Conference Session

Student Engagement in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Freudenthal, University of Texas, El Paso; Rebeca Gonzalez, Chapin High School; Sarah Hug, University of Colorado; Alexandria Ogrey, University of Texas, El Paso; Mary Kay Roy, University of Texas, El Paso; Alan Siegel, NYU

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. Preliminary evaluation results are encouraging – students from a wide range ofacademic majors find MPCT engaging and report that the analytical tasks were effective at conveying insightand decreasing anxiety towards foundational mathematical concepts. This paper extends prior reports on MPCT with evaluation results indicating that more than half ofattendees indicated increased confidence in the understanding and application of quantitative analysis tasksand detected differences in that nature of students‟ engagement with math in MPCT and traditional mathcourses. In addition, this report includes an overview of an emerging effort to investigate the integration ofMPCT into secondary school curricula.Introduction MPCT is integrated into an Entering

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alyssa Magleby, University of Utah; Cynthia Furse, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

communications systems in aircraft, including intra-vehicle MIMO performance. She has been involved in the Society of Women Engineers and the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers chapter government and activities. She is presently involved in the TA Scholar Program at the University of Utah working on a project to improve teaching and learning in her department.Cynthia Furse, University of Utah Dr. Cynthia Furse is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Utah and the Associate Chair for Undergraduate Studies. She is the PI of an NSF DLR project – Integrated System Level Design -- and an NSF STEP program -- Utah’s Engineers: A Statewide Initiative

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alka Harriger, Purdue University; Kyle Lutes, Purdue University; Jack Purdum, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Jack Purdum is currently an assistant professor in the Computer Technology department at Purdue University. He is the author of 14 programming texts and has research interests in methods in computer language education, image processing, and mobile computing. Dr. Purdum was also the CEO of a company that produced compilers, editor, assemblers, linkers, and other programming tools as well as a statistics package. Page 12.472.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Designing curricula to teach concepts and increase employabilityAbstractThe software development curriculum in the Computer

Conference Session

Capstone Design in ECE

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christina Howe, University of Evansville; Dick Blandford, University of Evansville; Deborah J. Hwang, University of Evansville

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

papers. Each student or team isrequired to present a professional quality poster about their project to each of the workingengineering judges. We typically have four judges and each judge spends about 20 minutes witheach student project. This gives the judges time for more in-depth questions and a betteropportunity to understand the design and implementation of the project.In the spring of 2013 we refined the rubric which the judges used and tied it to ABET outcomesfor the program. In this paper we present the course details, an assessment based on ABEToutcomes, and feedback on results from students and the professional engineering community.IntroductionCapstone projects are an integral part of an undergraduate engineering major's education

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victor P. Nelson, Auburn University; John Y. Hung, Auburn University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2012-3915: STRUCTURING A SYSTEM DESIGN LABORATORY COURSETO FACILITATE OUTCOMES ASSESSMENTProf. Victor P. Nelson, Auburn University Victor P. Nelson is a professor and Assistant Chair of electrical and computer engineering at Auburn University. His primary research interests include embedded systems and computer-aided design and testing of digital systems and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). He is co-author of the textbook Digital Logic Circuit Analysis and Design and a tutorial book on fault-tolerant computing. He has been Chair of the ECE Curriculum Committee, Coordinator of the ECE Graduate Program, and served one year as Associate Dean for Assessment in the College of Engineering. He is a

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marc McComb, Microchip Technology, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

these labs are formatted, how to use them and the learningobjectives or benefits to the student that each provides. One lab will be chosen and dissected, toprovide the audience with an insightful overview of the general format used. Future labs willalso be discussed, to provide the audience with a clear understanding of the direction in whichthis program is moving.IntroductionThe Internet provides an opportunity for both educators and employers to offerquality educational resources for engineering students. Introductory learningmaterials developed by a manufacturer can supply students with unique insightinto a technology or process that complements what is learned in the classroom.Microchip’s Academic Program has recently dedicated a section of

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R.F. William Hollender, Montana State University; James Becker, Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

