Conference Session

Poster Sessions for Unit Operations Lab Bazaar and Tenure-Track Faculty

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deniz Rende, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Nihat Baysal, Yeditepe University; Sevinc Rende, Isik University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. This study describes how in three consecutive courses, we preserve academicrigor of the UOL course while incorporating components such as experimental design, projectdevelopment and teamwork, which aim to meet the needs of professional careers. We follow upthe course outcomes with a survey targeting the graduates of the program. The results show thatgraduates employed in industry frequently rely on these skills during job interviews, research andproduct development, whereas those who pursue advanced degrees in academia use these skillspredominantly for their research, highlighting the need for adaptive approach for differentgraduate trajectories in designing the course. For both groups of graduates, the skills introducedduring the UOL courses

Conference Session

"How Do We Compare?" - Students, Case Studies, and Learning Approaches

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel J. Versypt, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Ashlee N. Ford Versypt, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Paper ID #7257Mapping Rural Students’ STEM Involvement: Case Studies of Chemical En-gineering Undergraduate Enrollment in the States of Illinois and KansasMr. Joel J. Versypt, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Joel J. Versypt is a recent graduate of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with a master’s degree in Higher Education Administration and Leadership. He also holds bachelor’s degrees in Psychol- ogy and Biblical Studies from Judson University. At the University of Illinois, Joel taught two courses, Introduction to Psychology and Career Theory & Practice, and worked in university housing. His

Conference Session

Works in Progress in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brad Cicciarelli, Louisiana Tech University; Eric Sherer, Corteva Agriscience; Marisa K. Orr, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

- statistics and machine learning at Corteva Agriscience. He received a B.S. in chemical engineering from Caltech and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from Purdue Univer- sity and was an associate professor in chemical engineering at Louisiana Tech University before joining Corteva Agriscience.Dr. Marisa K. Orr, Clemson University Marisa K. Orr is an Assistant Professor in Engineering and Science Education with a joint appointment in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Clemson University. Her research interests include student persistence and pathways in engineering, gender equity, diversity, and academic policy. Dr. Orr is a recipient of the NSF CAREER Award for her research entitled, ”Empowering Students to be

Conference Session

Problem Solving and Communication in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah A. Wilson, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

time at Rowan and UMass, she developed a passion for undergraduate education. This passion led her to pursue a career as a lecturer, where she could focus on training undergraduate chemical engineering students. She has been teaching at UK since 2015 and has taught Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Computational Tools and the Unit Operations Laboratory. She is especially interested in teaching scientific communication and integration of process safety into the chemical engineering curriculum. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Understanding the gap between communication in the classroom and communication during an industrial internshipAbstractWhile it

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Courses in Emergent Areas

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Taryn Melkus Bayles, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

majors and career fields. The factors that havebeen studied fall into three broad categories: individual attributes(17-20), environmentalconditions(7,21-28), and learning pedagogy(19,23,25,29-31). The academic and career experience forwomen in STEM has been characterized by isolation, a lack of mentors, and a shortage of rolemodels(26). Faculty and peer interactions have substantial influence on the satisfaction andretention of students(2,3,32). Specific faculty influences include the frequency of interaction withfaculty, the quality of teaching by faculty and TAs, and the availability of female faculty and TArole models. Peer interactions affect the classroom climate and influence women’s confidenceand sense of belonging(29). Peer interactions

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Susan M. Stagg-Williams, The University of Kansas; Molly McVey, The University of Kansas; Andrew David Yancey, The University of Kansas; Akash Anand, The University of Kansas; Arthur A. Lee, The University of Kansas

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

introduction to work done by professional chemicalengineers, the resources available to help them be successful at KU, the curricular requirementsand expectations of chemical engineering students, and possible career opportunities; 2) anintroduction to engineering ethics, basic safety considerations, teamwork, and technical writing;and 3) an introduction to basic material and energy balances and fluid flow. This course was theonly chemical engineering course the students took during the freshman year. While teaching the first semester sophomore Material and Energy Balance course between2009 and 2012, students often remarked that the freshman class was boring and that they still didnot understand what chemical engineers did. Based on this feedback

