Conference Session

Engineering in Middle Schools

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John McLaughlin, MacLaughlin Associates; Gail Hardinge, College of William and Mary; Eugene Brown, Virginia Tech; Kirk Jenne, Office of Naval Research; Robert Stiegler, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

participated in the VDP took on a master teacher role, andoffered to lead their respective schools through the project. Still, there was concern that ananticipated decrease in availability of Navy mentors due to an unanticipated shortfall inCongressional funding would clearly dilute the much-needed career emphasis. In the finalversion of the paper additional details about this part of the work will be given.Evaluation ChallengesThere are always challenges to the successful design, implementation and utilization ofevaluations of any program. Several of these were discussed above under the topic ofevaluability assessment. Additionally, evaluators need an explicit theory of change, oftendescribed using the logic model, good implementation fidelity of

Conference Session

Programming for Engineering Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Naveen Nattam, Purdue University; Kermin Martinez-Hernandez, Purdue University; Doug Danforth, Purdue University; Steve Emberton, Purdue University; Ryan Pedela, Purdue University; Eugene Elkin, Purdue University; Carlos Morales, Purdue University; Kellen Maicher, Purdue University; Gabriela Weaver, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

toconditions triggered within the game by the learner. Essentially, the action path andsuccess of the player in the game are markers for the learning that is taking place. Forexample, in one of the game segments the player encouters a chemistry-based challengein which they must create ammonia using a reactor. In order to assess whether thestudent has mastered a specific set of instructional objective, we examine how the playerhas manipulated the game world to complete the task and base our assessment on thatinformation.Subject Selection for Game Testing and Educational AssessmentThe chemistry challenges for the first phase of the project were designed to relate to theenvironment associated with typical utilities operations associated with a self

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Eduaction - Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University; Ronald Earley, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

teaching and learning styles. Available in CD-Rom form from IATS : InternationalAlliance of Teachers Scholars. (ISBN # 0-9645071-1-0)Hawkins, P., & Winter, J. (1997). Mastering change: Learning the lessons of the enterprise in highereducation initiative. London: Department for Education and Employment.Honnet, E.P. and Poulsen, S. (1989). Principles of Good Practice in Combining Service and Learning.Wingspread Special Report. Racine, WI: Johnson Foundation.Linn, R., Baker, E., & Dunbar, S. (1991). Complex, performance-based assessment: Expectations andvalidation criteria. Educational Researcher, 20 (8), 15-21.Narayanan, Mysore (2003). Assessment in Higher Education: Partnerships in Learning. Oxford, Ohio. :Miami University: 23rd

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Valentin Razmov, University of Washington; Richard Anderson, University of Washington

2006-1770: EXPERIENCES WITH AGILE TEACHING IN PROJECT-BASEDCOURSESValentin Razmov, University of Washington Valentin Razmov spends time in the classroom as often as he can. He is interested in methods to assess and improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning. Valentin is a Ph.D. candidate in Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington (Seattle), where he received his Masters degree in Computer Science in 2001. Prior to that, in 1998, he obtained a Bachelors degree with honors in Computer Science from Sofia University (Bulgaria).Richard Anderson, University of Washington Richard Anderson is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the

Conference Session

Computing Tools for Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Josephson, Tuskegee University; Jaya Krishnagopalan, Tuskegee University; Nader Vahdat, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

until the given condition was met. While suchan approach is obviously a great saver of time, it also obviously does nothing towards educatingthe students in the how and why of the trial and error technique. Accordingly, although we doinstruct our students in certain advanced methods such as the Goal Seek tool, we do so only afterthe basic technique has been mastered. Page 11.1144.6 Figure 3 - Trial & Error to Find the Unknown TauTrapezoidal RuleThe trapezoidal rule is another relatively simple procedure which we have found to be usefulwhen giving instruction in Excel. There are many occasions to use the