, save for possibly a circulator will be used.Students will then be asked to compare their measurements on the system (range for a giventarget size/distance/velocity, minimum detectable signal, etc.) with appropriate calculations. Byhaving a fully integrated system, it is hoped that calculations will match reasonably well withmeasurements. To make this lab feasible the content regarding the Doppler will be moved toearlier in the semester and an additional Doppler board will be constructed. This board will befully integrated and will seek to improve the phase noise of the integrated VCO using additionalbias filtering as it is believed that phase noise associated with the VCO limited the performanceof the fall 2009 EE 433 Doppler system

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Burkett, University of Alabama; Charles Snead, University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Page 14.956.3into the project, 64% of students surveyed indicated that they shared at least one program theycreated with a friend or family member.11 This display of ownership for their programs wasconsidered a primary method for determining student enthusiasm in creative exercises.This same sense of pride was observed in the creative lamp experiment when one student’sgrandfather became involved in making and staining a wooden base to match the bassoon.Educators concerned with traditional engineering curricula and meeting ABET criteria haverecognized the importance of the design process in exercising creativity. Some institutionsincorporate design projects early in the curriculum.12,13,14,15 As an example, freshmen at the U.S.Air Force Academy

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angel Martinez, Kansas State University; Steve Warren, Kansas State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

asa $100 kit. The kit includes supervisory software written in Visual Basic that allows students tocommunicate with the board via the left and right channels of the Line-In port on a computersound card. Generally speaking, the functionality and resources on this board are restricted whenone considers broad use in an EE curriculum. For example, if a professor were to assign studentsthe task of building an audio filter comprised of a cascade of active filters, the breadboard wouldnot provide enough space. Additionally, for circuit theory and signals & systems courses, EEstudents would need access to an array of input waveforms in addition to audio, includingperiodic sine, square, and triangle waveforms. Because of the importance that modern

Conference Session

Course Transformation in ECE

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Karl Brakora, Grand Valley State University; Lihong (Heidi) Jiao, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

electronicsdevelopment staff have demanded that electrical engineering graduates support small-scalecustom electronic development efforts, and projects that previously would have been contractedare increasingly handled internally. The same developments that have driven demand for customelectronics in industry have made it flexible and affordable to deliver a project-based PCB designcourse in a single semester. Grand Valley State University (GVSU) offers an electricalengineering senior elective course covering project specification, software/firmwaredevelopment, CAD layout, PCB fabrication, surface-mount (SMT) assembly, circuit testing,remediation, integration, and packaging. Over the course of a semester, student teams design,assemble, test, package, and

Conference Session

Innovations in Computer Engineering Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bill D Carroll P.E., University of Texas, Arlington; Shawn N Gieser, University Of Texas At Arlington; David Levine, University of Texas, Arlington

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Random Access MemorySchematic capture and logic simulation Introduction to VerilogSwitches and displays Programmable logic devicesThe project is partitioned in to modules corresponding to functional components of the CPU.Each module was designed in lecture and/or in lab. More details on this are provided in a laterparagraph. Altera’s Quartus II design software9,10,11 was used to capture and simulate all moduledesigns. Some of the simpler modules were implemented using small and medium scaleintegrated circuits on solder-less breadboards. The more complex modules were implementedusing an Altera Cyclone II FPGA on a DE1 development board12. Completed modules weresubsequently integrated hierarchically to

Conference Session

New Developments in ECE

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saharnaz Baghdadchi, University of California, San Diego; Zoe Nemerever, University of California San Diego; Paul Andreas Hadjipieris, University of California, San Diego; Sheena Ghanbari Serslev; Carolyn L. Sandoval, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

appliedengineering situations (Bordogna, 1993; Springer et al., 1999; Singer & Smith, 2013). This isexemplified with the curriculum redesign at Maastricht University where a traditional lecturemodel was restructured to integrate courses with case studies and projects. This approachintegrated group-work that allowed students additional opportunities to practice and apply theconcepts presented in the course (Perrenet, 2000). In another example of engineering curriculumanalysis, Siller (2001) shared sample course exercises designed to measure critical thinking.Rather than presenting problem-sets or exams, the activities have multiple steps and opportunityfor reflection and articulating decision-making.In addition to the emphasis on critical thinking skills