Conference Session

Demonstration and Project Enhancements in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen Yang, Cornell University; Kathryn Dimiduk, Cornell University; Susan Daniel, Cornell University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

current issues, excite student interest in finding solutions to challenges that face theirgeneration, and engage students in learning the required skills to solve these problems.Never has it been more important to engage more students in science and engineering than intoday’s society where the demand for engineers is expected to significantly exceed the supply inthe near future1. Concurrent to this growing deficit in technically-trained workers is the rapiddiversification of our population. In order to fill the gap, people from diverse backgrounds willneed to be motivated to choose engineering as a career choice2. Extensive research shows thatone way to engage students is to connect problems to societal impact by integrating the “humanelement

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Education: Upperclass Years

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Bullard, North Carolina State University; David Ollis, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Professional Development Buffet: From Banquet to À La CarteAbstractBoth ABET and industrial advisory boards encourage engineering departments to includeinstruction in “soft skills” that reflect the broader professional qualities necessary for studentsuccess in their careers. These include oral and written communication, ethics and professionalbehavior, resume and interviewing skills, electronic and professional etiquette, informationliteracy, and broader knowledge of engineering solutions in a global or societal context. Whilesome departments dedicate one or more instructional credits to accomplish this objective, othersmay integrate such topics into existing core courses. This paper presents a one-credit model fora junior-level course in professional

Conference Session

Communication in the Chemical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elif Miskioglu, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Communication for Chemical EngineersAbstractGood communication skills are vital for any career. Engineers are often stigmatized as beingpoor communicators, and while this is merely a stereotype, many engineers and STEM studentsdo express disinterest in writing and other forms of communication. While communication isincorporated in many undergraduate chemical engineering courses through laboratory reports,presentations, and informal short answer questions, these items are generally evaluated for theirtechnical accuracy, not on aspects of their delivery and presentation. In the chemical engineeringdepartment of a large Midwestern university, students are required to take two courses in writingand communication. The

Conference Session

Using Communication and Writing Techniques to Improve Student Learning

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon Ciston, University of California, Berkeley; Sean Poust, University of California-Berkeley

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

non-traditional adult students.Mr. Sean Poust, University of California-Berkeley Page 23.234.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Authenticity Promotes Student Engagement and Learning in a Stand-Alone Technical Communications CourseTechnical Communications for Chemical Engineers has recently been reintroduced to thechemical engineering undergraduate curriculum at the University of California, Berkeley. Thegoal of the course is for students to gain skills in written, oral, and interpersonal communicationsthat will help them excel in their careers and in senior-level

Conference Session

Diversity in Chemical Engineering Education: Status and Perspectives

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl A Bodnar, University of Pittsburgh; Arthur Felse, Northwestern University; Karen A High, Clemson University; Jason M. Keith, Mississippi State University; Adrienne Minerick, Michigan Technological University; Ann Saterbak, Rice University; Jennifer Cole, Northwestern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

electrokinetics, predominantly di- electrophoretic characterizations of cells, and the development of biomedical microdevices. She earned a NSF CAREER award and was nominated for Michigan Professor of the Year in 2014. Research within her Medical micro-Device Engineering Research Laboratory (M.D. – ERL) also inspires the development of Desktop Experiment Modules (DEMos) for use in chemical engineering classrooms or as outreach activi- ties in area schools (see www.mderl.org). Adrienne is currently co-Chair of ASEE’s Diversity Committee and PIC I Chair; she has previously served on WIED, ChED, and NEE leadership teams and contributed to 37 ASEE conference proceedings articles.Dr. Ann Saterbak, Rice UniversityDr. Jennifer Cole

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Education: Underclass Years

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Silverstein, University of Kentucky; Margot Vigeant, Bucknell University; Donald Visco, Tennessee Technological University; Donald Woods, McMaster University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

California offers an Introduction to Chemical Engineering course that is primarily a mass and energy balance course. Other courses include Engng 102, Freshman Academy, 2 credits, fall semester Class size 400 with 13 sections of 30 to 35/section (5) - Clemson University has an elective course ChE Tools, 3 credits that includes small team projects. - This course also functions to highlight material that appears later in the curriculum and/or their career. Class size is 70 students with two sections of 35 each. They also offer a required, first semester 2 credit Engineering Disciplines and Skill, CES 102 that includes brief ChE activities. Class size: 850 to 950; with 60 students/section (11). - Colorado

