Conference Session

Impact of COVID-19 on Design Education 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Mohamed E. El-Sayed, Eastern Michigan University; Jacqueline A. El-Sayed, American Society for Engineering Education

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #33998Achieving Capstone Design Objectives During Necessitated COVID-19 On-lineTeachingDr. Mohamed E. El-Sayed, Eastern Michigan University Dr. Mohamed El-Sayed, P.E., Professor and former Director, School of Engineering Technology at East- ern Michigan University. For over twenty years, he had served as a professor of mechanical engineering and director of the Vehicle Integration & Durability Laboratory at Kettering University, in Michigan, United States. He is a well-recognized technical leader in vehicle integration, vehicle development, op- timization, and validation. He is the SAE international Medal of

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kimberly B. Demoret P.E., Florida Institute of Technology

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Design in Engineering Education

-2021 to explore these questions. Though diverse inIn various educational settings, peer teaching and peer-assisted learning have been used as a way nature, they were united by the theme of students teaching and learning from each other.to promote student motivation and engagement and as a cost-effective way to supplementtraditional instruction [4] [5] [6] [7]. One strategy used in engineering schools is the use of 2019-2020 Capstone Design Project: Adding Arduinos to the first-year curriculum. Duringcapstone teams to design new experimental apparatus and develop instructional materials for the 2019-2020 AE capstone design cycle a faculty-defined capstone project with education as itsundergraduate teaching laboratories [8

Conference Session

Design Teams 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Swapneel Thite P.E., University of New South Wales; Jayashri Ravishankar, University of New South Wales; Araceli Martinez Ortiz, NASA Headquarters; Eliathamby Ambikairajah, University of New South Wales

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

undergraduate science laboratory classes," Journal of Research in Science Teaching, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 463-492, 2017, doi: 10.1002/tea.21373.[45] M. edx. "Working in Teams: A Practical Guide." Framework for Effective Teamwork Assessment inCollaborative Learning and Problem Solving (accessed 08/03/2021.[46] P.-N. Chou and C.-C. Chang, "Small or large? The effect of group size on engineering students’ learning satisfaction in project design courses," EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, vol. 14, no. 10, p. 1579, 2018.[47] L. Daniela and A. Rūdolfa, "Learning platforms: How to make the right choice," in Didactics of Smart Pedagogy: Springer, 2019, pp. 191-209.[48] K. D. McConnell, E. M

Conference Session

Impact of COVID-19 on Design Education 2

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2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sheng Lun (Christine) Cao, University of Calgary; Laleh Behjat P.Eng., University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

isgenerally defined as “education being delivered in an online environment through the use of theinternet for teaching and learning” [6]. There are two general types of online content delivery,being synchronous (instructor teaching in real-time) or asynchronous (content is deliveredoutside pre-defined lecture times) [7]. In the Department of Electrical and Software Engineeringat the University of Calgary, both types of online content delivery are being used to teachundergraduate engineering students.This shift to online learning has caused a myriad of issues for students, including resourceintensiveness [8], limited attention span [8], and absence of traditional classroom socialization[9]. Students are reporting higher levels of perceived loneliness

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Xinyue (Crystal) Liu, University of Toronto; Yasaman Delaviz, York University; Scott Ramsay, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

students under the remote leaning environment as aresponse to the COVID-19 pandemic. The MMTK has also shown its potential to be ameaningful teaching and learning tool more broadly in undergraduate engineering education.With some future development work, the MMTK can be implemented in other courses includingintroduction to materials science and hands-on mechatronics courses.References [1] L. Feisel and A. Rosa, "The Role of the Laboratory in Undergraduate Engineering Education", Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 121-130, 2005. [2] J. Ma and J. Nickerson, "Hands-On, Simulated, and Remote Laboratories: A Comparative Literature Review", ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 38, no. 3, 2006. [3] C. A. Jara, F. A. Candelas

