AC 2011-993: COMPUTING-RELATED SELF-EFFICACY: THE ROLESOF GENDER, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, AND COMPUTATIONALCAPABILITIESCHIA-LIN HO, North Carolina State University Chia-Lin Ho is a doctoral student in Industrial/Organizational Psychology at North Carolina State Uni- versity. She received a B.S. in Psychology and a Bachelor of Business Administration at the National Cheng-Chi University in Taiwan in 2002 and her Masters in I/O Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in 2005. Her research interests include measurement and evaluation issues, individ- ual differences, leadership, cross-cultural studies, work motivation, and the application of technology on human resources management.Dianne Raubenheimer
were asked tocomplete scales measuring self-efficacy and anxiety at three time points that coincided withmidterm examinations. Multilevel longitudinal modeling (MLM) was used to assess theeffects of the assistive MLEs on problem-solving self-efficacy and anxiety. MLM was alsoused to assess effects of problem-solving self-efficacy (NTSEI) scores and problem-solvinganxiety (PSA) scores on student examination scores. Results showed a significant negativeeffect of CircuitITS on NTSEI scores but a positive significant effect of NTSEI scores onexam scores for both tutors. This research study provides results that are counterintuitive tothe proposed outcome suggesting that CircuitITS produced a reduction in problem-solvingself-efficacy among its
World Academy of Science and Engineering Volume 28. ISSN 2030-37409. Irizarry, R. (2002). Self-efficacy and motivation effects on online psychology student retention. USDLA Journal, 16(12). Retrieved September 5, 2008, from http://www.usdla.org/html/journal/DEC02_Issue/article07.html.10. Joy, Ernest H. and Garcia, Federico E. Measuring Learning Effectiveness: A New Look at No-Significant- Difference Findings. Journal for Asynchronous Learning Networks, Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp. 33-39, June 2000.11. Nitsch, W. B. (2003). Examination of factors leading to student retention in online graduate education. Paper – ED 7212 Administration and Leadership of Distance Education Programs. Retrieved September 5, 2008, from http
CT awareness among leaders andpractitioners, builds traction by relating CT to local goals, educational initiatives, or reformefforts, connects teachers to help them explore grade-appropriate implementation, and createsopportunities to practice CT learning activities.Related WorkMalallah investigated complications associated with adopting a U.S.-based STEM outreachprogram into the Kuwaiti educational system. The program focused on teaching CT viaArduino and Scratch to students in grades 6–9. Malallah used pre-post self-efficacy surveys todetermine increased CT awareness. Survey results revealed that, although students wereconfused about some CT concepts, their overall CT knowledge improved after the STEMoutreach program [19]. In a
utilizingseveral validated questionnaire instruments. The total number of questions for the instrumentwas 20, 8 for self-efficacy, 3 for task attraction, 4 for perceived usefulness, 3 for user-experience,and 2 for effort regulation. The instrument was administered at the end of the differenttreatments. In addition to the following questions, the research team asked the participants fordemographic information such as age, grade point average, gender, and current year of study. The questions that measured the students’ self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, and effortregulation were based on the instrument developed by Boekaerts [26] titled the OnLineMotivation Questionnaires. These instruments included questions such as: “How do you feel justafter
p=0.44 After N=29, µ=3.0, σ 2 =0.7 The statistical results of the UASQ prototype study also revealed that overall students’learning styles, self-efficacy, pre-requisite grades, number of attempts, and time duration withUASQs did not have a significant relationship to the students’ UASQ scores. This is possibly apositive outcome of the UASQ environment because regardless of the students pre-coursedisposition, they can be successful with demonstrating knowledge of SLE if they have unlimitedaccess and time with UASQs. Focus groups and surveys exploring the experience with the UASQs also were conducted.Overall, the students indicated that they really enjoyed working with UASQs for several reasons. • UASQs
andtutoring modules, the results in the research literature were mixed. For example, in anengineering course where e-learning modules were used, self-efficacy showed a significant lowto medium positive correlation with students’ learning but was not a significant predictor of post-test scores8.In another study, where students used web-based worked examples, self-efficacy did not mediatebetween the use of web-based modules and achievement as predicted. It rather served as acomplementary measure of learning performance predicted by the students’ use of web-basedworked examples9.Theoretical and empirical analyses of major determinants of self-efficacy in both educational andwork-training environments found both internal and external determinants of self
