Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan M. Hicks, University of Florida; Elliot P. Douglas, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

my own time to understand more or more of the topic than I learned in class so once you do that you can formulate a better idea of it.”Other traits were mentioned throughout the interviews that suggest that having certain traits, suchas being open-minded or flexible or having a strong work ethic or desire to succeed, makepromotion to engaged thinking much easier. Further, while the trait of confidence was rarelyexplicitly discussed, the way in which each student talked about his or her project throughout thesummer exhibited a perceivable growth in confidence that cannot be easily captured with a fewshort quotes, but nonetheless contributed to a likely increased tendency to utilize engagedthinking.Transitional (engagement inducing

Conference Session

Measurement Tools

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Ralston, University of Louisville; Cathy Bays, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

mathematics, science, and engineering, (b) an ability to design andconduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data,(c) an ability to design a system,component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic,environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability,(d) an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams, (e) an ability to identify, formulate, andsolve engineering problems, (f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility, (g)an ability to communicate effectively, (h) the broad education necessary to understand the impactof engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context, (i) arecognition of the need for

Conference Session

Service Learning Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cher Cornett, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

written communications as part of project planning and organization. • demonstrate an understanding of legal and ethical standards of the digital media professions.Students are made aware that success in the workplace often hinges on skills other than technicaland creative abilities. The value of the ability to produce well-written proposals, resumes, lettersand other professional communications, and to present effective and persuasive oralpresentations are emphasized, as is the importance of projecting a professional appearance and Page 12.109.4attitude. The necessity for networking with the professional community is also

Conference Session

Writing and Portfolios

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jung Oh, Kansas State University-Salina; Judith Collins, Kansas State University-Salina

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

encompassinglibrary instruction, computer literacy, critical thinking, communication, ethics, and lifelonglearning. The Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) defines informationliteracy as “the set of skills needed to find, retrieve, analyze, and use information”1 and presentsinformation literacy standards for science, engineering and technology.2 Information literacyenables learners to “master content and extent their investigations and become more self-directed, and assume greater control over their own learning”.3Lave and Wegner proposed that “situated learning” occurs within the context of a “community ofpractice”, a “set of relations among persons, activities, and world, over time and in relation withother overlapping communities”.4 They

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

3preparedness. As such, the primary research question guiding this paper is: How can wemeasure the global preparedness of graduate and undergraduate engineering students? In designing my instrument I used the same subscales of the teacher instrument andaltered individual survey items within the subscales to reflect specific engineering foci asrecommended by the National Academy of Engineering. This paper presents the pilot researchresults from implementation of the global preparedness index that I designed for engineeringstudents. The following seven subscales were utilized in creation of this global preparednessindex. Ethic of Responsibility: Deep personal and care concern for people in all parts of the world; sees moral

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Miller, Michigan Technological University; Leonard Bohmann, Michigan Technological University; William Helton, Michigan Technological University; Anna Pereira, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

The candidate has held leadership positions in student organizations or on project teams. Ethical reasoning 3.70 1.25 The candidate had a course in professional ethics and demonstrates an ability to see technological solutions in a broader context. Academic ability 3.62 0.76 The candidate has a high college grade point average. Prior work experience 3.59 0.94 The candidate has engineering intern or co-op experience. Multicultural experience 2.58

Conference Session

Understanding Student Behavior and Experiences

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Xinyue (Crystal) Liu, University of Toronto; Yasaman Delaviz, York University; Scott D. Ramsay, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

round of preliminary testing. This study has receivedResearch Ethics Board approval via the Research Ethics Office of the University of Toronto.An OpenBCI [15] Open Source EEG device was used for measuring and recording brain waveactivity. Eight dry Ag/AgCl electrodes were placed at Fp1, Fp2, C3, C4, T5, T6, O1, and O2positions based on the international 10-20 system. Two reference electrodes were placed on theears. Dry electrodes were used to avoid the need for skin preparation, including the use ofconductive paste, which is thought to be somewhat inconvenient to the participants. Data wascaptured using a sampling frequency of 250 Hz.Prior to the experiment, a set of baseline data was captured by participants performing four 3-minute