Conference Session

Design Methodologies 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ulan Dakeev, Sam Houston State University; Reg Recayi Pecen, Sam Houston State University; Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Y. Luong, Sam Houston State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

transportation technologies in US waters. He was recognized as an Advisor of the Year Award nominee among 8 other UNI faculty members in 2010- 2011 academic year Leadership Award Ceremony. Dr. Pecen received a Milestone Award for outstanding mentoring of graduate students at UNI, and recognition from UNI Graduate College for acknowledging the milestone that has been achieved in successfully chairing ten or more graduate student culminating projects, theses, or dissertations, in 2011 and 2005. He was also nominated for 2004 UNI Book and Supply Outstanding Teaching Award, March 2004, and nominated for 2006, and 2007 Russ Nielson Service Awards, UNI. Dr. Pecen is an Engineering Tech- nology Editor of American Journal of

Conference Session

Best in DEED

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Andrew Katz, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Isil Anakok, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Umair Shakir, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Homero Murzi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

focuses on contemporary, cul- turally relevant, inclusive pedagogical practices, industry-driven competency development in engineering, and understanding the experiences of Latinx and Native Americans in engineering from an asset-based perspective. Homero has been recognized as a Diggs Teaching Scholar, a Graduate Academy for Teach- ing Excellence Fellow, a Diversity Scholar, a Fulbright Scholar, and was inducted in the Bouchet Honor Society. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Engineering Ethics in Engineering Design Courses: A Preliminary InvestigationAbstractEngineering design entails countless

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Imane Aboutajedyne, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez (Morocco); Yassine Salih Alj, Al Akhawayn University; Ahmed Aboutajeddine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez (Morocco).

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, in 2001, and the Master’s degree in electrical engineer- ´ ing from the Ecole de Technologie Sup´erieure (ETS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree in Telecommunications from the National Institute of Scientific Research – Energy, Materials & Telecommunications (INRS-Telecom), Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 2008. He served as a research as- sistant at the Telebec Underground Communications Research Laboratory (LRTCS) from 2005 to 2008, ´ and then during 2009 as a Postdoctoral Fellow at Poly-Grames Research Center, of the Ecole Polytech- nique de Montr´eal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Conference Session

Design Methodologies 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Madalyn Wilson-Fetrow, University of New Mexico; Yan Chen, University of New Mexico; Eva Chi, University of New Mexico; Abhaya K. Datye, University of New Mexico; Sang M. Han, University of New Mexico; Jamie Gomez, University of New Mexico; Andrew Olewnik, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

laboratories, and industry. In addition to research, she devotes significant time developing and implementing effective pedagogical approaches in her teaching of undergraduate courses to train engineers who are critical thinkers, problem solvers, and able to understand the societal contexts in which they are working to addressing the grand challenges of the 21st century.Dr. Abhaya K. Datye, University of New Mexico Abhaya Datye has been on the faculty at the University of New Mexico after receiving his PhD in Chem- ical Engineering at the University of Michigan in 1984. He is presently Chair of the department and Distinguished Regents Professor of Chemical & Biological Engineering. From 1994-2014 he served as

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Valerie Vanessa Bracho Perez, Florida International University; Anilegna Nuñez Abreu, Florida International University; Ameen Anwar Khan, Florida International University; Luis Enrique Guardia, Florida International University; Indhira María Hasbún, Florida International University; Alexandra Coso Strong, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #32970Mechanical Engineering Students’ Perceptions of Design SkillsThroughout a Senior Design Course SequenceValerie Vanessa Bracho Perez, Florida International University Valerie Vanessa Bracho Perez is a Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering student and Gradu- ate Research Assistant in the School of Universal Computing Construction and Engineering Educations (SUCCEED) at Florida International University (FIU). She also holds a Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from FIU. Her research interest includes integrating LAs into engineering courses, examining responsive teaching practices in