-survey measurements tounderstand how self-efficacy changed in terms of students modeling and simulation skills.Likewise, post-survey data was collected to understand how students experienced the MATLABLive environment. This has led the research to two research questions: (1) How did suchtechnology-supported scaffolded (MATLAB Live) modeling activity experiences impact studentself-efficacy regarding programming and computational modeling? (2) Based on student comfortlevel with programming (self-efficacy), how did students vary in their reported experiences ofMATLAB Live?BackgroundThe use of modeling is not new to engineering education, having been studied extensively withall levels and disciplines of engineering [3], [9], [10]. For this study
module of the rotation-based course RQ3: Does the rotation-based course impact career ambitions? RQ4: Do students in the rotation-based course see themselves as Computer Scientists and/or Engineers?4 Methodology & Data Sources4.1 Data SourcesA pilot study was crafted to monitor the impact of the rotation-based course on identified outcomes of interestduring the Fall 2020 semester using a pre-post-survey design. We build upon the work of a prior study (Erdil &Ronan, 2019) that tested the applicability of the SCCT theoretical framework and tested survey items measuringstudents’ career intentions (pre and post) and course satisfaction (post). Desiring to measure additional internalmediators related to self-efficacy and outcome
successfully increased women’s participation incomputer science through inclusive pedagogy in college classrooms [13, 14].Although there is increasing interest in learning computer science from both students and parents[15-17] barriers to accessing computer science courses in high schools still remain, includinglack of course offerings and inadequate technology [12, 15, 16, 18]. When students from groupsunderrepresented in STEM choose to enroll in an introductory computer science course, theyseldom find the topics engaging and relevant to their own lives [18-23]. The computing tasksthemselves might not be appropriately leveled, and if students face too much frustration at thebeginning of a course, this can negatively impact their self-efficacy in
such asenvironment, learner aptitude, and course design elements [2]. The distinct effect specific tostudent engagement and learning strategies could potentially contribute to student satisfaction[3]. Studies have shown faculty reluctance to accept online learning as a valid modality ofteaching and learning. Additionally, as recently as the spring of 2020, surveys identify a strongbelief among faculty that online courses will lead to lowered student performance [7]. Thisdisdain of the online experience is exacerbated by students’ lack of confidence, insufficientsupport, poor course design, inadequate feedback, and lack of instructor presence in the onlinelearning environment [8]. Shen [9] noted self-efficacy as the critical component
students. This study focused on a STEM outreach program for 6th–9th grade students with no previous CS skills. The program's micro controllers’ curriculum was used to test students’ capabilities for learning CT concepts, the program was translated into Arabic, and its schedules were adjusted to ensure that these changes did not alter the study significantly. Pre- and post-program self-efficacy surveys measured students' comprehension of CT concepts, but because this was the first time Kuwaiti students were introduced to this type of assessment, the students were confused about some of the concepts. Additionally, the students' acumen for the survey was highly influenced by their culture. Despite
participation with content-specific learning10. This belief maybe more prevalent among instructors with lower self-efficacy for teaching technical andcomputational content, as will be illustrated from a modeling perspective later in this paper.In this paper, we present causal loop diagrams that serve as explanatory models for the existenceof virtuous and vicious student engagement cycles11. These models serve as a guide forproposing professional development and implementation improvements for the future.Background: Modeling and Systems ThinkingSchools are complex systems with thousands of variables, feedback loops, social networks, andintelligent agents. They are difficult to predict and even more difficult to manipulate. It isdifficult to measure the
. For instance, Linet al. [19] used three different survey instruments. They captured students’ conception (i.e.,students’ mental representation of self-learning), approaches (i.e., ways that learners used mobileapplications to facilitate their learning process), and learners’ profile (students’ understanding ofthe application usage). Their study categorized students’ experiences and found a correlationbetween the students’ approaches to adapt mobile learning and their learning approaches.Another study [20] used different students’ experience constructs (e.g., perceptions, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention) as a measure to understand the students’ mobile learningadoption. Their analysis revealed that students’ experiences such as
students’ intention to pursue STEM career will be assessed using Social Cognitive Career Theory. Students will take surveys about their intentions to pursue career in STEM disciplines prior to and after participating in the ambassadress program. The model of Social Cognitive Career Theory accounts for the development and influence of students’ self-efficacy, expected outcomes, and interests in STEM professions.Indicator 2 Parents will respond to a survey regarding their conceptions toward STEM before the ambassadress program, after they attend the “Family STEM Night,” and after the ambassadress program. Success will be indicated by positive changes in parents