Conference Session

Rethinking Aerospace Curricula and Learning

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narayanan Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

through the opportunity to expand theassignments and midterm take-home projects into substantial semester-long integrative projects.2. Junior-level High Speed AerodynamicsAE3021 is a traditional junior/senior course, the last and most advanced in the fluid /aerodynamics curriculum. The theoretical methods that must be mastered make it a “hard”course. Here again, material was added, incorporating material provided by Boeing engineers onthe High Speed Civil Transport aircraft. This material was at the professional level, and requiredstudents to integrate what they had learned throughout the curriculum in order to assimilate it.Again, students were doing the aerodynamic analysis of supersonic aircraft during the course,and this occupied their

Conference Session

Mobile Robotics in Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ahlgren, Trinity College; Igor Verner, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

the characteristics that we would like the students to acquire inthe robot projects and demonstrate at the robot contests are implied in the concept of engineeringaptitude. The engineering aptitude characterizes readiness of the individual to master engineeringand technology or to pursue an engineering/technical career [11]. Aptitude tests includeengineering and technological problems, which require understanding theoretical concept andability to use them in practice [12].For example, the questions posed in the NEAS tests for secondary school students who did notstudy technology/engineering subjects cover the following topics:• Mathematical reasoning. Students solve practical problems and use mathematical methods studied in school algebra

Conference Session

Computing Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Kowalkowski, Knowledge Consultants; Gilbert Laware, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

for the DAMA Foundation. Gil specializes in developing business and application solutions, metadata (business and technical) to support enterprise application integration, knowledge management, and data warehousing. He has developed and teaches courses in Enterprise Architecture, Systems Analysis and Design, System Architecture, Data Management and SQL. He consults in both the public and private industry sectors. Gil holds Master degrees in Management and Management Science. Page 11.1200.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Teaching Business Process Improvements – Making the

Conference Session

Achieving the Civil Engineering Body of Knowlegde

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

C. Conley, U.S. Military Academy; Decker Hains, U.S. Military Academy; Scott Hamilton, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

11.231.6discussion of the correlation follows later in the paper in conjunction with Table 2.The Engineer of 2020Following are the recommendations from the NAE Committee on the Engineer of 2020, PhaseII[2], many of which are supported by ASCE student group activities: 1. The baccalaureate degree should be recognized as the “pre-engineering” degree or Bachelor of Arts in engineering degree, depending on the course content and reflecting the career aspirations of the student. 2. ABET should allow accreditation of engineering programs of the same name at the baccalaureate and graduate levels in the same department to recognize that education through a “professional” master’s degree produces an AME, an accredited “master” engineer

Conference Session

Capstone Design and Entrepreneurship

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gül Okudan, Pennsylvania State University; Jennifer Finelli, Pennsylvania State University; Elizabeth Kisenwether, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

engineering entrepreneurship ENGR310 finance engineering entrepreneurship ENGR310 QMM492 operations and systems management international business QMM492 computer science engineering entrepreneurship ENGR310 master of manufacturing QMM492 information science technology ENGR310 no answer no answer ENGR310 accounting engineering entrepreneurship ENGR310 QMM492 finance engineering

Conference Session

Emerging Technologies in Manufacturing Education II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Wells, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

/micromachining/issues_and_trens/article.aspx?id=946 [4] Nayan M. Reddy, Visvanathan Srinivasan, Adriana Brasoava, Keerthi Gunasekaran and David L. Wells; “Self-Assembly of Micro-Components”; Journal of Manufacturing Systems; to appear [5] Popa and Stephanou; “Micro and Mesoscale Robotic Assembly”; Journal of Manufacturing Systems, vol 6, nr 1; 2004 [6] Visvanathan Srinivasan; “A Proposed Model for Predicting Trajectories of Micro-particles Descending through a Fluid Medium”; Master of Science thesis, Manufacturing Engineering; North Dakota State University; May 2007 [7] Leo Alting, F. Kimura, H.N. Hansen and G. Bissacco; “Micro Engineering”; Annals of the CIRP; vol 52, nr 2; 2003

