Conference Session

Trends in Energy Conversion and Conservation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed Monemi, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

student. However, some other software may be researched and considered. System Description Company Software Price AVL Automatic Vehicle Locator using GPS Q-GPS LAS 3100 $240 Trimble Lassen N/A IVR Interactive Voice Response and trouble calls NCH IVM $ 84 SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition FastTrak FTAlarm Free Demo FTDataWin CIS Customer Information System MySQL mysql Free Page 11.507.6GIS and FM systemsThese

Conference Session

Investigating Alternative Energy Concepts

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ignacio B. Osorno, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

) ௄்Where "்ܸ " is the thermal potential and it is equal to and “K” is the BOLTZMAN constant, “q” is the charge ௤of an electron and “T” in C is temperature, and "ܸ" is the applied voltage. 0 ‫ ܫ‬ൌ ‫ܫ‬௦௖ െ ‫ܫ‬஽ (2) ೇ ‫ ܫ‬ൌ ‫ܫ‬௦௖ െ ‫ܫ‬଴ ൜݁ ೇ೅ െ 1ൠ (3)The open circuit voltage occurs when ‫ ܫ‬ൌ 0 and therefore we obtain the following equations

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Energy Efficiency and Power Grid Security

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Dylan Kollmer; Saroj K Biswas, Temple University; Li Bai, Temple University; Arif I. Sarwat, Florida International University; Walid Saad, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, “Vulnerabilities in Two-Area Automatic Generation Control Systems under Cyberattacks,” International Symposium on Resilient Control Systems (ISRCS2016), Chicago, August 16- 18, 2016.[16] M. Sloderbeck, C. Edrington, and M. Steurer, “Hardware-in-the-Loop Experiments with a Simulated Electric Ship Power System utilizing a 5 MW Variable Voltage Source Converter Amplifier”, IEEE International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives Conference, IEMDC '09, May 2009.[17] Van H. Nguyen, Y. Besanger, Q. Tuan, C. Boudinnet, and T.L. Nguyen, “Using Power-Hardware-in-Loop Experiments together with Co-Simulation for the Holistic Validation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems”, IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, ISGT

Conference Session

Project-based Education in Energy Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Ieta, State University of New York, Oswego

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

was run at the end of the course (Table 1). The scope was to evaluate the subjectiveperception of the students relative to their understanding of energy-related topics rather than usingcomprehensive tests [9] as physics laws were I fact the real objective of the course. A comparisonbetween their pre-course perception and post-course perception was intended (questions 1 and 2). Also a Page 15.800.7relative self-assessment of their progress in this direction was addressed by question 3. Table 1. Exit survey questions Q 1: On a scale of 1 to 10 how important did you think energy conservation was before taking this

Conference Session

New Concepts for Alternative and Renewable Energy Courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig J. Hoff, Kettering University; Jennifer Aurandt, Kettering University; Matthew R. O'Toole, Kettering University; Gregory W. Davis, Kettering University; Steven Nartker, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

ment ning.and learnADM1 iss a system off first-order, linear, diffeerential equaations and algebraic equaations. Amoongthe phenoomena thesee equations describe d are the t chemicall reactions thhat occur duuring biogasproductioon, mass balances of cheemicals with hin the systemm, flow of mmaterials intoo and out of thesystem, and a levels off inhibitory quantities q (pHH, nitrogen, hydrogen suulfide, etc.). Some majoorquestionss of interest for the studeents would be: b what variiables and otther factors aare importannt tothe proceess of biogass

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 2: Solar Track

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Matt Aldeman, Illinois State University; Jin Ho Jo, Illinois State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

home’s volume to surface area ratio, which reduces the total amount ofheat transfer through the walls. The homes in Figures 3(m), (n), and especially (q) and (r) werebuilt into the ground to make an Earthen home. This also increases the efficiency of the home byadding insulation to the home’s walls and reducing the rate of heat transfer through the walls.The home in Figure 3(m) and (n) also featured a large rainwater collection system. The homes inFigures 3(a), (b), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (m), (n), (s), and (t) all incorporated a PV system.Considering that solar photovoltaics is a major portion of the course, and students gainsignificant lab experience working with PV system components, it is not surprising that moststudents incorporate

