Conference Session

Engineering Management: Project Management and Partnerships

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Angolia, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

of competency ontools and techniques new engineering graduates need to “hit the ground running.” A review ofvarious student learning styles is undertaken and applied to the foundation theory of the KolbLearning Cycle to produce a balanced pedagogy containing an active learning component.Newly graduated engineers hired into manufacturing operations are often required to be projectmanagers, with the expectation that they demonstrate competency in appropriate practices ascalled for by the PMBOK and the EMBOK. These new hires bring tools and techniquestypically taught from text book curriculum mapped to the PMBOK and lecture based pedagogy.This pedagogy includes mathematical models which are generally presented without stressingconnections to

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jena Shafai Asgarpoor, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Yaoling Wang, University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

students, and design and delivery of courses.Pedagogical design strategies and delivery practices that are carefully planned for workingprofessionals must be considered to ensure success in achieving learning outcomes as well as fullengagement of the students with the program and curriculum. The right combination of advising,administration, technology, pedagogy, and content is required to produce an environment inwhich these non-traditional students thrive and succeed in achieving learning outcomes andobjectives and persist in enrollment and degree completion in a reasonable amount of time.Literature points to effective strategies for programs that cater to non-traditional students, bestpractices in asynchronous course design, and ways to prepare

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William J. Schell IV P.E., Montana State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Education, vol. 101, pp. 95 - 118, 2012. 4. R. M. Felder and R. Brent, "Designing and Teaching Courses to Satisfy the ABET Engineering Criteria," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 92, p. 19, 2003. 5. M. Borrego, C. B. Newswander, L. D. McNair, S. McGinnis, and M. C. Paretti, "Using Concept Maps to Assess Interdisciplinary Integration of Green Engineering Knowledge," Advances in Engineering Education, vol. Winter, p. 26, 2009. 6. M. W. Roberts, C. Haden, M. K. Thompson, and P. J. Parker, "Assessment of Systems Learning in an Undergraduate Civil Engineering Course using Concept Maps," presented at the ASEE Annual Conference and Expostion, Indianapolis, IN, 2014. 7. G. Starns and M. Hagge, "Quantifying

Conference Session

IE and EM Program Innovation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Jinkins, University of Wisconsin-Platteville; Jill Clough, University of Wisconsin-Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Page 12.1154.2 Safety management Communication skills Ethical decision making Team skills Professional development and responsibility Career planningAlthough these are covered in many other courses in the curriculum, the engineeringManagement course provides an important aspect of the education in each vital area thatcould not be slighted in coverage.Coverage, however, did not require use of lecture, written assignment, and exams. Infact, more memorable mechanisms would be preferred. It was determined that acombination of pedagogical techniques could be used to advantage and a syllabusconstructed that relied heavily on: Class discussion Case studies Independent and group research and

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Management / IE and EM Program Mangement / Engineering Management Program Management

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rose Mary Cordova-Wentling, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign; Raymond Price, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

regarding the need to modify the engineering curriculum in order to betterprepare engineering graduates to face the new challenges that the current engineeringenvironment presented. In 1994, “industry and academe realized that their concerns were thesame, [therefore] they began to mobilize through ABET, the organization responsible for settingthe standards of engineering education” (ABET, 2004, p. 1). As a result, the AccreditationBoard for Engineering and Technology (ABET) acknowledged this call from industry andeducational leaders, and started working towards changing the standards of engineeringeducation in order to guarantee that engineering students not only have an education in thetechnical disciplines of engineering but also in human

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education and K-12

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fernando Garcia Gonzalez, Texas A&M International University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

: Calculon’s AutoCAD design. Page 25.1231.12The Systems Engineering ExperienceThe complexity of the vehicle system necessitates the use of systems engineering to integrate allthe individual components, to design the overall system, to consider the complete life cycle, andto coordinate and oversee the project and its team members. The experience gained is self-regulated in that if the team fails the systems engineering, the complexity of the vehicle is suchthat they will most likely perform poorly at the competition. Winning or performing well at thecompletion is what motivates the students to implement solid systems engineering principles. Forexample an inconsistency between the units used in two