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arlen Planting, Boise State University; Sin Ming Loo, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

portability. The course wouldintroduce just enough material from the C programming language that students could work withdevices at a low level (minimizing the overlap for the computer science students). This wouldalso give some ECE students their first exposure to the C programming language.Before updating the Microprocessors course, an experimental course addressing the usage of theC programming language for embedded applications was undertaken to investigate methods ofincorporating the C programming language in the electrical engineering curriculum. Theexperimental course included an accelerated presentation of the C language directed to specificcourse objectives. When it became apparent that some of the students were struggling with

Conference Session

New trends in ECE education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas Jacobson, Iowa State University; Thomas Daniels, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

departments. We have offered the workshop four times to a total over 60 faculty membersfrom around the United States. This paper will describe the workshop, the intended outcomes,feedback from the faculty involved, the curriculum, and future plans. We will also discuss issuesrelated to recruiting faculty, integration of faculty with different backgrounds, and ongoingfaculty support.IntroductionThe growing need for information security professionals is well documented. Few universitiesoffer a comprehensive program in information assurance and security. The end result is a severeshortage of graduates proficient in the technology and policy issues critical to the security of theinformation infrastructure. While several universities have started programs

Conference Session

Innovations in Power Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

vahid salehi pour mehr, Florida International University; Ali Mazloomzadeh, Florida International University; Osama A. Mohammed, Florida International University; Juan Francisco Fernandez, Florida International University; Javier Parra

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

integrated Korean Smart Grid System [11].The Energy System Research Laboratory at Florida International University is working onconstructing and implementing of a small-scale power system test-bed which has differentcapabilities for experimental research and educational purposes. This setup uses laboratory scaleof power system components in order to model the realistic behavior of a large power system. Byhaving this type of power system, engineers and researchers are capable to implement their ownidea about power system phenomenon in a practical way. It would be an excellent base not onlyfor innovative research ideas, but also for teaching power system engineering concepts tostudents who are interested to get an overall idea of power system

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark G. Thompson, Kettering University; Craig J. Hoff, Kettering University; James Gover, Kettering University; Allan R. Taylor, Kettering University; Michelle R. Pomeroy, Kettering University; Kevin (Hua) Bai, Kettering Univ

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

taught at the University of Michigan.To properly teach this curriculum with equal emphasis on theory, simulation and hands-onlaboratory experiences, would require the cross-disciplinary (electrical engineering, computerengineering, and mechanical engineering) development of an integrated hybrid vehicle powerelectronics laboratory. The HEV Green Mobility Laboratory is the outcome of this effort.The Green Mobility Laboratory has been designed to support hands-on undergraduate studentexperiments, faculty demonstrations, independent studies, and graduate student research projects.The laboratory opened for the Fall 2010 academic semester and was utilized in the first newcourse, Design, Simulation, and Control of Power Electronic Circuits for Electric

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education I

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Freudenthal, University of Texas, El Paso; Mary Kay Roy, University of Texas, El Paso; Alexandria Ogrey, University of Texas, El Paso; Ann Gates, University of Texas, El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

plan at UTEP (“CS-1”), a large fraction of incoming freshmen mustattend several semesters of preparatory “pre calculus” math courses. Most of these students willhave limited if any prior exposure to programming or engineering. The initial implementation ofour course was intended solely to provide an engaging first experience with programming, andfollowed Mark Guzdial’s “Media Computation” curriculum. Dr. Guzdial’s curriculum hassuccessfully engaged Liberal Arts students in programming through the creation of aestheticallymotivated multimedia projects. Attendees in pre-engineering and pre-professional programsreported lack of interest in these aesthetically- focused projects and requested more practicalprojects and assignments. The course has

Conference Session

Curricular Advancements in ECE

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Douglas W. Jacobson, Iowa State University; Julie Ann Rursch, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Educational Innovation Award in 2012 for his work in teaching information assurance to students of all ages.Dr. Julie Ann Rursch, Iowa State University Julie A. Rursch is an Associate Teaching Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engi- neering at Iowa State University. Her focus is on secure and reliable computing. She has been an integral part of onboarding the B.S. in Cyber Security Engineering and the minor in Cyber Security Engineering. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Building a Cyber Security Engineering Program? Begin by Cloning Your Computer Engineering ProgramAbstractIntroductionThe nation is facing an increasing need for a