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Solar

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Walz, Madison Area Technical College; Joel B. Shoemaker, Madison Area Technical College; Ashley Jordan Scholes, Madison Area Technical College; Hao Jiang, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jessica M.S. Silva, Azelis; Jennifer Sanfilippo M.S., L.A.T., University of Wisconsin, Madison; Walter A. Zeltner, Microporous Oxides Science and Technology, L.L.C.; Marc Arlen Anderson, Imdea Energía, Madrid

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Conference Session

Developments in the Energy Laboratories

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Blekhman, California State University Los Angeles

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

operatingparameters of the engine, and complete the First Law analysis on the engine as an open system. Page 12.1001.5The heat loss from the engine to the environment which has a convective and a radiativecomponents is estimated as follows: ( ( Q& = A h (Tsurf − Tair ) + ε σ Tsurf 4 − Tair4 )) (1)where A (m2) is the engine surface area. The convective heat transfer coefficient h, the surfaceemissivity ε, and the

Conference Session

ECCD Technical Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alamgir A. Choudhury, Western Michigan University; Jorge Rodriguez P.E., Western Michigan University; Awilma Paola Ventura Lugo, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

). 𝑃𝑄 𝑒= = 𝐹1 (𝑃, 𝑄, 𝜏, 𝜔) … . (2) 𝜏𝜔To determine the variables that affect pump efficiency of the fluid system the variables that affectequation (2) were defined. Identifying that flow rate 𝑄 is a function of q = displacement volume,ω = angular velocity, µ = fluid viscosity, and T = temperature. In addition, the overall efficiencyfunction shown in equation (3) was determined by knowing that output pressure P is a function ofτ = torque, 𝑄 = flow rate, µ = fluid viscosity, and T = temperature. 𝑒 = 𝐹(𝑞, 𝜔, 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝜏, 𝜇, 𝑇) … . (3)In general, the efficiency of any pump system is a function of many independent variables

Conference Session

Sustainable Education and the Environment

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Omer Onar, Illinois Institute of Technology; Alireza Khaligh, Illinois Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

− − − IL VPV Cp − Q Vb Ib Vu / Vo Co Vc LOAD / Q4 Q2

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Best Papers

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandip Das, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

is the thermal voltage, which is equal to 25.7 mV under thestandard test condition (STC) which refers to a temperature of 25°C or 298K.2.2. Task 1 — Reading Datasheets:In Task 1, students were required to note down the manufacturer specified PV parameters fromsolar module datasheets, such as open-circuit voltage (𝑉𝑂𝐶 ), short-circuit current (𝐼𝑆𝐶 ), temperatureco-efficient of short-circuit current (𝐾𝐼 ), and the cell area. This is an important step before thesimulation models can be constructed. Only one solar cell’s data (Q-Cells; Model: Q6LMXP3-G3,Power Class: 4.53) was used for modeling and simulation7. This cell had the following parameters:𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 0.636V, 𝐼𝑆𝐶 = 9.15A, and 𝐾𝐼 = +4.575mA/K, and cell area = 243.36 cm2.2.3

Conference Session

Novel Applications of Computers/Software in Energy Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert McMasters, Virginia Military Institute; Michael Sexton, Virginia Military Institute; Craig Somerton, Michigan State University; Andre Benard, Michigan State University; Norbert Mueller, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, the programwill give correct results. For example, Table 1 below shows two possible systems of units thatcould be used. Page 12.942.4 Unit of Measure SI U.S. L m ft. o T K F k W/m⋅K Btu/hr ⋅ft⋅o F α m2 /s ft2 /hr q W/m2 Btu/hr ⋅ft2

Conference Session

New Trends in Energy Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kendrick Aung, Lamar University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

theproject in front of the class followed by Q&A session from the class. To achieve outcomes (e)and (h), the instructor asked an alumnus who is working in a chemical plant to give a seminar onindustrial experience. In addition, discussions of engineering standards such as HydraulicInstitute Standards, and use of engineering handbooks are utilized where appropriate to providestudents exposure to professional conduct and necessity of lifelong learning.Lessons Learned There were 15 seniors taking the class in the fall semester. At the end of the course, studentswere asked to provide feedback on the course materials and their usefulness for their professionalcareer as an entry-level engineer. Most of the feedback is very positive, and 90% of the

