session

Assessments, Assessments, and Assessments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David B. Meredith, Pennsylvania State University, Fayette

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

. But if they forget the units or include inconsistent units, they lose some of these points. The final stepto successfully completing an engineering calculation is to “reflect” on the answer to be sure it makes sense.(“The cup of coffee has a mass of 247.38 kg, because that is what my calculator shows.”) I have triedunsuccessfully to incorporate that step as part of this final 30% by offering 5% if they write “ok” beside theiranswer to demonstrate they have completed this final reflection step. Some students thought they deserved thepoints because they had written “ok” without showing any work. I think they missed the purpose of the points.I do try to provide feedback directly on the test to show the student where they went astray. Sometimes a

Conference Session

Broadening Participation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary B. Phelps, HEDGE Co.

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

studies at Old Dominion University. Phelps’s consultancy, HEDGE Co., focuses on working with educators to grow the numbers of females pursuing engineering or technology careers and her research reflects that. Additionally, she chairs the Society of Women Engineers (SWE) Outreach Committee and is a conferred Fellow of the society. In her spare time, Phelps is the Webmaster for ASEE’s Women in Engineering Division (WIED). Page 25.1296.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 The Effects of Hands-on Activities on Middle School Females’ Spatial Skills and Interest

Conference Session

The Role of Robotics in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cher C. Hendricks, Georgia Institute of Technology; Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tamra Williams Ogletree, University of West Georgia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2012-2994: THE IMPACT OF PARTICIPATION IN VEX ROBOTICSCOMPETITION ON MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ INTER-EST IN PURSUING STEM STUDIES AND STEM-RELATED CAREERSProf. Cher C. Hendricks, Georgia Institute of Technology Cher Hendricks is a Research Scientist II at Georgia Institute of Technology. The focus of her work is on K-12 STEM programs. Prior to her work at Georgia Tech, she was an Associate Professor of educational research at the University of West Georgia (1998-2010) and a special education teacher. In addition to her STEM research, Hendricks is author of the textbook Improving Schools through Action Research: A Reflective Practice Approach. The third edition was released in February.Dr. Meltem Alemdar

Conference Session

STS Perspectives on Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Atsushi Akera, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 The MIT Lewis Survey: Creating a Cold War Blueprint for a Technological University, 1947-1949Amidst the structural changes and the “reengineering” of higher education, historical perspectivecan provide us with a vantage point from which to reflect upon the many changes we are seeingtoday. In my talk, I approach this opportunity through a study of MIT’s Committee onEducational Survey, or the “Lewis Survey,” whose 1949 report is regarded by many as the ColdWar “blueprint” for MIT. Rooted in conversations that originated within our society, MITfaculty members embraced the notion of a broader and more fundamental approach toengineering education, even as they

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James P Becker, Montana State University; Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University; Richard A. Revia, Montana State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Page 25.1351.8surprising that students in any semester do not have knowledge of the outcome coming in toEELE 201.Two-sample t-tests comparing the Fall 2011 student responses on the pre-survey to the responseson the post-survey produced significant results (post-survey responses being higher) for alloutcomes questions of interest (p < .05).All pre- and post- survey results (average survey responses) are shown in Table III below: Table III. Pre- and Post-Survey Results (Means) for Fall 2010 and Fall 2011 Learning Outcomes of InterestLearning Outcome: Please complete the followinganonymous survey by selecting the statement thatbest reflects your current knowledge in a given area. 1 = Strongly Disagree 2