Conference Session

Course Transformation in ECE

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renee M. Clark, University of Pittsburgh; Mohan Wang, University of Pittsburgh; Mohamed A. S. Zaghloul, University of Pittsburgh; Spencer Mark Sullivan; Kevin Chen

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

and their exposure to theassociated software tools. Eleven of 15 students said they were more engaged during the classsessions with active learning versus lecture. This paper will describe the projects used andvarious affective assessment results. The paper will also describe plans to formally connect thiscourse to student makerspace use and senior design projects to further integrate optics andphotonics into the electrical engineering curriculum.1. Introduction and BackgroundProducts that incorporate photonics technology include optical fibers and display technology,and these technologies are ubiquitous in today’s society. The significant increases in research,development, and job opportunities involving optics and photonics are raising

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Peyton Jones, Villanova University; Connor W. McArthur, Villanova University; Tyler A. Young, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Figure 1. The LEGO MindStorms NXT brick and associated peripheralstarget hardware, and finally to tune system parameters while the code is actually running on thetarget. This development cycle is both practical and educational and is widely used in industry.Specifically, these tools include MicroSoft Robotics Studio (MSRS), LabView from NationalInstruments, and Matlab / Simulink from the Mathworks. The Matlab / Simulink environmentwhich is arguably the most pervasive in the STEM community, is already tightly integrated intothe research activities and educational curriculum at Villanova University and other institutions.Simulink was therefore chosen as the design environment for the project.The use of Matlab and Simulink for educational robotics

Conference Session

Course Transformation in ECE

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie A. Claussen, Colorado School of Mines; Jessica Mary Smith, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

technology, energy consumption)  Define clear, achievable objectives for the development of a semiconductor device, articulate how these objectives are informed by CSR considerations, and develop sufficient criteria for assessing your design  Integrate social and technical considerations into your design of a semiconductor device for sale by a corporation  Justify their work to multiple external audiencesThere were three project deliverables that were turned in during the final week of the semester.These included a design memo written to an engineering manager, a summary of their work to beincluded in the company’s annual CSR report or website, and a presentation to Peach’s Board ofDirectors. The design memo needed

Conference Session

Active & Cooperative Learning in ECE

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahrasadat Alavi, California State University, Chico; Kathleen Meehan, California State University, Chico

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

requiredembedded systems courses in the curriculum, or an Arduino microcontroller.Prior to the assignment of the projects, the properties of several control algorithms werediscussed during the course lectures. Hands-on demonstrations of the algorithms wereperformed using a Quanser QUBE Servo 2 inverted pendulum. To continue this learning,students were asked to form small teams and to select a project from a list provided by the courseinstructor. Examples of three projects will be described in this paper. In the first project, acontroller was designed to optimize the performance of the wind turbine by maximizing thepower delivered to the wind turbine load. The second project was an optimization ofperformance of a motorized solar photovoltaic panel where

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

K. Joseph Hass, Bucknell University; Juliana Su, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

, a number of microcontroller manufacturers have adopted theIEEE 1149.1 Standard Test Access Port, more commonly known as a JTAG interface, to facilitateprogramming and debugging their processors. Software development tools have also begun toconverge into a collection of open-source point tools, such as a compiler and assembler, that aremanaged by an open-source integrated development environment. As a result, instructors caneasily provide a sophisticated development environment for embedded systems using tools andtechniques very similar to those used in industry, supporting a variety of microcontrollers for lessthan the cost of a typical textbook.We have used such a development environment in a microcontroller systems design course forsecond

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce Dunne, Grand Valley State University; Melvin Cooke, GE Aviation

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Page 13.367.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Design of a Hardware Platform for Analog Communications LaboratoryIntroductionIn the typical electrical engineering curriculum, analog communications is usually ajunior or senior year elective. Such a course typically focuses on analog radio, coveringthe topics of amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). Also includedis the study of noise effects in communication systems and other related concepts insignals and systems. Increasingly, the laboratory portion of an analog communicationscourse has migrated to simulation-based experiments using MATLAB1 or to quasi-simulation methods based on the capabilities of LabVIEW2. The