Conference Session

Miscellaneous Topics in Energy Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David C. Zietlow, Bradley University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

problems, heat transfer is either a given input or is a dependentvariable where the conservation rvation of energy is used to solve for this elusive quantity. In thissection, a basic understanding of heat exchangers (see Figure 3) is presented. A triangle is usedto represent one-side side of a heat exchanger. The hypotenuse of the triangle represents the heattransfer surface area while the sides allow for the entering and exiting of the heat transfer fluid. TL Q THFigure 3.. Schematic of a Heat ExchangerAssuming the students have already been exposed to the three modes of heat transfer and theircorresponding

Conference Session

Energy Education Courses, Labs, and Projects II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hamid Arastoopour, Illinois Institute of Technology; Mohamed Shahidehpour, Illinois Institute of Technology; Joseph Clair P.E., Illinois Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

reputation for his research in the areas of computational fluid dynamics, fluid particle systems, and fluidization. His computational work has shortened the time lag from laboratory- to commercial-scale for fluid/particle and fluidized bed systems. He currently serves on the editorial board of the Powder Technology Journal. He has received several AIChE awards includ- ing the Donald Q. Kern Award in Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, the Fluor Daniel Lectureship in Fluidization and Fluid/Particle Systems, the Ernest W. Thiele Award, and the Fluidization Process Recognition Award. He is also a Fellow of AIChE.Mr. Mohamed Shahidehpour, Illinois Institute of TechnologyMr. Joseph Clair P.E., Illinois Institute of Technology

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abed El Hameed El Madwar, University of Northern Iowa; Kenan Baltaci, University of Northern Iowa; Reg Recayi Pecen, University of Northern Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

. [Online] 2001.https://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/tech_validation/pdfs/fcm04r0.pdf.5. FuelCell Energy. Benefits of Fuel Cell Technology. [Online] 2011. http://www.fuelcellenergy.com/benefits-fuel-cell-technology.php.6. Elgowainy, A and Wang, M Q. Fuel Cycle Comparison of Distributed Power Generation Technologies. Argonne,IL : Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 2008.7. Pehnt, Martin and Ramesohl, Stefan. Fuel Cells for Distributed Power: Benefits, Barriers, and Prespectives.Belgium : World Wide Fund For Nature, 2003.8. EG&G Technical Services. Fuel Cell Handbook. Springfield, VA : National Technical Information Service, 2004.9. Wankewycz, Taras. [Online] 2011. www.horizonfuelcell.com/files

Conference Session

Digital Simulation Tools in Energy Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed Sean Monemi, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Systems Figure 3. Data Systems for a typical Energy Distribution NetworkTable below is a summary of some application software that was used in the course to aid thestudents in learning the materials related to the data systems. The prices are considered to fit thebudget of a typical student. However, some other software may be researched and considered. System Description Company Software Price AVL Automatic Vehicle Locator using GPS Q-GPS LAS 3100 $240 Trimble Lassen N/A IVR Interactive Voice Response and trouble calls NCH IVM $ 84 SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition FastTrak FTAlarm

Conference Session

Energy Education and Industrial Partnership Needs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick A. Tebbe, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

. Occupancy Requirements (e.g., existing building--building must be fully occupied for 12 continuous months as described in minimum program requirements) P. USGBC Policies (e.g., trademark usage; logo usage) Q. Requirements to Earn LEED AP CreditII. Project Site Factors A. Community Connectivity 1. Transportation (e.g., public transportation; bike storage; fuel efficient vehicle parking; parking capacity; car pool parking; car share membership [e.g. Zipcar™]; shuttles; carts) 2. Pedestrian Access (e.g., circulation and accessibility such as cross walks; ramps; and trails) B. Zoning Requirements (e.g., density components such as calculations -site area and floor area ratio; construction limits

Conference Session

Experiences in Teaching Energy Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Chanley, Northern Essex Community College; Michael Pelletier, Northern Essex Community College; Linda Desjardins, Northern Essex Community College; Lori Heymans, Northern Essex Community College