Conference Session

Current Topics in IE Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Flynn, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

course.Shouldn’t the amount of study be tied to the amount of time necessary for a person to master thecontent and shouldn’t that be less for a person with background in the major? The secondproblem is with the total time. We haven’t been requiring a person to work 74 hours per weeksince the ten hour day-7 day work week of the 1880’s and prior. In 1880 the job with these workrules was probably in the mines. Page 11.696.9The workload analysis of Figure 4 is built on the model that holds all courses equal. It is basedon the 40 hour work week, the same standard that we apply to a faculty. Predetermined Timesanalysis will apply as heavily in developing the

Conference Session

Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Instruction

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Cimbala, Pennsylvania State University; Laura L. Pauley; Sarah Zappe; Meng-Fen Hsieh, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Penn State University, University Park and the Arthur L. Glenn Professor of Engineering Education. Since 2000, she has also served as the Professor-in-Charge of Undergraduate Programs in Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering. Dr. Pauley teaches courses in the thermal sciences and conducts research in computational fluid mechanics. She received her Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1988. She may be contacted at LPauley@psu.edu.Sarah Rzasa Zappe, Pennsylvania State University SARAH E. RZASA ZAPPE is the Testing and Assessment Specialist at the Schreyer Institute for Teaching Excellence at Penn State University. In 2002, Sarah received her Masters degree in

Conference Session

Using Teams, Seminars & Research Opportunities for Retention

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

De'Jeune Antoine, Xavier University of Louisiana; Mica Hutchison, Purdue University; Deborah Follman, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

current success inthe program, and their definition of program success. This distribution, as well as the smallnumber of participants in the study, provide little insight in determining whether differences existin the factors cited by IP sufferers and non-IP sufferers or those cited by men and women. Whatis apparent from this data, however, is the strong degree to which all students in the researchprogram drew on mastery experiences as the primary evaluator of their success and confidence inachieving future success. Mastering an understanding of research projects and the researchexperience, growing and developing as a researcher, completing a project, and current projectstatus are all factors that fall under Bandura’s6 defined efficacy source of

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jose Guevara, University of Puerto Rico; Ismael Pagan-Trinidad, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Didier Valdes-Diaz, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Eileen Pesantes, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Francisco Maldonado-Fortunet, University of Puerto Rico; Miguel Pando, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

emphasis in the outcome based evaluations.To assure the education objectives the ABET and ASCE are focusing the attention in the following tasks: • Improve the accreditation and assessment process requiring 11 outcomes named as a thorugh k which is listed and defined in the ABET 2004. • Define the Body of Knowledge (BOK) as stated by the ASCE, 2004 to call the attention of three major aspects: 1. What shoud be taught and learned? Page 11.743.2 2. How should it be taught and learned? 3. Who should teach and learn it? • Require a masters degree or equivalent for professional

Conference Session

Engineering in High School

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meetu Walia, Polytechnic University; EDWIN YU, Polytechnic University; Vikram Kapila, Polytechnic University; Magued Iskander, Polytechnic University; Noel Kriftcher, Polytechnic University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

CAREER award, Chi Epsilon (Civil Engineering Honor Society) Metropolitan District James M. Robbins Excellence in Teaching Award, and Polytechnic University Distinguished Teacher Award. Dr. Iskander’s research interests include Geotechnical modeling with transparent soils, foundation engineering, and urban geotechnology. He makes extenive uses of sensors and measurement systems in his research studies. Dr. Iskander has published 50 papers and supervised 6 doctoral students, 14 masters students, 6 undergraduate students, and 7 high school students. Page 11.1403.1Noel Kriftcher, Polytechnic University

Conference Session

Software and e-learning in the ME curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Fisher, Stevens Institute of Technology; Constantin Chassapis, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

2006-1641: GUIDED CAE SOFTWARE LEARNING MODULES FOR THEUNDERGRADUATE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUMFrank Fisher, Stevens Institute of Technology Dr. Frank Fisher has been an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, NJ since August 2004. Dr. Fisher earned BS degrees in Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mathematics from the University of Pittsburgh, Masters degrees in Mechanical Engineering and Learning Sciences (School of Education and Social Policy), and a PhD in Mechanical Engineering, all from Northwestern University. Prior to his current appointment he spent for two years as a post-doctoral research associate for the

Conference Session

Retention Issues

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phyllis Tedford, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi; John Fernandez, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

