Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Molly Y. Mollica, University of Washington; Heather A. Feldner, University of Washington; Anat Caspi P.E., University of Washington ; Katherine M. Steele, University of Washington; Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

bioengi- neering, tissue and protein engineering lab courses, bioengineering ethics, leadership, and bioengineering capstone writing and design courses. She is committed to enhancing diversity and inclusivity in engineer- ing, and creating opportunities for undergraduate students to engage in K-12 educational outreach. Dr. Hendricks has over a decade of experience leading educational outreach and summer camp programs at both Duke University and the University of Washington. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017Work In Progress: Toy Adaptation in Undergraduate Education and Outreach - An Initial Examination into Participant Experience and PerceptionsService learning is a

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rohit Bhargava, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Marcia Pool, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Andrew Michael Smith, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; P. Scott Carney, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois; Dipanjan Pan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

clinical trials, economics, ethics, and regulatorystrategies. Throughout the second year, students will continue working on their research project,with the culmination of the second year being a summer clinical or industrial immersion relevantto the project. In addition to immersion experiences, we are planning tracks: research,entrepreneurship, professional school, and industry; while these are at early stages indevelopment, they are being developed to integrate with other campus activities.Beginning junior year, students will continue undergraduate research while being extensivelytrained in engineering design, in contrast to traditional education which focuses primarily ondesign in the senior capstone course. The coursework for this year is not

Conference Session

BME Curriculum Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aura Gimm, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

nanomedicine, self-assembly, tribiology, and nanobiomaterialsto learn first-hand the engineering and design challenges. The course culminated with researchor design proposals and oral presentations that addressed specific engineering/design issuesfacing nanobiotechnology and/or nanomedicine. The assessment also included an exam (onlyfirst offering), laboratory write-ups, reading of research journal articles and analysis, and anessay on ethical/societal implications of nanotechnology, and summative questionnaire. Thecourse exposed students to cross-disciplinary intersections that occur between biomedicalengineering, materials science, chemistry, physics, and biology when working at the nanoscale.We will also discuss the lessons learned and changes made

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Stock Garanich Ph.D., The City College of New York; Lola A. Brown, The City College of New York

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Business Leadership Biomedical Ethics and Translational Research Responsible Conduct of Design Research Cost Analysis and the Elective Course or Business of Translation Independent Project (Winter Intersession) Elective CourseTable 1: CCNY Master’s in Translational Medicine Program CurriculumBioDesignBioDesign is a three semester course sequence and the foundation of CCNY MTM. The programhas several clinical partners to source BioDesign projects ranging from computer applicationdevelopment to biomechanical device design. There is no set financial cost assigned to clinicalpartners in association with their project sponsorship. They may accrue such costs on a case-by-case basis, for example, associated with

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark A. Ruegsegger, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

ensure the success ofour program once we arrive. This particular partnership also draws from the backing of bothDepartments and higher administrative levels, particularly from NJU, which, for the inauguralsummer design experience at OSU in Summer 2014, is currently pledging significant funding tosupport the trip for the NJU students.There are significant opportunities for career development from this collaboration. As theprimary instructor of the Senior Design capstone course, I am the main resource for OSUstudents for learning about industry models for design, manufacturing, business models, costassessment, medical device regulation, ethics, and global aspects of engineering. Developing thiscollaboration would greatly enhance my ability to

Conference Session

Design in BME Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen May-Newman, San Diego State University; Peter Newman, San Diego State University; Urban Miyares, Interwork Institute - Disabled Businessperson's Association

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

professional ethics as well as featuring seminars by guest speakers. Students arerequired to have weekly meetings with their project advisor throughout the two semesters of thecourse. The final product must involve significant design and be a physical device, computermodel, or a complete description of a manufacturing process for a mechanical or biomedicalapplication. For many students, this capstone design experience provides the most relevantpreparation for working in industry, and marks a segue from their academic training into theirprofessional careers.Students in the capstone engineering course were recruited to design AT for the ChallengedAmerica program. A rehabilitation technology graduate student with a background inengineering was recruited