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason Tedstone, Clemson University; Karen A. High, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

of their classroom will be conducted and filmed on aday where epistemic issues will be discussed. This researcher will prepare clips of moments inthe lesson pertinent to epistemic belief, such as discussions of assumptions or ethical dilemmas(often associated with safety and process decisions). A second interview will then be conductedwith this faculty member to discuss what thoughts and motivations were associated with thesemoments. Interviews will also be conducted with three students from each classroom in order tosee how these lessons were interpreted by the students.For the first interview, the protocol will largely follow the process described by Montfort et al.(2014), featuring semi-structured questions centered around Hofer’s (1997

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Innovation Through Propagation

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan M. Lord, University of San Diego; Denise Rutledge Simmons P.E., Virginia Tech; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Pittsburgh. His research focuses on improving the engineering education experience with an emphasis on assessment of design and problem solving, and the study of the ethical behavior of engineers and engineering managers. A former Senior Editor of the Journal of Engineering Education, Shuman is the Founding Editor of Advances in Engineering Education. He has published widely in engineering education literature, and is co-author of Engineering Ethics: Balancing Cost, Schedule and Risk - Lessons Learned from the Space Shuttle (Cambridge University Press). He received his Ph.D. from the Johns Hopkins University in Operations Research and a B.S.E.E. from the University of Cincinnati. Dr. Shuman is an ASEE Fellow

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Innovation Through Propagation

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

from Purdue University. Her research is focused on identifying how model-based cognition in STEM can be better supported by means of expert technological and computing tools such as cyber-physical systems, visualizations and modeling and simulation tools.Dr. Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh Larry J. Shuman is Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Distinguished Service Professor of industrial engineering at the Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh. His research focuses on improving the engineering education experience with an emphasis on assessment of design and problem solving, and the study of the ethical behavior of engineers and engineering managers. A former Senior Editor of

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Innovation Through Propagation

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia J. Finelli, University of Michigan; Jeffrey E. Froyd, Texas A&M University; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Program Evaluator, the Editor-in- Chief for the IEEE Transactions on Education, a Senior Associate Editor for the Journal of Engineering Education, and an Associate Editor for the International Journal of STEM Education.Dr. Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh Larry J. Shuman is Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Distinguished Service Professor of industrial engineering at the Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh. His research focuses on improving the engineering education experience with an emphasis on assessment of design and problem solving, and the study of the ethical behavior of engineers and engineering managers. A former Senior Editor of the Journal of Engineering Education

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation in Engineering Education II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Rivale, University of Texas-Austin; Taylor Martin, University of Texas-Austin; K. Diller, University of Texas-Austin

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

archival publications on related topics. He is a Co-PI on the NSF VaNTH ERC on Bioengineering Educational Technologies. In this context he has been very active in developing new educational materials in biomedical ethics and biotransport based on the How People Learn framework. Professor Diller earned a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree cum laude from Ohio State University in 1966, followed by a Master of Science in the same field in 1967. He was awarded the Doctor of Science degree, also in mechanical engineering, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1972. After spending an additional year at MIT as an NIH postdoctoral fellow, he joined the

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation in Engineering Education I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelley Racicot, Washington State University; Charles Pezeshki, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

for a project is an important part of 0.91 0.98 + my engineering education. 2. Learning written engineering communication skills is an important part of 0.93 0.96 + my engineering education. 3. Considering safety, ethical, and other social constraints in my work is an 0.76 0.88 + important part of my engineering education. 4. Having the opportunity to integrate skills acquired in the last four years is 0.87 0.88 + an important part of my engineering education. 5. Learning appropriate corporate etiquette and a strong “customer” ethic is 0.85 0.86 + an important part of my