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel A. Malachowsky, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

elements so core to project management as both a leader and a team member.This paper describes an innovative approach to using project managers (PMs) in the classroomthat has had measured effects in several areas, including individual student participation, groupproject disposition, and in-class presentations. Results have been encouraging, with studentfeedback (from both PMs and group members) indicating positive effects on interest in the fieldand application of project management, improved group dynamics, and more individualparticipation in the outcome of group projects.Specifically included in the paper are examples of PM inclusion in both the class curriculum andmain project from beginning to end and how they have been applied to a process

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Quamrul H. Mazumder, University of Michigan, Flint

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Education, 2014 Applying Six Sigma in Higher Education Quality ImprovementAbstractQuality in higher education became an important issue due to ever increasing demand bystakeholders and competitive environment. Although six sigma has been successfully used inproduct and service improvement in the business environment, the concept has not been adaptedin higher education. To improve understanding of how six sigma can be used for highereducation process improvement toward achievement of quality, a number of models arepresented. Six sigma principles such as process improvement, reducing waste and continuousimprovement aligns closely with the mission of higher education institutions and accreditationagencies. Using six sigma tools such as

Conference Session

Engineering Management Applications

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Jimmy Gandhi, Stevens Institute of Technology; Alex Gorod, Visiting Fellow, University of Adelaide

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

currently included course. An example would be to discuss systemic risk concepts as a subsection of a course on risk management or as a section of a project management course. It could be further included as part of a systems integration course or as an introductory course to systems engineering or complex systems.d. The American Society of Engineering Management (ASEM) could consider making systemic risk a topic in the ASEM certification curriculum. Engineering Managers should be tested on the subject through especially identified scenarios/case studies of complex systems with a series of questions on how to manage the system and mitigate the overall risk associated with it.e. Systemic Risk could be included as a topic in the ASEM

Conference Session

Programs and Pedagogies

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Elizandro, Tennessee Technological University; Angelo A. Volpe, Tennessee Technological University; David H. Huddleston, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

of shared governance is faculty applying their competency in curriculum, tenure,and promotion in the context of prescribed rights and responsibilities.By tradition, the university role of the faculty senate has been deliberative and advisory. In theproposed environment, the faculty senate provides a platform for leveraging faculty’s role inshared governance by engaging in institutional planning and strategic effectiveness.Organizations have used crowdsourcing [4] asa source of assistance from internet users withproblem solving. In a regional universityenvironment, crowdsourcing could be utilizedas an open call to all stakeholders with domainspecific knowledge on a topic for assistancewith planning and strategic effectiveness.Stakeholders

Conference Session

Methods, Cases, and Directions

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph C. Hartman, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

common cash flow analysis calculations. However, as this isunlikely in the near future, it is suggested that this type of information be relegated to review orprep sessions for the test. The author runs these types of sessions each semester for studentspreparing for the exam. The argument here is that if students have successfully completed anengineering economy course that has pushed them to analyze the risk(s) of a project, they willfind it easy to learn how to use the factors in a timely manner for an exam.Curriculum ReplacementWith the reduction of coverage of financial mathematics, time in the curriculum can be focusedon tools for making good financial investment decisions, such as cash flow estimation, riskanalysis and multi-attribute

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology; Anirban Ganguly, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

(Kocaoglu, 1984) and currently, there are probably more than100 universities in the US offering an undergraduate and / or graduate programs in EM. EMprograms are generally embedded within the departments of industrial engineering or systemsengineering, depending on the universities (Farr and Kotnour, 2005). However, in order to reflectthe gradual shift from manufacturing to turn-key systems integrators in a global economicenvironment, many universities have aligned their EM programs with their systems engineeringprogram (Farr and Beude, 2003).Research Model and MethodologyThe objective of the research is to revisit and update the graduate EM program at Stevens inorder to make it more appealing to both the students and the industry employers alike

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education and K-12

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles S. Wasson, Wasson Strategics, LLC

