Conference Session

Enhancing Recruitment and Retention in Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beth McGinnis-Cavanaugh, Springfield Technical Community College; Glenn Ellis, Smith College; Diana Fiumefreddo, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, 1.2, 1.3)1.2 Identify and explain appropriate measuring tools, ≠ Use a variety of hand tools and machines to hand tools, and power tools used to hold, lift, change materials into new forms through carry, fasten, and separate, and explain their the external processes of forming, separating, and combining, and through safe and proper use. processes that cause internal change(s) to1.3 Identify and explain the safe and proper use of occur. (1.2) measuring tools, hand tools, and machines (e.g., band saw, drill press, sander, hammer, screwdriver

Conference Session

Addressing the NGSS, Part 3 of 3: Supporting High School Science Teachers in Engineering Pedagogy and Engineering-Science Connections

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Jill Rogers, University of Arizona; Beau R. Vezino, University of Arizona; James C. Baygents, University of Arizona; Jeffrey B. Goldberg, University of Arizona

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Conference Session

Broadening Participation of Minority Students in and with K-12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhao Chad Kong; Angie Martiza Bautista-Chavez, Rice University; Andres J Goza, Rice University; Rachel Jackson, Rice University; Kurt Kienast, Rice University; Sam Oke; Juan A Castilleja, The Boeing Company; Brent C Houchens, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering, Minorities in Engineering

the initial and final (DREAM Day) I.I.’s were included in theanalysis. Comparing the DREAM Day data from KIPP mentees to the control taken post-DREAM showed that mentees outscored non-mentees on all four questions of interest(Q1,Q2,Q4,Q5). Interestingly, non-mentees post-scores were significantly higher than menteespre-scores on Q1 (74.1% versus 54.8%) and Q4 (70.4% versus 50.0%), suggesting that DREAMmay be attracting mid or lower performing students at KIPP. Differences between non-menteespost-scores and mentees pre-scores were not significant on Q2 and Q5. 100 100 AHS 78.3 80.8

Conference Session

High School Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas Oppliger, Michigan Technological University; Jean Kampe, Michigan Technological University; Valorie Troesch, Michigan Technological Univeristy

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Conference Session

Engineering in the Middle Grades

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jade Mitchell-Blackwood, Drexel University; Manuel Figueroa, Drexel University; Chatchai Kokar, Drexel University; Adam Fontecchio, Drexel University; Eli Fromm, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

CurriculumAbstractAs the United States tries to remain technologically competitive with other nations the demandfor engineering professionals is expected to increase. Since the early 1990‘s, many K-12engineering outreach programs have been incorporated into middle schools either through hightech electives or in tandem with the State prescribed math and science curriculum with the intentof fostering student interest in science and engineering. In spite of both approaches the ratio ofscience and engineering degrees awarded annually to the college aged population in the U.S. isless than in other countries. Furthermore, the number of underrepresented minorities earningthose degrees is 12% according to the National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering

Conference Session

Thinking, Reasoning, and Engineering in Elementary School

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Molly Bolger, Vanderbilt University; Marta Kobiela, Vanderbilt University; Paul Weinberg, Vanderbilt University; Richard Lehrer, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

links, when a previous mechanism had only two. Unconnected movementdesignated mention of the movement of an individual part of the mechanism without relation toother components. For example, one student explained an error in prediction as: “Becauseinstead of going this way (gestures to the right), [the link] went this way (gestures to the left).” Structure. This category referred to explanations that focused on the organization ofparts without mention of the functional relation(s) among these parts. For example, “I see two ofthem [links] joined together.” And, “I notice that [Mechanism A2] has a peg on this sideinstead of being on this side.” In some cases children noticed difference in the distance from thefixed pivot to the input link