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Pedagogy

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sidney Jay Stone III P.E., The University of Toledo; Matthew W. Liberatore, The University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Paper ID #33571Attitudes Toward and Usage of Animations in an Interactive Textbook forMaterial and Energy BalancesMr. Sidney Jay Stone III P.E., The University of Toledo Mr. Stone has been working in industry since graduating with BSc in Chemical Engineering. His career has covered the spectrum from detailed engineering design to project management in power generation and petroleum refining and the journey has been interesting and satisfying. During this career he has had several rewarding opportunities to teach and mentor engineering Co-Op students and newly hired engi- neers which has been a rewarding experience. He is

Conference Session

Work-In-Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Taryn Melkus Bayles, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

the undergrads to be creative and to share their experienceswith K-12 students. All of our undergrads are great role models, and this is a chance to introduce K-12 students to technical areas and careers that they might have not considered. It is also an exercisein problem-based learning. Undergrads must decide what they need to learn, then figure out how tolearn it and then how to teach the material. Our undergraduate students also have the opportunity topractice communication skills with people who possess little technical knowledge. In addition, theyalso have to work in a group setting, towards a common goal and they have to critically assess theirown performance, as well as the performance of others.The project has the following

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Connor Robert Bilchak, Columbia University; J. Patrick Abulencia, Manhattan College

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

footprint) andremains one of the pivotal courses that aids in shaping student the Leo Building (the 4-floor engineering building with a largeknowledge of the discipline. Due to its fundamental nature footprint).it is delivered early in the chemical engineering curriculum.Previous literature has reported the importance of the course, aswell as its reputation as a weed-out course due to the difficultyof the course concepts[1],[2],[3],[4] . However, this course alsooften represents the students first significant exposure to thefield of chemical engineering due to its placement in thecurriculum, presenting an opportunity to expose the breadthof career paths available to them. Felder and Rousseau’s text is commonly used for

Conference Session

Bringing Industrial Applications into the Classroom

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Lepek, The Cooper Union; Charmian Wu, Tufts University; Ryan Poling-Skutvik

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

comes from donors and corporate support from companiessuch as Con Edison. Admission to the program, which is open to freshman to senior high schoolstudents, is competitive and is based on the student’s transcript, a written essay, and a letter ofrecommendation. Once accepted to the program, students are assigned a research mentor andtopic to study. Students are required to be present for all six weeks of the program and mustcontribute to a written final report. In addition, students are required to give an oral technicalpresentation to all participating students and faculty advisors. Throughout the program, studentsreceive workshops on careers, advice for college admissions, as well as training in developingand improving their technical and

Conference Session

ABET and Curriculum-Level Assessments

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karyn L. Biasca, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point; Steve Hill, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

AC 2011-1678: ASSESSMENT OF ABET STUDENT OUTCOMES DUR-ING INDUSTRIAL INTERNSHIPSDr. Karyn L. Biasca, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point Karyn Biasca is a Professor in the Paper Science and Engineering Department, where she has taught since 1989. She received her B.S in Chemical Engineering from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1981 and worked for Kimberly-Clark Corporation as a process engineer for three years. Finding the career paths available within the corporate environment unappealing, she returned to graduate school, earning her Ph.D. from the Institute of Paper Chemistry (Appleton, WI) in 1989. Her current research interests include the scholarship of teaching and learning, especially on

Conference Session

ChE: Departmental Issues and Integrating Freshmen into the ChE Program

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pedro Arce, Tennessee Technological University; Donald Visco, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

how they were used in chemical engineering. Eventually the pure water boiled at100 oC while the salt-water mixture boiled at 105 oC. A few students were selected to come to thefront and observe the thermometer. Finally, after the ice cream was sufficiently cold, the studentsremoved the one-quart bags and measured the temperature of the salt water solution. Many wereunder -10 oC. After this, the students were given plastic spoons and ate the ice cream that theymade.Class 7: Co-op Information DayAbout two-thirds of the students at Tennessee Tech in the Department of Chemical Engineeringchoose to co-op. A Career Services office facilitates finding these positions for the students andin setting up the interviews. During Co-op day, the Associate