Conference Session

Communication and Professional Skills in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Willis Tompkins, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Naomi Chesler, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Walter Block, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Kristyn Masters, University of Wisconsin-Madison; William Murphy, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Mitchell Tyler, University of Wisconsin-Madison; John Webster, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

professional communicationthroughout the curriculum as well as a relevant structure to discuss many issues related to designincluding intellectual property, professionalism, entrepreneurialism, engineering ethics, and theneed for lifelong learning.All the design projects are client-based, real-world design problems, solicited primarily from themedical and life sciences faculty around the university, as well as from biomedical engineeringcompanies. Also we do projects with individuals who have specific rehabilitation needs. Thedesign faculty team reviews the proposed projects and chooses those that are well matched to thestudents’ abilities and likely to result in physical prototypes. Once a team of four students isformed and chooses a project, the

Conference Session

Novel BME Courses and Course Adaptations

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Coyne, U.S. Army ECBC; Arthur Johnson, University of Maryland-College Park

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

ormodifications to the old models that have appeared in the current literature. Also included arearticles from journals showing new information about physiology, especially information thatmay contradict what we once thought. This is done to show students advancement in the fieldand that the field is always evolving. It also emphasizes that it is important to keep up withcurrent literature and that students should question existing theories.At the end of the semester, several comprehensive models are introduced. The challenge ofdeveloping these types of models, the limitations in applying them, and the reasons such modelsare needed are discussed. This year, the course will conclude with a discussion of the ethics ofdeveloping and using a model. Data

Conference Session

Novel BME Courses and Course Adaptations

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Conrad Zapanta, Pennsylvania State University; Keefe Manning, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

- 1 1 well as to analyze and interpret data from living and non-living systems3. An ability to design a system, component, or 2 3 1 process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints.4. An ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams - - -5. An ability to identify, formulate, and solve 3 4 1 engineering problems6. An understanding of professional and ethical 2 - - responsibility7. An ability to communicate effectively 1 - 18. The broad education necessary to understand the 1

Conference Session

Communication and Professional Skills in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Ebenstein, Bucknell University; Joe Tranquillo; Daniel Cavanagh

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, X X and engineering3b. an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as X X X to analyze and interpret data3c. an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as X X economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability3d. an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams X X3e. an

Conference Session

Experiential Learning and Globalization in BME

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Judy L. Cezeaux, Western New England College; Michael J. Rust, Western New England College; Robert Gettens, Western New England College; Richard D. Beach, Western New England College; Jason A Criscuolo, Western New England College

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

field of biomedical engineering and typical career paths for BME students on Monday.Other lectures included training on laboratory safety related to biological, chemical, and physicalhazards as well as an introduction to the laboratory experiences. Finally, a local surgeon thatworks with the BME faculty on design of breast surgery devices gave a lecture on hisexperiences in the medical field. Evening activities included a scavenger hunt, design of balloonpowered vehicles, and the viewing of the movie “The Island” with a subsequent discussion ofmedical ethics and human cloning. The program culminated with an awards dinner and gamenight in the campus center. A brief schedule of the program is shown in Table 1.Laboratory experiencesThe overarching

Conference Session

Development of Technical and Soft Skills in BME

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington; Alyssa Catherine Taylor, University of Washington; Stephanie Pulford, University of California, Davis

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

University of Washington include introductory and honors courses in bioengineering, tissue and protein engineering lab courses, bioengineering ethics, leadership, and bio- engineering capstone writing and research/design courses. She is committed to enhancing diversity and inclusivity in engineering, and creating opportunities for undergraduate students to engage in K-12 educa- tional outreach. Dr. Hendricks has over a decade of experience leading educational outreach and summer camp programs at both Duke University and the University of Washington.Dr. Alyssa Catherine Taylor, University of Washington Alyssa C. Taylor is a lecturer in the Department of Bioengineering at the University of Washington. She received a B.S. in