the Introduction to Robotics students conducted by Dr. NealGrandgenett, Professor of Mathematics Education at the University of Nebraska-Omaha (UNO),and Dr. Elliot Ostler, Professor of Education at UNO. The course instructor was not presentduring the focus group session. It was conducted with 2 weeks remaining in the course.Analysis of Assessment DataThe pre and post survey results revealed an increase in the students’ perceived technical abilitiesand measures of self-efficacy in the overall group of seniors at the end of the semester (questions11 – 14) compared to the subset of Introduction to Robotics students surveyed earlier in thesemester, prior to CEENBoT™ exposure. However, additional studies are needed todifferentiate the specific
of the assessment. While self-reflections are important components of experiential learning [4-6], positive self-reflections are significant components of the self-efficacy theory [19]. Here are some student comments: “That was such a good course offered. It was amazing,” “I loved getting hands on experience programming VR applications and doing the project as an individual, not in a group,” and “I liked the integration of VR and mechatronics and how we can combine the two to create applications that can help in that regard.” Question 8 was assessing the challenges students had in the course. Students did not have any problems with the VR concepts, only the implementation. Most comments addressing challenges were dealing with the EON
understanding of the DSP topics covered in lectures, which might not be a good direct measure of student’s understanding of topics. However, it shows a relatively high level of students’ self-efficacy which can improve learning performance9, 10. Students also supported the use of this platform for future DSP offerings except for one student who pointed out that the selected K65 board might be too powerful for most senior design projects. As noted in Section III, we are currently investigating a similar but smaller size MCU board (i.e., the FRDM-K66F development board) as the alternative platform for the DSP laboratory coursework. This board could be a better option for some senior design projects compared
ability. In addition, eachinstructor developed a set of learning outcomes specific to the course, and students weresurveyed on their self-efficacy with the outcomes both pre- and post course. The mid-coursesurvey contained 6 items identical to the pre-course survey. These items included comfort withvarious hardware devices, enjoyment of the tablet PC, and note preference and reference. Thepost-survey consisted of 14 items. Eight of the items were identical to the pre-course surveyaddressing comfort with various hardware devices, enjoyment of the tablet PC, note preferenceand reference, and confidence in learning objective ability. Additional items on the post-coursesurvey included those assessing technology used by both the instructor and student
opportunity asurvey was developed and implemented at the end of the spring 2007 semester. The surveyasked the students to answer a common set of questions, eight questions for each of the sixlanguages. Those questions included perceptions of relevance and perceptions of effects on self-confidence (also known as “self-efficacy”). The survey also asked the students whether, or not,they would recommend each programming language for use with future students. Although thesurveys were anonymous, standard demographic data was requested, and that has allowed simplecomparisons to be made not only between programming languages but also to compare theattitudes of women and minorities to those of white males (for this study, the responses ofwomen and minorities
experience through a course activity and, during the semester of thestudy, through a short survey. 2Course Page 26.1374.7 Figure 1. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle framing of course activities.III. MethodsDuring the fall semester of 2014, a study was conducted in an introductory computing course fornon-computer science majors. The purpose of this study was to measure the relationship betweenthe skills learned using the simulated environment and those demonstrated on the final Excelexam. This examination also explored student confidence, comfort, and self-efficacy forapplying the skills taught in the stimulation to a real-world environment
less than 3 indicates apositive attitude; the lower the score, the stronger the agreement with the statement. Shadedquestions of interest were significantly different for students using paper/pencil vs. Tablet PCs (p< 0.05).Survey Construct / Question of Interest Tablet PaperValue of being an engineering student 2.11 (0.38) 2.21 (0.53)Value of becoming an engineer 1.82 (0.50) 1.83 (0.61)Usefulness of course in achieving the goal of becoming anengineer 1.49 (0.39) 1.59 (0.47)Self-efficacy 0.51 (0.41) 0.62
- and post-self-efficacy surveys by Weese and Feldhausen [18], containing10 CT concepts (ALG, CON, DEC, IAI, USE, TAD, DAT, ABS, PAR, QUE). Instrument 3observed engagement and body language of the instructors and how concepts were deliveredthrough each session. Using a rubric based on Dr. Edward Desmarais’s presentationassessment rubric, using evaluation methods and the nine principles of good practice forassessing student learning [25]Storyboard-treeA storyboard tree is a technique to construct a MM by associate information based on amemorable story, promoting retrieval within the flow of a story. The idea of chaining theinformation as a story adopted from chain association method [2].Figure 1 presents a high-level overview of the primary