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Tania K. Morimoto, University of California, San Diego; He Liu; Cristian H. Tharin; Carolyn L. Sandoval, University of California, San Diego; Christopher John Cassidy, University of California, San Diego; Huihui Qi, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

include robotics, haptics, and engineering education.Mr. He LiuMr. Cristian H. TharinDr. Carolyn L. Sandoval, University of California, San Diego Dr. Sandoval is the Associate Director of the Teaching + Learning Commons and Director of the Com- mons Engaged Teaching Hub at the University of California, San Diego. She earned a PhD in Adult Education-Human Resource Development. Her research interests include adult learning and develop- ment, faculty development, qualitative methods of inquiry, and social justice education.Christopher John Cassidy, University of California, San DiegoDr. Huihui Qi, University of California, San Diego Dr. Qi is an Assistant Teaching Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace

Conference Session

Design Teams 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

David A. Copp, University of California, Irvine; Alejandra Hormaza Mejia, University of California, Irvine; Mark E. Walter, University of California, Irvine; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, University of California, Irvine

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #34035Team Formation and Function Decisions and Student Roles on DiverseEngineering Design TeamsDr. David A. Copp, University of California, Irvine David A. Copp received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Arizona and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Teaching at the University of California, Irvine in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. Prior to joining UCI, he was a Senior Member of the Technical Staff at Sandia National Laboratories and an adjunct

Conference Session

Empathy and Human-centered Design 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Gail Baura, Loyola University Chicago; Francisca Fils-Aime, Loyola University Chicago; Vincent Chen, Loyola University Chicago; Leanne Kallemeyn, Loyola University Chicago

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

from Loyola Marymount University, her MS Electrical Engineering and MS Biomedical Engineering degrees from Drexel University, and her PhD Bioengineering degree from the University of Washington. Between her graduate degrees, she worked as a loop transmission systems engineer at AT&T Bell Laboratories. She then spent 13 years in the medical device industry conducting medical de- vice research and managing research and product development at several companies. In her last industry position, Dr. Baura was Vice President, Research and Chief Scientist at CardioDynamics. She is a Fellow of the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE).Ms. Francisca Fils-Aime, Loyola University Chicago Francisca

Conference Session

Design Across Curriculum 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Matthew Lucian Alexander P.E., Texas A&M University - Kingsville; Rajashekar Reddy Mogiligidda, Texas A&M University - Kingsville; David Hicks, Texas A&M University - Kingsville

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

several different treatment approaches, such asfilter paper, sand, or carbon filtration for treatment efficacy. Two-inch PVC piping materialswere provided for the students to serve as their treatment apparatus. Figure 1 presents pictures ofthe silty water used as the treatment challenge, and student-created treatment devices.Figure 1. Water (silted) and student treatment devices for GEEN 1201 (Fall 2019).The treatment testing was conducted in the chemical engineering unit operations laboratory, andwas the first time the freshmen students had been in this facility. The treatment testingperformed by the students provided hands-on experience in basic fluids concepts. The studentsassessed their treatment efficacy qualitatively by visual clarity of

Conference Session

Design Across the Curriculum 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Caroline Grace Sawatzki, Saginaw Valley State University; Rajani Muraleedharan, Saginaw Valley State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

monitoring and green energy applications. Currently Dr. Muraleedharan is mentoring research on ’Multirotor Swarm for Autonomous Exploration of Indoor Spaces’ project funded by Michigan Space Grant Consortium. She is the author/co-author of 2 book chapters, 4 journal papers, 31 conference and symposium IEEE/ACM papers, and 3 of which has won the best paper award. In 2009, Dr. Muraleedharan was awarded the Outstanding Teaching Assistant award and also received her Certificate in University Teaching from the Future Professoriate program at Syracuse University. She is the reviewer of IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Neurocom- puting, and Systems and Cybernatics, Wiley Security and Communications networks. Dr

Conference Session

Impact of COVID-19 on Design Education 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Clarke Snell, Stevens Institute of Technology; Emil Pitz, Stevens Institute of Technology; Louis Oh, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

and the application of artificial intelligence in the design of composite structures. Additionally to his research, he has been working as a teaching assistant at Stevens. Pitz holds a Master’s degree in Polymer Technologies and Science from Johannes Kepler University, Austria.Mr. Louis Oh, Stevens Institute of Technology Louis Oh is a Design Laboratories Manager of Stevens Institute of Technology and a student of the Mechanical Engineering Masters program. Louis has 10 years of experience in CNC machine spindles, and his expertise includes failure inspection, spindle condition analysis, and monitoring using vibration signals and sound emissions. American c