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

engineeringeducation is strong on imparting some kinds of knowledge, it is not very effective in preparingstudents to integrate their knowledge, skills, and identity as developing professions … In theengineering science and technology courses, the tradition of putting theory before practice andthe effort to cover technical knowledge comprehensively allow little opportunity for students tohave the kind of deep learning experiences that mirror professional practice and problemsolving.”Development of Systems Thinking SkillsSince “systems thinking” skills are an integral part of Systems Engineering attributes, Davidzand Nightingale [21] provide research data concerning the levels of significance of experientiallearning.Integration of Systems Engineering Courses

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education and K-12

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eva Andrijcic, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

andmanagement present important aspects of systems engineering, and they were chosen as thefocus of an eight-day long class designed for three cohorts of 9-11th grade students attending anacademic summer camp. The aim of the class was to provide students with the knowledge andskills necessary to systematically identify possible sources of risk and ways to manage them, andin such a way to prepare them to become more critical problem solvers in the world of complexissues. The underlying idea that guided curriculum development was that students might learnbetter when they are able to apply what they learn in the classroom to everyday life, or toproblems that are of interest to them. Thus, the area of risk assessment and management waschosen as appropriate

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brian Aufderheide, Hampton University; Otsebele E. Nare, Hampton University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

25 new courses. He has supervised over 35 Industrial Design Projects. He is a returned Peace Corps Volunteer. He is dedicated in helping his students to succeed.Dr. Otsebele E Nare, Hampton University Otsebele Nare is an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at Hampton University, VA. He received his electrical engineering doctorate from Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, in 2005. His research interests include System Level Synthesis Techniques, Multi-Objective Optimization, Device Modeling and K-16 Integrative STEM education. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Work in Progress: Engineering Economy Taught Across

Conference Session

Engineering Management: Supply Chain, Systems Thinking, and Lean Initiatives

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ekaterina Koromyslova, South Dakota State University; Byron G. Garry, South Dakota State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Paper ID #14739Problem-based Learning in a Supply Chain Management CourseDr. Ekaterina Koromyslova, South Dakota State University Ekaterina Koromyslova is an Assistant Professor in Operations Management at South Dakota State Uni- versity. She holds PhD in Economics and two MS degrees in Business Economics and Operations Man- agement. She has over five years of college teaching work experience in Operations Management and Supply Chain Management fields. Her industry experience is an analyst-consultant in business processes improvement area for manufacturing companies and a deputy head of a customer service department in a

Conference Session

Assessment and Accreditation in Engineering Management

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David S. Cochran, Southern Methodist University and Meijo University; Makoto Kawada, Meijo University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, Doubleday, 1990.4 Cochran, D. S., “Enterprise Engineering, Creating Sustainable Systems with Collective System Design:Part II,” The Journal of RMS in Systems Engineering, Spring Journal, 2010.5 Ohno, T., Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production, Productivity Press, 1988.6 Monden, Y., Toyota Production System: An Integrated Approach to Just-In-Time, CRC Press, Taylorand Francis, 3ed., 2012.7 Cochran, D. S., Duda, J., Linck, J., and Arinez, J., “The Manufacturing System Design Decomposition,”SME Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 20, No. 6. (2000/2001).8 Hopp, W. and Spearman, M., Factory Physics, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2nd, 2000.9 Forrester, J., Principles

Conference Session

Contemporary Practices in Engineering Management Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ivan Lidon, University of Zaragoza; RUBEN REBOLLAR, University of Zaragoza; Palle Qvist, Aalborg University; Juan Luis Cano, University of Zaragoza

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

14.1163.2Over the last decade, the growth of the project-oriented model has been spectacular, as theincrease in the number of certified professionals in Project Management worldwide shows 7. Theavailability of people with the appropriate skills in managing projects is a powerful developmenttool that should be considered at all levels of society.Project management as an academic subject is in its infancy, and in Europe there are now stillfew universities offering standard courses as part of their curriculum, it being mostly theprovince of business schools. The offer of training products at the university level ranges from30-hour courses to 120 ECTS (European Credit Transfer System) Masters. Most of theapproaches to training undergraduates, with regard