Conference Session

First- and Second-year Design and Professional Development in BME

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emma K. Frow, Arizona State University; Michael R. Caplan, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

teaching with engineers and scientists has been geared towards encouraging them to think about the broader social, ethical and political dimensions of their research and training.Dr. Michael R. Caplan, Arizona State University Michael Caplan earned his undergraduate degrees from The University of Texas at Austin and his PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Following post-doctoral research at Duke University Medical Center in Cell Biology, Michael joined the faculty of Arizona State University in 2003, and he is now an Associate Professor in Biomedical Engineering. Dr. Caplan’s research focuses on molecular cooperativity in drug targeting, bio-sensing, and cell sig- naling. Current projects align along

Conference Session

BME Assessment and the VaNTH ERC

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Blanchard, Florida Gulf Coast University; James Sweeney, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, regulatory, manufacturability, and sustainability; d. an ability to function on and assume leadership roles in diverse, multi-disciplinary teams; e. an ability to identify, formulate, and solve bioengineering problems; f. an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility; g. an ability to communicate effectively, especially in an interdisciplinary environment; h. the broad education, including service learning and entrepreneurship, necessary to understand the impact of bioengineering solutions in a rapidly changing global, economic, environmental, and societal context; i. a recognition of the

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in BME

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

DeRome Dunn, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Robin Liles, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Clinton Lee, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Shawn Watlington, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Courtney Lambeth, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Devdas Pai, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Nanotechnology, andComputational Modeling and Simulations in Materials Processing and Nanoengineering. Thefollowing enrichment topics were carried out. During the opening program, a diversityicebreaker/mixer activity was done to establish interactions between participants to facilitateteam building and later team work. Also, seminars on: intellectual property and patient rights -The How and Why of Data Collection, a case study in biomedical ethical issues and dilemmas,funding sources and technical grant writing, a presentation by the state’s BiotechnologyResource Center, oral presentation skills, a plant trip to a producer of ostomy and woundsupplies, and a trip to an incubation center for entrepreneurship were done. These once to twice aweek programs

Conference Session

Design in BME Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David McStravick, Rice University; Marcia O'Mallley, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Page 12.855.3Sample Jigsaw Workshop Topics: • Log books and project books • Effective reports and presentations • Project planning • Procurement and shop policies • Rapid prototyping equipment use and procedures • Resources and budgeting • Ethics • Patents • Experiment design and uncertaintyIndividual AccountabilityIn order to meet the individual accountability requirement for cooperative learning, all studentsmust do their share of the work and must master the material to be learned. We have adopted anexam on project content to make sure that all group members are aware of the major designdecisions related to their project. Also, we ask students to self-report their time spent per weekon the project, and use this, along with

Conference Session

Integrating Design into the BME Curriculum

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristine Csavina, Florida Gulf Coast University; James Sweeney, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Student achievement of the course outcomeswere assessed through the following broader program outcomes: statistics (3a), design, includingrealistic constraint aspects (3c), identify, formulate and solve bioengineering problems (3e),professional and ethical (3f) and lifelong learning (3l).Assessment of these program outcomes came primarily from the midterm and final exams andthe benchmarking portfolio. Table 2 illustrates the assessment of outcome 3c, design, includingrealistic constraint aspects. The bioengineering faculty decided to assess at three levels: thepercentage of students achieving a minimum score of 65%, 70% and 85%. These were ratingsfor junior level proficiency of Developing, Competent and Accomplished, respectively. With anN = 5

Conference Session

Integrating Design into the BME Curriculum

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amit Nimunkar, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Silas Bernardoni, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Tyler Lark, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Willis Tompkins, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

) Department at the University of Wisconsin-Madisonrequires all undergraduate students to take a design course every semester beginning in theirfirst-semester sophomore year for six sequential courses. The students work in a team on aclient-centered biomedical engineering design project to learn concept generation, productanalysis, specifications, evaluation, clinical trials, regulation, liability, and ethics. Thus thedesign course provides students an opportunity to learn about engineering design and the processof integrating engineering and life sciences to solve real-world biomedical engineering problems.It also teaches them how to function on diverse teams, develop leadership skills and to takeinitiative to communicate their ideas and thoughts