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sonia Travaglini, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Helen L. Chen, Stanford University; Swetha Nittala, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Sheri D. Sheppard, Ph.D., P.E., is professor of Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University. Besides teaching both undergraduate and graduate design and education related classes at Stanford University, she conducts research on engineering education and work-practices, and applied finite element analysis. From 1999-2008 she served as a Senior Scholar at the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, leading the Foundation’s engineering study (as reported in Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of the Field). In addition, in 2011 Dr. Sheppard was named as co-PI of a national NSF innovation center (Epicenter), and leads an NSF program at Stanford on summer research experiences for high school

Conference Session

Design Across Curriculum 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Alan Cheville, Bucknell University; Michael S. Thompson, Bucknell University; Stewart Thomas, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

electrical engineering at Bucknell University. He is currently interested in engineering design education, engineering education policy, and the philosophy of engineering education.Dr. Michael S. Thompson, Bucknell University ”Stu” is an associate professor in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Bucknell Uni- versity, in Lewisburg, PA. While his teaching responsibilities typically include digital design, computer- related electives, and senior design, his focus in the classroom is to ignite passion in his students for en- gineering and design through his own enthusiasm, open-ended student-selected projects, and connecting engineering to the world around them. He spends a great deal of time looking for

Conference Session

Design Teams 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Taylor Tucker, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #33170Work in Progress: Exploring the Nature of Students’ CollaborativeInteractions in a Hands-on, Ill-structured Engineering Design TaskMiss Taylor Tucker, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Taylor Tucker graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with a Bachelor’s degree in engineering mechanics. She is now pursuing a master’s degree at UIUC through the Digital Environments for Learning, Teaching, and Agency program in the department of Curriculum and Instruction. She is interested in design thinking as it applies to engineering settings and lends her technical background to her

Conference Session

Impact of COVID-19 on Design Education 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joanna Tsenn, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #32640The Effects of COVID-19 on Mechanical Engineering Senior Capstone De-signStudent Self-efficacy and ProjectsDr. Joanna Tsenn, Texas A&M University Joanna Tsenn is an Assistant Professor of Instruction in the J. Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University. She earned her B.S. from the University of Texas at Austin and her Ph.D. from Texas A&M University. She coordinates the mechanical engineering senior capstone design projects and teaches senior design lectures and studios. Her research interests include engineering education and engineering design methodology

Conference Session

Design Teams 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Margaret Garnett Smallwood, University of Texas at Dallas; Robert Hart P.E., University of Texas at Dallas; Todd W. Polk, University of Texas at Dallas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #32609A Cross-disciplinary Investigation of Project Team FunctioningProf. Margaret Garnett Smallwood, University of Texas at Dallas Margaret Garnett Smallwood is an associate professor of practice in business communications in the Jindal School of Management at The University of Texas at Dallas. She teaches undergraduate business communication courses and an MBA communication course. Margaret earned her MBA from UTD in 2010, and completed her Master’s in Communication Studies from Sam Houston State University in 2020. She previously worked in public relations, journalism, and corporate communications for major

Conference Session

Impact of COVID-19 on Design Education 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kevin Schmaltz, Western Kentucky University; H. Joel Lenoir, Western Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

teaching. He teaches a variety of thermo-fluid and energy conversion courses, as well as design and professional component courses. He has coordinated the freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior project team-taught courses in the WKU ME program. He has presented a variety of conference papers on energy conversion initiatives and engineering design initiatives in education.Prof. H. Joel Lenoir, Western Kentucky University Joel Lenoir is the Layne Professor of Mechanical Engineering at WKU, and for 33 years has taught primarily in the mechanical systems and design areas of the curriculum. His industrial experience includes positions at Michelin Research and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, as well as extensive professional