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Management Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lenisha Gandhi, IBM

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

engineering managementprogram could be based on. The course can provide a good learning experience for both noviceand current leaders. Infact, one approach that could be used to teach such a global managementcourse would be to focus it around similar case studies as the ones presented later in this paperand use such exercises to educate on the topic of the barriers in a global team. Such a coursewould make the class more interactive and would instill the key points within the students. Interms of integration within educational programs for engineering managers, there are severalways of doing that.Integration with educational programsTeaching global management formally as part of an educational curriculum is one of the mosteffective ways of developing

Conference Session

Pedagogical Advancements in Engineering Management

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

collection of Unit Plans that integrate technology. 3. Models of meaningful classroom projects that integrate instruction in developing critical thinking skills provide the learners with an opportunity to enhance their knowledge. 4. Tools and strategies for developing one’s own exemplary technology-supported learning should always receive encouragement from the instructor 5. It is important to learn how project-based units can effectively engage students in meaningful work and promote higher-order thinking. 6. It is necessary to see how questions and ongoing assessment keep project work focused on important learning goals. 7. One needs to gather ideas from a collection of exemplary Unit Plans and design one’s own

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Management

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

AC 2010-1394: ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE MONITORINGMETHODS UTILIZED BY MANUFACTURERS TO BECOME MORECOMPETITIVEWilliam Loendorf, Eastern Washington University William R. Loendorf is currently an Associate Professor of Engineering & Design at Eastern Washington University. He obtained his B.Sc. in Engineering Science at the University of Wisconsin - Parkside, M.S. in Electrical Engineering at Colorado State University, M.B.A. at the Lake Forest Graduate School of Management, and Ph.D. in Engineering Management at Walden University. He holds a Professional Engineer license and has 30 years of industrial experience as an Engineer or Engineering Manager at General Motors, Cadnetix, and

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Management

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

included in theengineering and engineering technology curriculum. The findings indicate that American toolshops are using innovative technologies, updating machinery, and instituting new strategies. Thetool shops making this transition are the adaptors creating new competitive advantages byrevising their strategies to reflect competitive changes, offering products fitting into uniqueniches, supplying specialized customer services, and providing rapid delivery. The results fromthis study have been incorporated into engineering and engineering technology courses to betterprepare graduates for careers in engineering management for manufacturing based industries.IntroductionForeign competition has had an extremely negative impact on American

Conference Session

Frontiers in EM Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ertunga C. Ozelkan, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Agnes Galambosi, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

AC 2011-2554: PERCEPTION AND PREFERENCES OF FACULTY FORONLINE LEARNINGErtunga C Ozelkan, University of North Carolina, Charlotte Ertunga C. Ozelkan, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Engineering Management and the Associate Director of the Center for Lean Logistics and Engineered Systems at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Before joining academia, Dr. Ozelkan worked for i2 Technologies, a leading supply chain software vendor and for Tefen USA, a systems design and industrial engineering consulting firm. Dr. Ozelkan holds a Ph.D. degree in Systems and Industrial Engineering from the University of Arizona. He teaches courses on supply chain management, lean systems, decision analysis, and systems

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Management

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

occurring in the manufacturing andproduction sector. These exercises provided an immediate avenue for the direct application of thetopics under consideration. Page 15.493.11Case studies were also developed to put the student into a real-world situation where they have touse what they have learned to resolve the problem or issue. In each case, the students are to applytheir knowledge of improvement programs to the assigned projects and case studies; thenanalyze their effectiveness, suggest improvements, and implement them. Additional case studieswere developed from the study's findings and used as an integral part of the lecture anddiscussion sections

Conference Session

EMD Program Design

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip Gerhart, University of Evansville; Douglas Ramers, University of Evansville; Greg Rawski, University of Evansville

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

” portion of the degree requirements.From the beginning, we desired an EM minor that would be available to students in bothEngineering and Business. It was apparent that any such minor would need two completelydifferent tracks: engineers would need to learn fundamentals of business and business studentswould need the fundamentals of science and engineering/technology. Each group provided itsown set of challenges. For the engineers, the issue was how to integrate the 18 hours into analready crowded schedule (It was decided at the outset to attempt to design a minor that could beincorporated into the existing eight-semester engineering and business curricula – at least in idealcircumstances- rather than requiring an additional semester.) For the