Conference Session

Collaborative & New Efforts in Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel Scheibler, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Stephen Williams, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Joerg Mossbrucker, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Glenn Wrate, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Owe Petersen, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

International

citizenship. A pedagogical duality thatartificially separates categories of learning and experience (either explicitly or implicitly) ensuresthat synthesis of ideas and actions, a critical component of coping with a globalization, is absentfrom the student’s educational experience.29The greatest single factor in globalization is humanity.30 While an engineering faculty cannot beexpected to master the intricacies of world trade policy or cultural anthropology andconceptually integrate these fields into the nuances of electromechanical energy conversion,every professor of engineering is human. It is the conveyance of the promise and pitfalls ofhumans practicing engineering as an integral element in every classroom that can provide a giantleap forward

Conference Session

Improving ME education: Broad Topics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University; Andrew Davol, California Polytechnic State University; Joseph Mello, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

University Andrew Davol graduated with a BSME from the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly), in 1987. He worked for Boeing Commercial Aircraft Company as a designer and stress analyst before completing a Ph.D. in structural engineering at the University of California, San Diego, in 1998. Andrew is currently an associate professor in Mechanical Engineering at Cal Poly specializing in mechanics. He has advised the ASME sponsored Human Powered Vehicle Club for 5 years.Joseph Mello, California Polytechnic State University Joseph Mello received bachelor and master degrees from California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo. He earned a Ph.D. at University of

Conference Session

Faculty Development Toolkit

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maher Murad, University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown; Andrew Rose, University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Technology Programs: Effective for Evaluations During the 2006-2007 Accreditation Cycle," Baltimore, MD. , November 2005. 3. Lowman. J., (1985). Mastering the Techniques of Teaching, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA. 4. Mehta S, and Danielson J. “The Scholarship of Teaching: Building a Foundation before Reaching the Pinnacle.” Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2001. 5. Carlson. R., (1997). Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff, and It’s All Small Stuff, HYPERION, New York. 6. ASCE ExCEEd Teaching Workshop, American Society of Civil Engineers, URL: http://www.asce.org/exceed/, accessed March 6, 2006. 7. Rose, A.T

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla Zoltowski, Purdue University; William Oakes, Purdue University; Barrett Myers, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Engineering Education Excellence Award He is a past-chair of the ASEE IL/IN Section, and board member of Freshman Programs and Educational Research Methods Divisions.Barrett Myers, Purdue University Barrett Myeters is a masters student in Computer Programming Technology. He received his B.S in Computer Science from the University of Kentucky in 2004. He is currently a graduate assistant with the EPICS Program at Purdue University. Page 11.941.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Multi-Campus Collaborations among Undergraduate Design Teams: Opportunities and

Conference Session

Manufacturing Processes

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Mountain, University of Texas-Tyler; David Beams, University of Texas-Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

2006-2097: RAPID PROTOTYPING OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS USING ANENGRAVING LASERJeffrey Mountain, University of Texas-Tyler JEFFREY MOUNTAIN obtained the Ph.D. degree from the University of Texas at Arlington. Dr. Mountain’s interests are in mechatronics, robotics, automation, solar energy applications and CAD/Graphics. He also has experience in the design and installation of mechanical building systems, specifically plumbing and HVAC systems. Instrumentation systems design and electrostatic powder coating system applications round out his areas expertise. He also holds a current State of Texas master plumber’s license and is active in the area of K-12 outreach. Dr. Mountain served on

Conference Session

Digital System Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Loui, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign; James Longino, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign; Craig Zilles, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

with MSI components such as encoders, decoders, multiplexers, adders, arithmetic-logic units, ROMs, and programmable logic arrays • Calculate delays in ripple carry adders and combinational arraysDesign and analysis of sequential networks • Understand the operation of latches; clocked, master-slave, and edge-triggered flip-flops; shift registers; and counters • Plot and interpret timing diagrams • Determine the functionality of sequential circuits from state diagrams and timing diagrams • Translate sequential circuit specifications into state diagrams • Design sequential circuit components (latches, flip-flops, registers, synchronous counters) using logic gates • Synthesize general sequential