Conference Session

Student Diversity: attracting and retaining a diverse population of students

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ismail Orabi, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, to group work, to oral and written communications and to engineering ethics. Thecourse is required for all freshman-engineering students and a large number of non-engineeringmajors at the University of New Haven take it as a scientific methodology elective.Consequently, approximately 200 undergraduate students annually take the course in sectionscontaining approximately 25 students. The pre-requisite is college algebra. The course offered isan undergraduate introductory course in Engineering. The same instructor taught all sections.All sections covered the same material, and completed similar assignments.Course Outcomes: Students should be able to ‚" describe the various branches of engineering (civil, computer, electrical, industrial

Conference Session

Curricula of the Past, Present, and Future

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wendy Harrison, Colorado School of Mines; Ruth Streveler, Colorado School of Mines; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Arthur Sacks, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

integrate the social, cultural, ethical and environmental implicationsof their future professional judgments and their roles as citizens in varied and complex settings.”[1]. The 27 semester-hour program of seminars, courses, and off-campus activities featuressmall seminars; a cross-disciplinary approach (faculty from engineering and science disciplinesand faculty from the humanities and social sciences are regularly co-moderators of the seminars);and, opportunities for one-on-one faculty tutorials, instruction and practice in oral and writtencommunication, a Washington, D.C. public policy seminar, a practicum experience (internship orforeign study), as well as participation in the McBride “community within a community”approach [2-5].Circumstances

Conference Session

Research Methods II: Meeting the Challenges of Engineering Education Research

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maura J. Borrego, University of Texas - Austin; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Cynthia J. Finelli, University of Michigan; Lisa R. Lattuca, University of Michigan; Prateek Shekhar, University of Texas - Austin

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

investigation of the ethical behavior of engineering undergraduates. Journal of Engineering Education, 2012. 101(2): p. 346.10. Holsapple, M.A., et al., Framing faculty and student discrepancies in engineering ethics education delivery. Journal of Engineering Education, 2012. 101(2): p. 169.11. Burt, B.A., et al., Out-of-classroom experiences: Bridging the disconnect between the classroom, the engineering workforce, and ethical development. International Journal of Engineering Education, 2013. 29(3): p. 714-725.12. Finelli, C.J., et al., An Assessment of Engineering Students' Curricular and Co‐ Curricular Experiences and Their Ethical Development. Journal of Engineering Education, 2012. 101(3): p. 469-494.13

Conference Session

Self-efficacy and Emotion: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenefer Husman, Arizona State University; Katherine C Cheng, Arizona State University; Krista Puruhito, Arizona State University; Evan J Fishman, Stanford University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

students’ endogenous PIwould positively predict their positive emotions, and would negatively predict their cortisollevels. While research has demonstrated that cortisol levels in human saliva are goodpredictors of a biological response to stress and discomfort, few studies have explored theassociations between cortisol levels and positive emotions, specifically enjoyment, orfuture-oriented motivation, bringing significance to the current study. Page 26.1622.5MethodParticipants Our participants were recruited in an engineering ethics course at a public university inthe Southwest of the US. Among the 52 students in the in the sampled class, 31

Conference Session

K-12 Activities

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leilah Lyons, University of Michigan; Zbigniew Pasek, University of Windsor

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

case of online visitors, Page 11.584.6there is no practical way to verify their demographic characteristics. For that reason, wemust rely on self-reporting.In either case, we must be sure that we are collecting visitor information ethically. Inaddition to seeking permission from the hosting institution, we need to be certain that weadhere to ethical standards for data collection over the internet.11,15 According to theseguidelines, it is best if no personally identifiable information, like names and addresses,are collected. For this reason we decided against having the users enter a name, eventhough it would have been useful in identifying returning

Conference Session

Works in Progress: Facilitating Student Success and Inclusion

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie P. Martin, Clemson University; Samuel S. Newton, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

ensuring aspects of quality and validity ininterpretive research in engineering education for capturing the social reality under study17. Thisframework serves as a guide for both “making the data” and “handling the data” in qualitativework, establishing measures for process reliability and theoretical, pragmatic, procedural,communicative, and ethical validation17. An in-depth examination of our quality considerationsfor “making the data” can be found in our previous paper8. We are also currently developingquality assurance steps for “handling the data,” and will describe these steps in a futurepublication.Our qualitative research utilizes a one-on-one, semi-structured interview method8 derived fromMcIntosh’s “serial testimony” technique18,19. We