Conference Session

Student Development and Assessment in IE Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Terri M. Lynch-Caris, Kettering University; Jonathan Weaver, University of Detroit Mercy; Darrell K. Kleinke, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

disorders, workplace layout, safety and health.The Industrial Engineering student typically takes at least one introductory course in ergonomicsas part of their undergraduate curriculum. Thus, work integrated learning is a natural fit due tothe presence of workplace features and discussions that necessarily happen in this type of class.Innovation is necessary as new workplaces and equipment are brought into the workplace withincreasing speed and complexity. Biomimicry seemed like an interesting application forphysical ergonomics problems since nature faces and adapts to numerous environmentalconditions and potential hazards.Bringing it All TogetherThese four fragmented topics – PBL, Innovation, Biomimicry and Ergonomics – are broughttogether in the

Conference Session

IE and EM Program Mangement

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Hagenberger, Valparaiso University; Peter Johnson, Valparaiso University; Doug Tougaw, Valparaiso University; Jeffrey Will, Valparaiso University; Mark Budnik, Valparaiso University; Kathleen Sevener, Valparaiso University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

disciplines. Prior to the 2000-2001 academic year,both the ME and ECE departments had an independent senior design sequence. In the summer of2001, these were merged by the ME and ECE departments, and this has continued to the present.The senior design curriculum change was motivated by a need to place additional emphasis ondeveloping student skills in product design and effective multidisciplinary teamwork. Muchcurriculum development at our university and others has focused on these skills since theintroduction of Engineering Criteria 2000 by the Accreditation Board for Engineering andTechnology. Additionally, multidisciplinary design and teamwork have been active areas incurriculum development at other universities.Each team of four to six students

Conference Session

New Trends in Engineering Management Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Galloway, The Nielsen-Wurster Group, Inc

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

societal context• a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in lifelong learning• a knowledge of contemporary issuesThe ABET EC2000 accommodates the ASCE “Body of Knowledge” discussed earlier.11However, while curriculums at many colleges and universities and corporations have beentweaked and even overhauled in some cases in response to ABET’s criteria, the quandary is howfast are the new approaches being woven into the coursework? In general, there appears to be afrustration on both sides that it is not happening fast enough.12ABET continues to work though these issues in order to better the curriculum, however, manyuniversities are still struggling of how best to meet industry’s needs. According to ASEE,employers want an

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ali Hilal-Alnaqbi , United Arab Emirates University; Sangarappillai Sivaloganathan, United Arab Emirates University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

courses in the MEM, chosen case studiesand their analyses and presentations and engagement in a team project. Out of thesethe first two were assessed on a formative basis. The team project and submitted caseanalysis were assessed on a summative basis. A table showing sample projects ispresented. Feedback obtained from a sample of the two past student cohorts indicatesthe effectiveness of the method.1 Introduction Capstones are integrative learning experiences near the end of a curriculum thatenhance student learning through reflection, application, and synthesis of previouslygained knowledge and skills throughout the program [1]. These gained knowledgeand skills allow the students to make valuable connections between theory they havelearnt and

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division 3: Teaching and Learning in Engineering Management

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Michael Sollitto, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi; Mehrube Mehrubeoglu, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

, backgrounds,and experience levels [5]. These activities comprising contemporary organizational life in theengineering industry make the presence of conflict ubiquitous [7] and the pressure tosuccessfully negotiate that conflict enormous [8]. Given the constant presence of conflict inorganizations [9], [10], it is no surprise that ABET emphasizes constructive communicationskills and effective team collaboration, of which conflict negotiation is an integral component, intheir student learning outcomes [6]. Acknowledging the constructive qualities of conflict negotiation for organizations andtheir members, creating and implementing conflict negotiation workshops for organizationalmembers can be an advantageous endeavor for organizations [11], [12