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

power to produce electricity. The first task is to provide a qualitative theoryof water power usage as well as a discussion about the impact of water power historically andlocally. This discussion is very productive because of the community college's location within anarea central to America’s Industrial Revolution. The curriculum also includes simple fluidmechanics and terms such as head, flow and diameter of a pipe. The quantitative section of thewater power activity is to discover the principles of the flow equation, [Q = 0.62 * (cross-sectional area)*(2gh) 1/2]. This equation is supported with handouts and worksheets thatincorporate problems for the students to solve. As water falls, it is a potential source of energy.The greater the height

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Conservation and Optimization

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David C. Zietlow, Bradley University; John Sullivan

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

9.2°C 1 Inputs at the optimum ACL=2000 [kW-hr/yr] Cuac=250 [$/m^2] i=0.03 [-] A c=1.80 [m^2] cue=0.15 [$/kW-hr] n=25 [-] A e=1.59 [m^2] Q dot,e=0.4 [kW] e=1.5 [-] U c=0.02 [kW/m^2-K] ccc=300 [$/kW] Cuae=200 [$/m^2] ETA=0.78 [-] U e=0.031 [kW/m^2-K] 2 10 100

Conference Session

CAPSTONE (SENIOR) DESIGN AND UNDERGRADUATE PROJECTS

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert McMasters P.E., Virginia Military Institute

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

from the cooling tower, so the following equations can be employed Q  mstm (h5  h6 )  UATlm  ma (h3  h4 )  mmu hmu (7)where mstm is the mass flow rate of the steam, U is the heat transfer coefficient for the condenser,A is the surface area of the condenser, and Tlm is the log-mean temperature difference of thecondenser. For convenience, and in order to make the equations solvable, the averagetemperature between T1 and T2 is given as being equal to T4, which would naturally vary with theother temperatures. The objective of the exercise is to generate a graph of powerplant efficiencyas a function of outdoor humidity for a given outdoor temperature. Since Equation (7) cannot besolved explicitly

Conference Session

Energy Learning through Simulation and Analysis

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David McDonald, Lake Superior State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

defined in the model using either P-Q load values or R-L-C component values.A three phase measurement block is used to obtain the line current (rms) and time plots of thethree-phase voltages and currents. This model was developed in a short amount of time, andcould augment a homework or laboratory activity. 6.099 signal rms 6.101 Vabc Scope 6.101 A

Conference Session

Electrical Energy Courses, Labs, and Projects II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hayrettin Bora Karayaka, Western Carolina University; Robert D. Adams, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Page 23.91.8 year. Transmission line right of way is not considered.  Simulation Studies (PowerWorldTM or Matlab/SimulinkTM)  Conclusion/Discussion  References/works citedIn order to expose students to the real world applications and help facilitate studentunderstanding of the term project, a senior power industry guest speaker from a local utilitycompany was also brought in for a classroom presentation followed by a Q&A session.There were total of three teams composed of 4 or 5 students. Team proposal highlights can begiven as follows:Team 1 Proposal Highlights (with focus on cost minimization):Towers Tubular steel construction with arms in delta

Conference Session

Project-Based Education in Energy Curriculum

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hassan Moghbelli, Ph.D., Texas A&M University, Department of Mathematics; Haitham Abu_Rub, Texas A&M University at Qatar, ECE Department

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

internal shunt resistor in the model, the current-voltagecharacteristics of a solar cell can be obtained from (1) and (2): Page 22.44.5 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Vancouver, Canada, June 2011 Fig.4. Simplified equivalent circuit of a solar cell (1) (2)Where, Iq is light generated current, Isat is the reverse saturation current, q is the electroniccharge, A is a dimensionless factor, K is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature in

Conference Session

Digital Simulation Tools in Energy Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert McMasters, Virginia Military Institute

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

      l  Pressure P V T Pi  i 1 i 1 i Ti 1ViTemperature Found by an iterative process by a pre-programmed routine to match Ucalc and U(T)Time  t 360( RPM )q Normalized combustion function of time shown in Figure 2.Ucalc Internal energy of the fuel/air/exhaust mixture from the previous step minus the work from the previous step.U(T) Internal energy of the fuel/air/exhaust mixture as a function of