Conference Session

BME Curriculum Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samantha Jacques, Milwaukee School of Engineeirng; John D. Gassert, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Thomas Swiontek, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Jeffrey LaMack, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Charles Tritt, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Larry Fennigkoh, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Ron Gerrits, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Vincent Canino, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Nancy Schlick, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

) ≠ Ability to find, analyze and solve a problem. Page 14.280.3 ≠ Understanding of the design process and how it fits into the overall business processes ≠ A basic understanding business processes and entrepreneurial ventures ≠ Strong Laboratory skills ≠ Ability to communicate (both written and verbal) ≠ Understanding of regulations and ethics for biomedical situations ≠ Leadership and teamwork skills ≠ Willingness to continue to learnFacultyWith regard to the recommendation by the Engineer of 2020 report regarding faculty andstudents being the primary actors in the learning process(2), it has always been an underlyingbelief of

Conference Session

Novel BME Courses and Course Adaptations

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Catalano, State University of New York-Binghamton

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

2006-26: LIFE IN MOVING FLUIDS: INTRODUCING CLASSICAL FLUIDMECHANICS INTO BIOENGINEERINGGeorge Catalano, State University of New York-Binghamton Dr. Catalano is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering. He researches and teaches in the areas of engineering design, the fluid dynamics of the natural world and applied mathematics and is included in the Philosophers’ Index for his work in environmental ethics Page 11.896.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006Life in Moving Fluids: Integrating Classical Fluid Mechanics into an Undergraduate Bioengineering ProgramAbstractA new course that seeks to

Conference Session

Clinical, Patient, and Innovation Experiences in BME

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Kadlowec, Rowan University; Tom Merrill, Rowan University; Sameer Sood, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine; Jane Greene Ryan; Anilchandra Attaluri, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg; Robert Alan Hirsh, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

4.57 ideas   (1.11)   (0.98)   I am able to understand and apply medical 3.43 4.71 product development best practice (1.62) (0.95)^ I understand the patenting process   2.57 4.57 2.0 (0.71) 4.6 (0.55) (1.72) (0.98) I have an appreciation of the regulatory and 2.71 5.14 3.0 (1.51) 4.8 (0.44) reimbursement processes   (1.89)   (0.69)   I am able to apply knowledge of mathematics, 4.6 (1.51) 5.2 (1.30)^ science and engineering I understand professional and ethical 4.86

Conference Session

Pipeline and Performance in BME Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric M. Brey, Illinois Institute of Technology; Megan F. Campanile, Illinois Institute of Technology; Norman G. Lederman, Illinois Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

its complications. Students participating in thesummer program were supported by two different mechanisms: 1) The National ScienceFoundation (NSF) REU program (EEC-1157041, EEC-0852048, and EEC-0552896) whichprimarily supports students from off-campus. 2) Institutional funding that only supportedstudents from within the institution. All students were paired with an engineering faculty member from the host institution.Over the 10 weeks they performed an engineering research project focused on the study ortreatment of diabetes or its complications. In addition to research activities, undergraduates tookpart in ethics training, weekly seminars and a K-12 outreach activity. While the activities werethe same for students in both programs

Conference Session

Design in the BME Curriculum

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe Tranquillo, Bucknell University; Donna Ebenstein, Bucknell University; James Baish, Bucknell University; William King, Bucknell University; Daniel Cavanagh, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

local Ventures group. The reviewers at the Ventures group will judge whether theidea is suitable for a non-disclosure agreement, and will base their decision only on thefinal report. The prospect of a design beginning the patent process, serves as furthermotivation to clearly express the ideas of the design. Due to the quantity and quality ofwriting required, as well as the revision process used, both of our senior design coursessatisfy internal institutional writing requirements.EthicsAs design teams are required to enter a medical environment, student witness first-handthe importance of medical ethics. All students are required to undergo the relevantHIPAA training at the mentor’s medical institution

Conference Session

Innovative Laboratories in BME

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Judy Cezeaux, Western New England College; Steven Schreiner, Western New England College; Diane Testa, Western New England College