Conference Session

K-12 Engineering Outreach Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leo McAfee, University of Michigan; Andrew Kim, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

modules, starting with the heat module (with electronic thermometer),and then working closely with teachers to use the modules in their every-day “in-school”classes. Another goal will be to provide “take-home-to-study” materials for students.Similarly, teacher education programs will help teachers learn about microsystems so they can“spread the word” to their students each day. Teacher education initiatives will include timefor teachers to modify modules to fit their individual teaching styles and classrooms, perhapsthrough Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) supplements. WIMS-based curriculumdeliverables will include numerous educational modules that when combined should lead totextbook(s).Evaluations of Pre-College Summer ProgramsFor most

Conference Session

Public Engineering of Engineering, K12 Standards, and Overview

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Nelson, University of Texas at Tyler; Michael Odell, University of Texas at Tyler; William Geiger, University of Texas at Tyler; Kristian Trampus, University of Texas at Tyler

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

requirements for special education teachers. Dr. Geiger has served frequently as a consultant to schools, school districts, and state departments of education. He also consults with the Office of Special Education Programs of the U. S. Department of Education. He has worked with local organizations in Bolivia and Russia to improve service delivery for children and youth with disabilities in those countries.Kristian Trampus, University of Texas at Tyler Kristian Trampus received a Bachelor of Science in Oceanography from the University of Washington in Seattle in 1992. She received a Master of Education degree in Curriculum & Instruction from the University of Texas at Tyler. She is

Conference Session

Engineering in the Middle Grades

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Schnittka, University of Virginia; Randy Bell, University of Virginia; Larry Richards, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

). Constructivism and social constructivism. In G.M. Bondner & M. Orgill (Eds.),Theoretical frameworks for research in chemistry/science education (pp. 28-49). Upper Saddle River, NJ: PearsonEducation, Inc.2. Driver, R., Guesne, E., & Tiberghien, A., (Eds.) (1985). Children’s ideas in science. Philadelphia: OpenUniversity Press.3. Driver, R., Squires, A., Rushworth, P., & Wood-Robinson, V. (1994). Making sense of secondary science:Research into children’s ideas. London: Routledge. Page 14.531.204. Puntambekar, S., & Kolodner, J.L. (2005). Toward implementing distributed scaffolding: Helping students learnscience from design

Conference Session

Technological Literacy and K-12 Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Sanders, Virginia Tech; Thomas Sherman, Virginia Tech; Hyuksoo Kwon, Virginia Tech; James Pembridge, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Conference Session

Infusing Engineering Content Through Curricular Innovation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Pelletier, Northern Essex Community College; Linda Desjardins, Northern Essex Community College; Paul Chanley, Northern Essex Community College; Lori Heymans, Northern Essex Community College

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Objective(s) Method of Timeline Instrument Number of Evaluation Used ParticipantsTeacher Introduce Participant Before On-line Survey; 22Educator Engineering is Survey June 30 questions fromInstitute & Elementary to Donahue Institute4Planning Lead TeachersDay atMuseum ofScienceTeacher Introduce Pre-test Before On-line Objective 18Educator Engineering is June 30 multiple-Institute & Elementary to choice test; questionsPlanning Lead Teachers drawn

Conference Session

Thinking, Reasoning, and Engineering in Elementary School

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Strutz, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

). Red flags in high-tech. The New England Journal of Higher Education, XXII(1), 23-24.14. Improving America's Schools Act of 1994, (1994). Pub. L. No. 103-382, S 3502. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.ed.gov/legislation/ESEA/sec3502.html15. Increasing America’s competitiveness. (2006). U.S. Department of Education: Washington, DC. Retrieved February 1, 2009, from http://www.ed.gov/print/teachers/how/prep/higher/competitiveness.html16. Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act of 1988. (1988). U.S. Department of Education: Washington, DC. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.ed.gov/pubs/Biennial/618.htm17. Kuenzi, J.J. (2008). CRS report for Congress. STEM education: Background, federal policy, and