Conference Session

Sustainable Energy Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Keith L. Coogler, Sam Houston State University; Ayhan Zora, Deere & Company

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, Minneapolis, MN.[4] Jeffrey L. Wieringa, Electric Motor Drive for A Boat. Patent Number: 5580287, December 31996. Accessed on January 10, 2011.http://www.google.com/patents?hl=en&lr=&vid=USPAT5580287&id=58slAAAAEBAJ&oi=fnd&dq=electric+boat+project&printsec=abstract#v=onepage&q=electric%20boat%20project&f=false[5] 3.5kW Hydrogen fuel cell assisted sail boat. Accessed on December 29, 2010.http://www.agoenvironmental.com/Under_development.htm[6] Solar Powered Electric Boats. Accessed on January 7, 2011.http://sunboat.com/history/history.html[7] General Dynamics. Electric Boat. Accessed on January 11, 2011. http://www.gdeb.com/[8] Duffy Boats. Accessed on January 15, 2011. http://www.duffyboats.com/[9] Nauticraft

Conference Session

Miscellaneous Topics in Energy Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Foreman, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Karina Clarissa Halim, Purdue University; Rajeswari Sundararajan, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

at which coal is converted into electricity, and has the units of BTU/kWhr. A pound ofcoal has a certain amount of heating value, HHV, which varies from 4000-15000 BTU/lbdepending on its quality and carbon content. The quantity of coal burned in the unit, Coal, resultsin a heat energy input, Q, given in equation (6). This is divided by the electrical energygenerated, which is the work done by the generator, W. Lower values of heat rate are better asthis indicates less coal necessary (less heat energy input) for a given amount of electrical energyoutput. Typical values for heat rate vary from the very good of around 9000 BTU/kWhr (38%efficient), to poor of around 11000 BTU/kWhr (31% efficient). Both BTU and kWhr are units ofenergy. To convert

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 3: Education Track

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jan DeWaters P.E., Clarkson University; Stefan J. Grimberg, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Food Waste at Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Retrieved 12/16/2020 from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/Why- Anaerobic-Digestion.pdf.[15] Edwards, J., Othman, M., Crossin, E., Burn, S. (2018). Life cycle assessment to compare the environmental impact of seven contemporary food waste management systems. Bioresource Technology 248(Q): 156-173. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852417309744.[16] Food Waste Reduction Alliance (2016). Analysis of U.S. Food Waste Among Manufacturers, Retailers, and Restaurants. Retrieved 12/16/2020 from http://www.foodwastealliance.org/wp- content/uploads/2013/05/FWRA-Food-Waste-Survey-2016-Report_Final.pdf.[17] Food Waste Project, City of West Lafayette. https

Conference Session

ECCD Innovative Teaching Applications

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hayrettin B Karayaka, Western Carolina University; Robert D. Adams, Western Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

classroom as wellas instructing students to watch online video modules ahead of face-to-face session. Interactiveproblem solving and Q & A still comprised a good part of the classroom activities.The following sections describe the new curriculum developed to support the power industry(Section 2), teaching the Power Electronics course for the first and second year (Section 3),course assessment, results and findings (Section 4), and Conclusions (Section 5).II. New Curriculum Supporting Power IndustryAt (…) University, the engineering and engineering technology curricula have been currentlydeveloping to support the power industry in the region. Specifically, the electrical engineeringcurriculum was selected to comprise two common fundamental

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Emery Mertz, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

into the project. These stakeholders included theMayor, City Engineer, President of prominent HOA, and the president of an environmentalaction group. Each of these fictional stakeholders had pre-described concerns with a power plantdesign as well as opinions about what a good power plant might do. These stakeholders weredesigned to have some points of commonality, but also points of disagreement on theirwants/needs for the power plant. Once the stakeholders were introduced to the project,documentation that described the requirements and criteria of the project were reducedsubstantially. The information they needed would now be determined by “interviewing” thestakeholders in a Q&A online forum. The instructional staff role-played as the