Conference Session

Virtual and Web Learning in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard A. Davis, University of Minnesota Duluth

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

, adaptability). 3. Function well on a team. 4. Develop time and project management skills. 5. Apply knowledge to problem solving. 6. Gain hands-on experience with modern engineering tools and practices. 7. Practice effective business and technical communication skills. 8. Start networking and develop professional references. 9. Explore various career paths and refine personal career goals. 10. Exceed the company’s expectations through personal initiative and self-direction.This list of professional skills is not comprehensive, and is subject to modification, both in termsof the number and types of skills. We periodically revisit the needs of our students andemployers of our coops, interns and graduates as part of our process of continuous

Conference Session

Perceptions, Reflections, Collaborations, and Student Support in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Bradley Cicciarelli, Louisiana Tech University; Eric A. Sherer, Louisiana Tech University; Baker A. Martin, Clemson University; Marisa K. Orr, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Tennessee, Knoxville, both in chemical engineering.Dr. Marisa K. Orr, Clemson University Marisa K. Orr is an Assistant Professor in Engineering and Science Education with a joint appointment in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Clemson University. Her research interests include student persistence and pathways in engineering, gender equity, diversity, and academic policy. Dr. Orr is a recipient of the NSF CAREER Award for her research entitled, ”Empowering Students to be Adaptive Decision-Makers.” c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020 From Assessment to Research: Evolution of the Study of a Two- Day Intervention for ChemE SophomoresAbstractThis paper

Conference Session

Developing Communication/Teamwork Skills in ChEs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Sharp, Vanderbilt

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

/conferences/search/00091_2001.pdf. 3. Sharp, J.E., "Using Alumni Networking to Teach Technical Communication," ASEE 2004 Conference Proceedings, CD ROM, 8 pp. Online at http://www.asee.org/acPapers/2004-1005_Final.pdf. 4. Sharp, J.E., "Work in Progress: Using Mock Telephone Interviews with Alumni to Teach Job Search Communication," Frontiers in Education Conference Proceedings, CD ROM, 2 pp. Online at http://fie.engrng.pitt.edu/fie2006/papers/1253.pdf. 5. “Star Method,” MIT Careers Office, online at http://web.mit.edu/career/www/guide/star.html. 6. “Star Method for Selling Yourself in Interviews,” online at http://www.career.caltech.edu/resources/handouts/STAR_Interviews.pdf. 7. “Interview Skills,” online at

Conference Session

Design, Creativity and Critical Thinking in the Chemical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bill B. Elmore, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. Page 24.311.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Conducting Project-based learning with a large chemical engineering freshman cohort using LEGO NXT robotics AbstractThe focus of this paper is the use of project-based learning in a freshman chemical engineeringstudio environment.Perhaps at no other time in a student’s academic career will you find such a high level ofanticipation for learning coupled with an equally high level of curiosity about their chosen fieldof study. The challenge presented is to capture and direct that eagerness for learning whilemotivating students to persevere through a coming tidal wave of challenging course

Conference Session

Looking at the ChE Curriculum

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Annette Jacobson, Carnegie Mellon University; Rosemary Frollini, Carnegie Mellon University; Susana Steppan, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

level with my (more experienced) co-employees who work on polymers, plasticizers and detergents” • “CPS knowledge has provided me with a vocabulary that I otherwise would have no exposure to, and has allowed me to see a potential area for my career development that I hope to pursue with further education” • “It made adjustment on the job easier—I could pick up things more quickly and became more effective faster.” • “I know when I get a test result back what it means and how to interpret data” • “I’ve found applications to industry based on material I learned through CPS…I don’t think I would have realized or appreciated without that study”.We continue to receive similar comments from today's

Conference Session

Works-in-Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimia Moozeh, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO; Deborah Tihanyi, University of Toronto; Jennifer Lyn Farmer, University of Toronto; Greg Evans, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

isdefined as student beliefs regarding their competencies in regards to the tasks [34]. Task valuehas four components. Attainment value is the personal importance of doing well on the task.Intrinsic value refers to the enjoyment, which is a result of performing the activity. Utility valueis the relevance of the task to current and future goals, such as career goals. Cost refers to thenegative aspects of performing a task. This could entail the degree of effort required, anxiety andfear, and the lost opportunities that result from performing that task [34].Utility value is an important factor contributing to student motivation, which is often missing inundergraduate laboratory experiments. Students are usually not given explanations as to whythey