?" Research in Higher Education, Vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 87-102.14. Peng, H., C.C Tsai, and Y.T. Wu. (2006). "University Students' Self-Efficacy and Their Attitudes toward the Internet: The Role of Students' Perceptions of the Internet." Educational Studies, Vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 73-86.15. Tsai, C.C, S.S Lin, and M.J. Tsai. (2001). "Developing and Internet Attitude Scale for High School Students." Computers and Education, Vol. 37, pp. 41-51.16. Gay, L. R., G. E. Mills, and P. Airasian. (2006). Educational Research, Competencies for Analysis and Applications. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.17. Baytiyeh, Hoda, and Mohamad Naja. (2012). "Identifying the Challenging Factors in the Transition from
. R. Lee, "Effects of an examiner’s positive and negative feedback on self- assessment of skill performance, emotional response, and self-efficacy in Korea: a quasi- experimental study," BMC medical education, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 142, 2019.[9] Wikipedia contributors, "Pedagogical agent," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 21 December 2019. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogical_agent. [Accessed 2 January 2020].[10] Wikipedia contributors, "Chatbot," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 26 December 2019. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatbot. [Accessed 2 January 2020].[11] J. Weizenbaum and others, "ELIZA---a computer program for the study of natural language communication between
implemented once at two different schools.In this study, we focused on how student participation in the STEM+C projects helpedstudents develop CT and the impact of students’ STEM+C experience on their attitudestoward STEM learning. A student attitude toward STEM survey [20] was given at thebeginning and end of the eight-week program. The development of the STEM survey waspartially supported by the National Science Foundation and was well validated [21]. TheSTEM survey has three subject categories, Math, Science, and Engineering andTechnology (engineering and technology were grouped together into one category) andwas intended to examine students’ attitudes as well as self-efficacy related to STEM.Students were videotaped working in small groups for
have designed variousinstruments to collect data throughout this project, as elucidated below. Female middle school andhigh school students’ intention to pursue STEM careers is being assessed using Social CognitiveCareer Theory. The model of Social Cognitive Career Theory accounts for the development andinfluence of students’ self-efficacy, expected outcomes, and interests in STEM professions.Parents respond to surveys before this project and after they attend the “Family STEM Night.”Success will be indicated by positive changes in parents’ conceptions toward STEM across time.According to the feedback we have collected, most of the participating female students findrobotics interesting, and most the participating female students respond that
. Akpınar, “The effect of mobile learning applications on students’ academicachievement and attitudes toward mobile learning,” Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology,vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 48–59, Apr. 2018.[39] B. Tabuenca, M. Kalz, H. Drachsler, and M. Specht, “Time will tell: The role of mobile learninganalytics in self-regulated learning,” Computers & Education, vol. 89, pp. 53–74, Nov. 2015.[40] K. Moses, “Examining the Effects of Using a Mobile Digital Assistive Tutor for Circuit Analysis onStudents’ Academic Achievement, Problem-Solving and Self-Efficacy,” PhD Thesis, Northern IllinoisUniversity, 2019.
experimental study. International Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 24, Issue 1, 107-114.11 Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. K. (1991). A manual for the use of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). University of Michigan.12 Witt-Rose, D. L. (2003). Student self-efficacy in college science: An investigation of gender, age, and academic achievement. A Master‟s thesis, The University of Wisconsin, Stout. Available at http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2003/2003wittrosed.pdf13 SPSS 18.0 for Windows. 2010. SPSS Inc. Page 22.1513.1514 Morgan
has drawn even more attention to theunderrepresentation of women in computing. Women currently comprise only 15.7% of computingdegrees awarded, a proportion that has been declining in the past three decades. Some researchersbelieve that this is due to the fact that women experience lower perception of self-efficacy andhigher perception of computer anxiety (Ahuja & Thatcher, 2005; Venkatesh & Morris, 2000;Whitley, 1997). Many female students believe that traditional approaches of teaching computerscience are boring and uninviting (AAUW, 2000; Margolis & Fisher, 2002; Ashcraft et al., 2012).Therefore, gamification can be a potentially promising approach to enhance the engagement andenjoyment of computer science students. There are