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stanley Shie Ng, Biola University; Ryan Striker P.E., North Dakota State University; Enrique Alvarez Vazquez, North Dakota State University; Ellen M. Swartz, North Dakota State University; Lauren Singelmann, North Dakota State University; Mary Pearson, North Dakota State University; Grace Sangalang Ng, Biola University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

smaller universities.The added costs to staffing, research spaces, and enrollment challenges are barriers to starting arich course for aspiring students.One way to creatively support a Cardiovascular Engineering course at smaller, under-resourcedprograms is establishing collaborative relationships with other institutions. With the sudden riseof remote learning tools and the increased proficiencies in remote delivery, the bridge to developmulti-institutional collaboration has never been more accessible. While it is more common to seemultiple institutions collaborate on research, collaborative education can benefit all participatinginstitutions. The diversity of teaching and research experience can provide greater depth andoffer broader expertise

Conference Session

Making in Design Education

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Matthew Wettergreen, Rice University; Joshua Brandel

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

]. 2 An effective add-on to any instructional method are apprenticeship models, which offermany attractive benefits for educating students to build prototypes through feedback loops. Thecognitive model of situated learning—which apprenticeship falls under—engages experts totrain students (novices), often placing them in side-by-side working situations [4]. This format isconducive to the teaching of procedural techniques, such as laboratory methods, shop methods,coding, and culinary processes. Both the presentation of content and the participation bystudents are necessarily active and social in this educational style [5]. These types of instructioncombine explicit and tacit knowledge [6] and in doing so focus on the practice of what it

Conference Session

Design Mental Frameworks

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Devanshi Shah, University of Georgia; Elisabeth Kames, Florida Polytechnic University; Beshoy Morkos, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Research (ONR), United States Navy, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)] and industry partners [Blue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Sun Nuclear, Northrop Grumman, Rockwell Collins, PTC, Alstom]. Dr. Morkos received his Ph.D. from Clemson University. His Ph.D. dissertation was awarded the 2014 ASME CIE Dissertation of the year award for its transformative research on the development of non- traditional representation and reasoning tools for requirements analysis. Dr. Morkos was a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Engineering & Science Education at Clemson University performing NSF funded research on engineering student motivation and its effects on persistence and the use of advanced technology in

Conference Session

Design Methodologies 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Malena Agyemang, Clemson University; Cameron J. Turner, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

cognitive considerations.Dr. Cameron J. Turner, Clemson University Cameron J. Turner, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, is the founder of the DICE (Design Innovation and Computational Engineering) Laboratory, a part of the CEDAR Group (Clemson Engi- neering Design Applications and Research) at Clemson University. Dr. Turner earned his doctorate (Engineering Design) and masters (Robotics and Automation) at The University of Texas at Austin, and his BSME (Thermal-Fluids and Solid Mechanics) at The University of Wyoming. Dr. Turner previously was an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Colorado School of Mines and a Research and Development Engineer and Subject Matter Expert at Los Alamos

Conference Session

Empathy and Human-centered Design 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Greses Pérez, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Swetha Nittala, Stanford University; Carol B. Muller, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Engineering at Stanford University. Besides teaching both undergraduate and graduate design and education related classes at Stanford University, she conducts research on engineering education and work-practices, and applied finite element analysis. From 1999-2008 she served as a Senior Scholar at the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, leading the Foundation’s engineering study (as reported in Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of the Field). In addition, in 2011 Dr. Sheppard was named as co-PI of a national NSF innovation center (Epicenter), and leads an NSF program at Stanford on summer research experiences for high school teachers. Her industry experiences includes engineering positions at

Conference Session

Design Methodologies 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

James Righter, The Citadel; Joshua D. Summers, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

leadershipnetworks should be considered in addition to communication networks to understand teamdynamics.Limitations include the sample size and the frequency of observation. The nature of the casestudies construct limits the ability to determine the impact of specific design stages or activitiesthat can be controlled in laboratory experiments. Future observational studies can address theselimitations.Future research is recommended to determine if these networks develop or change through thelifecycle of the project team and the role of project design team size on network characteristics.Additional similarity measures can also be applied for additional insights. Research is alsorecommended to determine if the degree (leadership) and frequency of influence