Conference Session

Thinking, Reasoning, and Engineering in Elementary School

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Irene Mena, Purdue University; Brenda Capobianco, Purdue University; Heidi Diefes-Dux, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Learning. Educational Researcher, 1989. 18(1): p. 32-42.9. Creswell, J.W., Educational Research. 3rd ed. 2008, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.10. Knight, M. and C. Cunningham. Draw an Engineer Test (DAET): Development of a Tool to Investigate Students' Ideas about Engineers and Engineering. in American Society for Engineering Education Conference & Exposition. 2004. Salt Lake City, UT.11. Glesne, C., Becoming Qualitative Researchers: An Introduction. 2nd ed. 1999: Addison Wesley Longman.12. Thompson, S. and J. Lyons. A Study Examining Change in Underrepresented Student Views of Engineering as a Result of Working with Engineers in the Elementary Classroom. in American Society for

Conference Session

Standards Based Approaches to K -12 Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Merrill, Illinois State University; Vincent Childress, North Carolina A&T; Rodney Custer, Illinois State University; Craig Rhodes, North Carolina A&T

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

,National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.32 Loucks-Horsley, S, Love, N., Stiles, K. E., Mundry, S., & Hewson, P. W. (2003). Designing professionaldevelopment for teachers of science and mathematics. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.33 Iversen, D. J., & Kalyandurg, C. (November, 2004). Engineering in the K-12 classroom: An analysis of currentpractices and guidelines for the future. Washington, DC: The American Society for Engineering Education. Page 11.762.13

Conference Session

Research & Evaluation on K-12 Teachers and Teaching.

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Birgit Fahrman, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Lena B. Gumaelius, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Per G. Norström, KTH Royal Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. EducationalResearcher, 15(2): 4–1424 Shulman, L.S. (1987). Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. HarvardEducational Review, 57(1): 1–2225 Abell, S. K. (2008). Twenty years later: Does pedagogical content knowledge remain a useful idea?International Journal of Science Education, 30(10), (pp.1405-1416)26 Skogh, I.-B. (2006). Innovative performance: How can it be assessed? In T. Ginner & J. Hallström(Eds.), Forskningskonferens i teknikdidaktik: Styrdokument och klassrumsverklighet i skolansteknikundervisning. Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press.http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp_home/index.en.aspx?issue=01727 ASEI (2005), Association of Swedish Engineering Industries, Alla barns

Conference Session

Fundamental: K-12 Students and Engineering Design Practices (Part 1)

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gina M Quan, University of Maryland, College Park; Ayush Gupta, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under GrantNumbers DRL-0733613 and DUE-1245590. Page 26.1500.11References 1. Berland, M., Martin, T., Benton, T., Petrick Smith, C., & Davis, D. (2013). Using learning analytics to understand the learning pathways of novice programmers. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 22(4), 564- 599. 2. Turkle, S., & Papert, S. (1990). Epistemological pluralism: Styles and voices within the computer culture. Signs, 128-157. 3. Roth, W. M. (1996). Art and artifact of children's designing: A situated cognition perspective. Journal of the Learning

Conference Session

Research to Practice: STRAND 1 – Addressing the NGSS: Supporting K-12 Teachers in Engineering Pedagogy and Engineering Science Connections (Part 1)

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Keshwani, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Krista Lynn Adams, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Science Teacher Education, 2014. 25: p. 197-210.11. Shulman, L.S., Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 1986. 15: p. 4-14.12. Shulman, L.S., Knowledge and teaching: Foundation of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 1987. 57: p. 1-22.13. Abell, S.K., Research on science teacher knowledge, in Handbook of research on science education, S.K. Abell and N.G. Lederman, Editors. 2007, Lawrence Erlbaum Associaties.: Mahwah, NJ. p. 1105-1150.14. Park, S. and Y.-C. Chen, Mapping out the integration of the components of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK): Examples from high school biology classrooms. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2012. 49: p. 922-941.15

Conference Session

Evaluation: Technology and Tools for K-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph D. Steinmeyer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

caseof MITES and E2@MIT, over the course of the labs, we spent small amounts of timedescribing actual details of the Gertboard, and only focused on their specific workingsduring the final project periods as required by particular student projects.Figure 7. Raspberry Pi Model B (right) connected to a Gertboard via ribbon cable (left).Deployment of the Raspberry Pi/Gertboard assemblies in 2014 was as successful than2013’s BeagleBone Blacks in terms of student progress and project complexity. Inaddition, the increased usability and protection afforded by the Gertboard completelyremoved the danger of partial/complete loss of student work, and greatly improved thespeed and efficiency of student wiring when interfacing with the board due to the