Conference Session

Approaches to Teaching Entrepreneurship

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Minnie Patel, San Jose State University; Anuradha Basu, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

2006-2325: HOW TO WEAVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTO ENGINEERINGEDUCATION: THE EXPERIENCE AT SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITYMinnie Patel, San Jose State University Minnie H. Patel is an Associate Professor in the Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering at the San Jose State University (SJSU). She earned her Ph.D. from Georgia Tech in 1988. Her masters’ degrees are in operations research from Georgia Tech, in systems engineering from the University of Illinois-Chicago, and in statistics from the M.S. University, Baroda, India. She was a faculty member in the Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering (IME) at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) from 1990-2002 prior to

Conference Session

Integrating H&SS in Engineering II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. Pinar Menguc, University of Kentucky; Ellie Hawes, University of Kentucky; Jane Jensen, University of Kentucky; Ingrid St. Omer, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

-stream media, the students were able to sense thepotential impact of nanotechnology both in the short- and long-term. In addition, they Page 11.717.6were able to speculate on potential adverse effects and ethical questions. One particularsubject, that we discussed several times due to the high level of student interest, wasabout “playing god.” If mankind can master the principles of nanotechnology, and buildstructures at an atomic scale, they can manipulate matter and genes and control theprogress of cells. The students pondered on both the feasibility of this notion and theethical questions surrounding the idea.With Nanocosm, we practiced using the

Conference Session

Teaching Innovation in Architectural Engineering I

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Franca Trubiano, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

11.1303.2IntroductionThis paper is concerned with the use of material fabrications in the teaching of architecturaldesign. It identifies and describes three different methodologies which have been used, in thecontext of Masters level studios, to organize the conception and construction of architecturalprojects; most particularly, projects defined by the exigencies of their physical properties. Forwell over 60 years the design studio has been at the center of architectural education serving asan important venue for exploring the relationship of building to construction. And it is the goalof this paper to critically assess the educational merit of three distinct exercises conceived topromote a paradigm shift in accepted studio procedures. To this end, and by way of

Conference Session

Reforming the Industrial Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bradley Chase, University of San Diego; Rick Olson, University of San Diego; Leonard Perry, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

Systems Engineering at the University of San Diego where he teaches courses from the freshman year through senior design. His teaching and research emphasis is in applied operations research.Leonard Perry, University of San Diego Leonard A. Perry, PhD is an Assistant Professor of Industrial & Systems Engineering at the University of San Diego. His research interests are in the area of system improvement via quality improvement methods especially in the area of applied statistics, statistical process control, and design of experiments. He is an instructor at the Six-Sigma Institute and is a Certified Six-Sigma Master Black-Belt and ASQ Certified Quality Engineer

Conference Session

Improving ME education: Broad Topics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renuka Thota, University of Louisiana-Lafayette; Suren Dwivedi, University of Louisiana-Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

for mechanical engineering students. It would serve as a meeting space for teamdiscussions, as well as interactive and brain-storming sessions. This lab would serve as anintegrating tool for various courses ranging from product design to product manufacturing 5. Page 11.721.16Thus, the conceptualization of different stages in a product development can be mastered andtransformed into actualization through a team-based product realization process, strengthened byan innovation laboratory like the above-referred learning laboratory.4.1. Results of Ideal ImplementationThe above curricula ensure that, after completion of the proposed schooling

Conference Session

Curricular Innovations

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maura Borrego, Virginia Tech; Lynette Osborne, National Academy of Engineering; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University; Karl Smith, University of Minnesota; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Engineering Education, and Fellow, Discovery Learning Center at Purdue University West Lafayette. He has been at the University of Minnesota since 1972 and is in phased retirement as Morse-Alumni Distinguished Teaching Professor of Civil Engineering. Karl has been active in the Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) for over 25 years and has served in many capacities, including Chair of the Division. His Bachelors and Masters degrees are in Metallurgical Engineering from Michigan Technological University and his Ph.D. is in Educational Psychology from the University of Minnesota. He has co-written eight books including Cooperative