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education III

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University; Yuan-Teng Cheng, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

that self-improve based on the number ofstudent samples, and 4) an interactive graphical user interface design that includes with voice,visual, and other sensory devices.AcknowledgmentsThis material was supported by a National Science Foundation Course, Curriculum, andLaboratory Improvement (CCLI) grant (No. 0341287) and a gift from Rockwell Automation.Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are thoseof the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation orRockwell Automation.Bibliography[1] Asfahl, C.R., (1992), Robotics and Manufacturing Automation, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY.[2] The World Market for PLCs – 2007 Edition, Frost & Sullivan

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

L. Brent Jenkins, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

supported by Circuits I are developed and taught, work will be needed toverify the appropriateness of its coverage. When possible, surveys of stakeholders other thancurrent students should be conducted and analyzed to verify both course effectiveness andappropriateness of coverage. Stakeholders yet to be surveyed include instructors of subsequentcourses, students who have completed subsequent courses, industrial advisory committeemembers, alumni, and employers of program graduates.ConclusionDetails have been presented about a circuits lecture/lab course that is able to serve as both thesole circuits course in a mechatronics engineering program and as the first of a two-semestercircuits sequence in an electrical engineering curriculum. Analysis of a

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stuart Wentworth, Auburn University; S. Hossein Mousavinezhad, Idaho State University; Mani Mina, Iowa State University; Wei PAN, Idaho State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2010-821: ENHANCING ELECTROMAGNETICS INSTRUCTION USINGMATLAB AND MATHCADStuart Wentworth, Auburn University Stu Wentworth received his Electrical Engineering doctorate from the University of Texas, Austin, in 1990. Since then he has been with Auburn University’s Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, specializing in electromagnetics and microelectronics. He has authored a pair of undergraduate electromagnetics texts, and has won several awards related to teaching. He is a long-standing member of his department’s curriculum and assessment committee.S. Hossein Mousavinezhad, Idaho State University Dr. Mousavinezhad is an active member of IEEE and ASEE having chaired sessions in

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yakov Cherner, ATeL, LLC; Amin Karim, DeVry University; Ahmed Khan, DeVry University; Gary Mullett, Springfield Technical Community College

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2010-2327: WEB-BASED INTERACTIVE VIRTUAL LABORATORIES FORELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING EDUCATIONYakov Cherner, ATeL, LLC YAKOV E. CHERNER, Ph.D., is the Founder and President of ATEL, LLC. He combines over 25 years of teaching experience with extensive experience in writing curricula and developing educational software and efficient instructional strategies. Dr. Cherner develops new concepts and simulation-based e-learning tools for STEM education that use real-world objects, processes and learning situations as the context for science, engineering and technology investigations. He also proposed and implemented the pioneering concept of integrated adjustable virtual

Conference Session

Laboratory Development in ECE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Prakash Ranganathan, University of North Dakota; Richard Schultz, University of North Dakota

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

, which can be integrated intoour freshmen engineering curriculum together with other outreach measures.II. NXT in Electrical Engineering course At the University of North Dakota (UND), we introduce the LEGO Page 14.4.2MINDSTORMS NXT kit as part of our EE 101 freshmen course. EE 101 is an 2introductory level Electrical Engineering (EE) course, where the students are introducedto foundational concepts and principles of Electrical Engineering. The students in thecourse have to use the NXT kit for a few weeks and to devise a group project on aspecific robotic design

Conference Session

Web-based Learning in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen Meehan, Virginia Tech; Joshua Quesenberry, Virginia Tech; Justeen Olinger, Virginia Western Community College; Kevin Diomedi II, Virginia Western Community College; Robert Hendricks, Virginia Tech; Richard Clark, Virginia Western Community College; Peter Doolittle, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. Page 15.636.7To use any one of the three software packages, the student and the instructor orGTA must have a digital camera interfaced with their personal computer. As allVirginia Tech engineering students are required to own a Tablet PC and all of theTablet PC models that meet the Virginia Tech College of Engineering’s specificationcome equipped with an integrated 1.3 megapixel webcam, the first cameraevaluated was the webcam integrated in an Apple Macbook Pro owned by one of theauthors. The second camera evaluated was a Logitech QuickCam Pro 9000, a stand-alone camera with 2 megapixel imager. Using Skype, the images received from bothcameras were of more than sufficient quality to resolve the components on theanalog/digital trainer and the