Conference Session

Gender & Minority Issues in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam Christensen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Willard Nott, American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Douglas Edwards, Westlake High School; Leann Yoder, Jets, Inc.; Christina Ho, Engineers Without Borders; Shannon Flanagan, Engineers Without Borders; Stephanie Hurd, JETS, Inc.; Marion Usselman, Georgia Institute of Technology; Donna Llewellyn, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jeffrey Rosen, Georgia Institute of Technology; Cathy Leslie, Engineers Without Borders; Samuel Graham, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, No. 2, 2001, pp. 223-229.[11] Herkert, J.R.," Future Direction in Engineering Ethics Research: Microethics, Macroethics and the Role of Professional Societies", Science and Engineering Ethics Vol. 7, 2001, pp. 403-414.[12] Hirsch, L., S. Gibbons, H. Kimmel, R. Rockland, and J. Bloom, "High School Students' Attitudes to and Knowledge About Engineering", ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, Boulder, CO: ASEE, 2003, pp. F2A-7.[13] Herkert, J.R., "Ethical Risk Assessment: Valuing Public Perceptions", IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 1994, pp. 4-10.[14] Bielefeldt, A., "Increasing international awareness of engineering students", ASEE Annual Conference and Expo, Chicago, IL: ASEE, 2006.[15

Conference Session

Topics in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Miller, Society of Automotive Engineers International; Elizabeth Bachrach, Goodman Research Group, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

dramaticallyincreasing (twenty-nine percent of all S&E degree holders in the labor force are age 50 or over3).The result is a significant and growing gap between the supply of and the demand for qualifiedengineering graduates, which serves as the talent pool of the future workforce in North America.SAE InternationalFor over a century, SAE International has served the professional needs of engineers andtransportation needs of humanity. Since 1905, mobility pioneers have led initiatives andexpanded the impact of the society. Membership in this international technical society hassteadily increased, and today more than 90,000 SAE International members – includingengineers, scientists, business executives, educators and students from 97 countries

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Andrew Almodovar, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Kyle Mattson, Timken; Evan Karl Day, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Sean McKibben, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Richard Yoo; Johnson Samuel, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; David E Silverman

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, 2006, “Experimental Investigation of the Machinability of Polycarbonate Reinforced with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes”, ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 128, pp. 465-473. 8. J-U Park, M. Hardy, S.J. Kang, K. Barton, K. Adair, D.K. Mukhopadhyay,C.Y. Lee, M.S. Strano, A.G. Alleyne, J.G. Georgiadis, P.M. Ferreira, and J.A. Rogers, 2007, “High-resolution electrohydrodynamic jet printing”, Nature Materials, 6, pp. 782-789. 9. S. Mishra, K. Barton, A. Alleyne, P. Ferreira, P., and J. Rogers, 2010, “High speed drop-on-demand Page 23.61.20 printing with a pulsed electro

Conference Session

Thinking Outside the Box! Innovative Curriculum Exchange for K12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victor Mejia, California State University, Los Angeles; Jessica Alvarenga, California State University, Los Angeles; Jianyu Dong, California State University, Los Angeles; Huiping Guo, California State University, Los Angeles; Israel Hernandez, California State University, Los Angeles; Eun-Young Kang; Phanit Pollavith; Adriana Trejo, Roosevelt High School; Nancy Warter-Perez, California State University, Los Angeles

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, or g(x) = f(x-c), which will shift theoriginal graph of f(x) to the right by c units. These transformations do not change the shape ofthe graph. However, there are also transformations that changes the shape of the graph, such asg(x) = 2f(x), or g(x) = f(3x).Quadratic Functions Another mathematical concept used in the demonstrations is quadratic functions.Students first learn that the height of an object in free fall follows this quadratic function:Where, is the height of the object (in meters) at any given time t (seconds), is the initialvelocity (meters per second), is the initial height, t is time, and is the gravity constant, 2which is 9.8 m/s .The time it takes the object reach its maximum height is given