Conference Session

ChemE Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joshua A. Enszer, University of Maryland Baltimore County; Victoria E. Goodrich, University of Notre Dame; Rachel B. Getman, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

togauge student perceptions. The assessment is broken down into two parts: student ratings of theirpersonal abilities in the learning goals and student perceptions of the importance of these skills totheir career goals. The instrument consisted of Likert items using a scale of 0 (no ability or notimportant) to 5 (excellent ability or very important). A complete list of the survey items can befound in the Appendix. Surveys were completed as a part of a homework grade via Google Docswithin the first two weeks of the semester and will be conducted again at the completion of thesemester. Identifying information was recorded only so that the resulting changes in theindividual student perceptions and self-assessed ability could be compared pairwise.To

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Education: Underclass Years

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sundararajan Madihally, Oklahoma State Univ.; Marcus Duffy, Oklahoma State University; Lynn Franzmann, Stillwater; Rebekah Reece, Stillwater; Karen High, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

disinterest in engineering career by nearly 85% of 8 to 17 oldstudents [1]. A major reason cited by the students is the lack of awareness about engineering.As most students advance through middle school science classes, their attitude toward sciencebecome more negative and their interests decrease most in the seventh grade [2-5]. Thus, themiddle grades are a critical period for students, representing the period most beneficial toprovide engaging academic opportunities. With the increase in demand of qualified engineers,the lack of interest has been thought as future problem. There has been a significant increase in academies and workshops to provide an earlyexposure to engineering, which is recognized as a way to prepare K-12 for

Conference Session

Contemporary Issues in CHE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Krantz, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

. Center program direction3a. Taking Care of Number 1!In the author’s opinion you owe it to yourself to take a SAL for many reasons. First, a SAL will Page 14.1041.4be a milestone in your career to assess its future direction. The author’s experience at NSF in1977-78 was pivotal in shifting his research from energy into membrane science and technology.A SAL can provide access to unique research opportunities and facilities. For example, theauthor’s SL at Aachen Technical University (ATU) in 1981-82 allowed him and two of hisgraduate students to have access to the world’s deepest test of underground coal gasification thatwas being carried out in

Conference Session

Focus on Capstone Experiences in the Chemical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip H. Harding, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Engineering Education, 2011 Design of a Senior Laboratory Sequence to Guide Students in Multiple Academic Programs Towards Workforce PreparednessAbstractThis paper describes the integration of upper division experiential laboratory and project coursesin the chemical engineering, biological engineering, and environmental engineering programs atOregon State University. Student enrollment has doubled during this 5 year process. The year-long integrated curriculum is built around a theme of “college to career” transition and targets awide array of learning objectives. This paper focuses on three: experimental methodology,communication, and project management. It is demonstrated that the dramatic changes havebeen implemented while successfully

Conference Session

Chemical Engineering Education: Underclass Years

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Bullard, North Carolina State University; Donald Visco, Tennessee Technological University; David Silverstein, University of Kentucky; Jason Keith, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

associated with students who enroll inengineering programs. In particular Steele notes that “students who major in science,technology, engineering, and mathematics [STEM] seem to have additional transitionalconcerns beyond the normal developmental tasks.”43 She highlights specific concerns forSTEM students, including making the transition from high school to the rigors of collegework, questioning their choice of major, and integrating academic and career advising. Page 15.1096.6Chemical Engineering LiteratureIn general, the chemical engineering literature has four classifications of articles that wecategorize as developing or sustaining a departmental

Conference Session

New Trends in CHE Education II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Ted Lee, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

, with highest scores in the areas of data analyses and interpretationwith a mean score of 3.4. We correlated the laboratory rubric score with grades in the courseaccompanying each degree project element for which the rubric was utilized and found highlypositive correlations (r = .66, p 0.70 indicates reliable measure),trouble shooting confidence (α = 0.84), career encouragement (α = 0.71), career exploration (α= 0.72), satisfaction with college, (α = 0.78), and course anxiety (α = 0.78). Reliability statisticsfor each of the subscales were obtained by computing inter-item correlations. Page 14.24.10