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

instrumentation andexperiments. This three-course traditional laboratory sequence allows students to progress fromsimple performance of experiments on standard equipment using prescribed protocols, to thedesign of instrumentation, and finally, to the design of experiments for investigating hypothesesabout physiological systems, integrating knowledge from previous laboratory and lecture classes.The first junior laboratory course runs concurrently with a bioinstrumentation course and the firstsemester of a two-semester course sequence in engineering physiology and provides studentswith laboratory experiences and discussions on biomedical ethics. The outcomes for this courseinclude the ability to use modern engineering tools to make measurements on and

Conference Session

Design in the BME Curriculum and ABET Assessment

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Glen Livesay, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Renee Rogge, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

, selecting the best design, constructing, and evaluating performancerelative to initial design specifications. Teams undertake a common project – in terms of clientneeds – although design products to meet these needs may vary.Biomedical Engineering Design I & IIDuring these two quarters, seniors undertake and construct their capstone design project workingon a relevant problem in biomedical engineering. This begins from the development of thedesign problem from a set of (real) client needs, establishing specifications, planning the project, Page 11.1427.3scheduling and efficient use of resources, examining ethics and safety in

Conference Session

Freshman Design and Other Novel Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul King, Vanderbilt University; Mark Richter, MaxMobility

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

yearly include Engineering Ethics, Electrocardiogram Capture and Analysis,Engineering Scuba Diving, Moore’s Law and Engineering Economics, and the like. Moststudents (52%) opt to take a module.Co-Author Richter has sponsored and supervised several senior design (and other) projects forthree years prior to this academic year. His projects, due to his career, were all related torehabilitation engineering. His expertise in this area gave rise to the consideration of either afull semester upper level course in rehabilitation engineering or the development of a freshmanmodule in the area. An administrative decision resulted in the request for an introductorymodule in rehabilitation engineering. As the design course was taught by co-author King, it

Conference Session

Design in the Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James D. Sweeney, Florida Gulf Coast University; Kristine R. Csavina, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Lisa Zidek, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

in the semesterleads into the two main deliverables for the first semester – a team portfolio of all workaccomplished (up to the point of selection of a lead design solution strategy) along with a teamposter presentation (open to the program faculty and staff). Learning outcomes for this courseinclude those focused on application of technical and engineering design skills andprofessionalism, and also refinement and demonstration of effective communication skills viadesign documentation and presentations. In the second semester of bioengineering senior design,teams carry their work forwards through engineering analysis, prototyping, and testing withmultiple design reviews. Ethical considerations including risk-benefit, human factors

Conference Session

Design in the Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John P. Puccinelli, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Amit Janardhan Nimunkar, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

) (b.3) Analyze & interpret data from experiments (c) Design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs (e) Solve biomedical engineering problems (d) Function on multidisciplinary team (f) Ethical responsibility: Cite regulations and standards and credit work (g) Communicate effectively: written and

Conference Session

Experiential Learning and Globalization in BME

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Burks Fasse, Georgia Institute of Technology; Paul Benkeser, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

shared asset not as we predicted through the contiguousresearch, but in another way that is invaluable to establishing and nurturing the internationalresearch collaboration that we seek. We now see that the 2010 CURE cohort served as teachersor trainers for the PKU PIs and mentors. We believe that the first CURE cohort laid thefoundation for those to follow by demonstrating how undergraduates can be integrated into thework and work space, what undergraduates are capable of doing, how much experience andknowledge they bring to the work. One student described how her work ethic andaccomplishment influenced her PI and members of her lab: I had so much confidence during my presentation, I was proud of all my work I accomplished and the

Conference Session

BME Curriculum Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sonya Seif-Naraghi, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

“Balance” (Transfer)Probability and Statistics Thermodynamics Numerical MethodsBiomaterials Ethics: Individual and SocialComputation II Human and Citizen FormationVerbal Expression in the professional env. Control EngineeringInstrumental Chemistry Signals and SystemsElectronics Applied ElectronicsEquilibrium ThermodynamicsBioinstrumentation Biomedical EngineeringBiomedical Engineering Design Bioethics for engineers IMicrocontrollers (microcomputers) Professional developmentHuman and Citizen Formation II Human and Citizen