Conference Session

Model Eliciting Activities

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nora Siewiorek, University of Pittsburgh; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Natasa S. Vidic, University of Pittsburgh; Karen M. Bursic, University of Pittsburgh; Scott Streiner, University of Pittsburgh; Jeffrey Coull

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

J. Shuman is Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and professor of industrial engineering at the Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh. His research focuses on improving the engineering education experience with an emphasis on assessment of design and problem-solving, and the study of the ethical behavior of engineers and engineering managers. A former Senior Editor of the Journal of Engineering Education, Shuman is the Founding Editor of Advances in Engineering Education. He has published widely in engineering education literature, and is co-author of Engineering Ethics: Balancing Cost, Schedule and Risk - Lessons Learned from the Space Shuttle (Cambridge University Press). He

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching and Assessment Tools

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl Willis, University of Houston; Susan Miertschin, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

faculty mightconsider for instructional improvement.References[1] Canary, H., & Jennings, M. (2008). Principles and influence in Codes of Ethics: A centering resonance analysis comparing pre- and post-Sarbanes-Oxley codes of ethics. Journal of Business Ethics , 80, 263-278.[2] Carley, K. (1997). Extracting team mental models through textual analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 533-558.[3] Corman, S., Kuhn, T., McPhee, R., & Dooley, K. (2002). Studying complex discursive systems: Centering resonance analysis of communication. Human Communication Research , 28, 157-206.[4] Crawdad Technologies, L. (2005). Crawdad Text Analysis System version 1.2. Chandler, AZ.[5] Grosz, B., Weinstein, S., & Joshi, A. (1995). Centering

Conference Session

Teaching In and Through Design, Maker Spaces, and Open-ended Problems

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

James Larson, Arizona State University; Wendy M. Barnard, Arizona State University; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Darshan Karwat, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

assistant at the Tufts’ Center for Engineering Education and Outreach.Dr. Darshan Karwat, Arizona State University I am an assistant professor with a joint appointment in the School for the Future of Innovation in Society and The Polytechnic School at ASU, where I run re-Engineered, an interdisciplinary group that embeds peace, social justice, and environmental protection in engineering. I am originally from Mumbai, India, but feel equally at home in Michigan or Washington, D.C. (and now, the Valley!). I studied aerospace engineering (specializing in gas dynamics and combustion) and sustainability ethics at the University of Michigan. I then spent three years as a AAAS Fellow in Washington, D.C., first at the U.S

Conference Session

Curricula of the Past, Present, and Future

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Banzaert, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; John Duffy, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; David Wallace, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

the integration of academic subjectmatter with service to the community in credit-bearing courses, with key elements includingreciprocity, reflection, coaching, and community voice in projectsiv. Reflective activities helpstudents process their experience and gain insight into the service they perform, the concepts thatthey are reinforcing, and the connection between the twov,vi,vii. When S-L is used effectively inan academic class, students typically benefit in a number of important ways, includingmotivation for learning, teamwork, communication, synthesis of multiple technical concepts,understanding of engineering ethical responsibilities, and civic engagementi,ii,iii.As shown in Table 1, S-L can help educators to fulfill ABET Criterion 3

Conference Session

Project-Based Learning

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bernard David, University of Texas, Austin; Jill Marshall, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

isparticularly suitable for implementation in engineering courses because its benefits are consistentwith student learning outcomes specified by the Accreditation Board for Engineering andTechnology (ABET), specifically the following strands from criterion 3 (ABET, 2015): (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data; (c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability; (d) an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams; (e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve

Conference Session

Understanding the Discipline of Engineering

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Mazzurco, University of Queensland; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

is resolved in favor of students’ learning, increasing thelikelihood that partner communities are left with inappropriate and unusable solutions.6To address these tensions and make sure that communities also benefit from these programs,many scholars have proposed elaborate frameworks and philosophical commitments toinform the practice of humanitarian engineering projects. For instance, Amadei andcolleagues published a model comprising 10 guiding principles for Sustainable HumanitarianEngineering projects. 9 The principles stress the importance of following ethical andprofessional codes and collaborating with a wide range of internal and external stakeholders.Another model for HE is Engineering for Social Justice (E4SJ)10 which provides six

Conference Session

Communication Across the Divisions I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yupeng Luo, California State University - Fresno; Wei Wu, California State University - Fresno; Zhanna Bagdasarov, California State University - Fresno

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

member of ASCE, a member of DBIA, Green Globes, and National Institute of Building Science. He is also a board member of USGBC Central California Chapter, and a Senior Fellow of the Environmental Leadership Program (ELP).Dr. Zhanna Bagdasarov, California State University - Fresno ”Dr. Zhanna Bagdasarov is an Assistant Professor of Management at California State University, Fresno. She received her Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from the University of Oklahoma. Her research interests focus on ethical decision making in organizational contexts, trust repair between leaders and subordinates, and the influence of emotions in the workplace. She has published her work in such outlets as Journal of Business

Conference Session

They're Not "Soft" Skills!

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roman Taraban, Texas Tech University; Kristin E. Oliver, Texas Tech University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

interpretation of information, and are regarded as intricate andcomplex. Starkey and colleagues5 use the term information fluency to refer to skills, attitudes,knowledge, and a range of ways of experiencing information use. In the Engineering Scienceprogram at Trinity University, for example, engineering students “learn to access, understand,and evaluate information, use it ethically, and create new material (papers, presentations, or otherproducts) based on that information” with an emphasis on critical and creative thinking.3 Thedevelopment of information fluency involves incremental growth in proficiency.5 It requiresmore than a single visit with the school librarian or a couple of written research assignments.Within a demanding and supportive

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, & Critical Thinking 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan M. Hicks, University of Florida; Amy Elizabeth Bumbaco, University of Florida; Elliot P. Douglas, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

bedrock for engineering ethics,123 but also serve as a definingcharacteristic for success as an engineer due to the ambiguous and qualitative nature of problemswithin the field.124,125 As these problems are often highly contextual and yet decidedly unique,poorly structured and ill-defined (or ‘wicked’126), formal logic occasionally does not suffice, soengineers must frequently employ reflection in their judgment.40,127-129 Additionally, the virtualexperimentation of the design process, a critical element in many engineering disciplines,perfectly exemplifies Schӧn’s reflective conversation and other views of reflection.130-132 Andperhaps more importantly, a critical evaluation of reflection within engineering, as initiated byvan Gyn,66 may lead to

Conference Session

Thinking About the Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter H. Meckl, Purdue University; Marc H. Williams, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Carolyn Percifield, Purdue University; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Michael T. Harris, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Leah H. Jamieson, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

longer remain as it has for essentially the past 40 Page 25.1233.2 years. The subjects of globalization, diversity, world cultures and languages, communication, leadership, and ethics must constitute a core component of the overall engineering education just as physics and mathematics do.” [3, p. 87]The important role that engineering education plays in preparing engineering graduates of thefuture is emphasized in several scholarly publications4, 5. In [4], the authors explore the currentstate of engineering education and provide recommendations for improvement. In particular,they emphasize the importance of giving students a

Conference Session

Active Learning Methods in Action

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Ray Morelock, Virginia Tech; Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

the building collapsed similar enough that useful and the team had to come to an agreement comparisons are drawn. whose fault the collapse was. Followed Necessitates some form of debrief by a debrief on the social difficulties or reflection. associated with ethics-related engineering disasters (Lloyd & van de Poel, 2008). Feedback-practice Students practice the application of A digital game that gave students skeleton loop concepts or skills, get feedback code, asked students fill in the rest of the