Conference Session

Computer Science and Information Technology in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meltem Alemdar, Georgia Institute of Technology; Tony Docal, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Conference Session

Thinking Outside the Box! Innovative Curriculum Exchange for K12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Micah Stickel, University of Toronto; Bruno Korst, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Conference Session

High School Engineering Programs, Curriculum, and Evaluation

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelly B Crittenden, Louisiana Tech University; Galen E. Turner III, Louisiana Tech University; James D. Nelson, Louisiana Tech University; Jane A. Petrus, Louisiana Tech University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

electronic communication, weshow clips from Frontline‟s documentary Digital Nation.13 This video explores the concept ofmultitasking and other issues associated with our digital-heavy culture. This discussion is used asa starting point to have the students think about the concept of focusing on a topic. At this point, we have spent approximately an hour-and-a-half on material leading up to the catapult. Instead of delving straight into calculations, we have the students build a catapult from plans and parts that we provide. The catapult is largely constructed from foam core; therefore, we spend 5 to 10 minutes discussing techniques for working with the

Conference Session

Engineering Collaboration: Faculty & Student in K-12 Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vikram Kapila, Polytechnic University; Magued Iskander, Polytechnic University; Noel Kriftcher, Polytechnic University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, 2008.4. Gary B. Randolph, “Collaborative Learning in the Classroom: A Writing Across the Curriculum Approach,” Journal of Engineering Education, 2000, Vol. 89, 119—122.5. L. J. Shuman, M. Besterfield-Sacre, and J. McGourty, “The ABET “Professional Skills”–Can They Be Taught? Can They Be Assessed?” Journal of Engineering Education, January 2005, 41—55.6. S. Kumar and J. K. Hsiao, “Engineers Learn “Soft Skills the Hard Way”: Planting a Seed of Leadership in Engineering Classes,” Leadership and Management in Engineering, January 2007, 18—23.7. D. Shetty and R. A. Kolk, Mechatronics System Design, PWS, Boston, MA, 1997.8. C. W. de Silva, Mechatronics: An Integrated Approach, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2005.9. D. J

Conference Session

Principles of K-12 Engineering Education and Practice

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chelsea J. Andrews, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. Fasse, J. Gray, J. Holbrook, S. Puntambekar, and M. Ryan (2003). Problem-based Learning Meets Case-Based Reasoning in the Middle-School Science Classroom: Putting Learning by Design into Practice. The Journal of the Learning Sciences , 12(4), 495-54710: McCormick, M. and Hynes, M. (2012) Engineering in a Fictional World: Early Findings from Integrating Engineering and Literacy. Conference Proceedings, Collection: Proceedings from the American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference, San Antonio, Texas. Bibliography: Conference Proceedings11. Ulrich, K. and S. Eppinger (2008) Product Design and Development, Fourth Edition, Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education12. Dym, C., and P. Little (2004) Engineering Design: A

Conference Session

K-12 and Precollege Engineering Curriculum and Programming Resources, Part 2 of 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geoff Wright, Brigham Young University; Kip Hacking

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Engineering Education Brigham Young University Randy C. Hurd Mechanical Engineering Brigham Young University Kip S. Hacking Electrical Engineering Brigham Young University Tadd Truscott Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering Brigham Young University Abstract: Over the past two years several professors from the technology education and mechanical

Conference Session

K-12 Professional Development I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anant R. Kukreti, University of Cincinnati; Eugene Rutz, University of Cincinnati; Julie Steimle, University of Cincinnati; Howard E. Jackson, University of Cincinnati; Catherine Maltbie, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development for K-12 Teachers – II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Tufenkjian, California State University-Los Angeles; Ethan Lipton, California State University-Los Angeles

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

grade level(s) do you teach? 6 N=9 55.6% 5Number of Teachers 4 3 2 22.2% 1 11.1% 11.1% 0 6-8th 9th 9-10th 9-12th What is your gender? 6 N=9 5Number of Teachers 44.4% 4