Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Capstone Design

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel J. Magda, Weber State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

into two three-credit classes over two semesters. Typically there are around sevenprojects supporting five to eight students depending on the complexity of the project. At thebeginning of the year, the engineering students took the Kolb learning style quick assessment.Retrieved from https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=kolb+quick+assessment. This quickassessment consists of twenty questions that determine the learning style or preference of astudent as described in table 1. Engineering students with project teams consisted mostly ofstudent learning styles that are converging and assimilating. However, each team also had one ortwo students with learning styles of diverging and accommodating. Therefore, each teamconsisted of individual learning

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: The Remote World

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Hope Leigh Weiss, California State University, Fullerton; John W. Sanders, California State University, Fullerton

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

they should only post the topics related to prerequisite material for that class. • The placement of the videos on the course website is very important. The links should be accessible directly on the main course page and the instructors should make announcements in class about their availability.AcknowledgementsThe initial work in this paper was supported by a 2018-2019 Graduation Initiative 2025Innovation Grant from California State University, Fullerton.References[1] Q. Dunsworth and Y. Wu, "Effective Review of Prerequsites: Using Videos to Flip the Reviewing Process in a Senior Technical Course," in Proceedings of 125th ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2018.[2] Z. Jiang, A. W

Conference Session

Computing in the classroom

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahra Shahbazi, Manhattan College; sina Shahbazmohamadi, University of Connecticut

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

. Edward Tufte forum: PowerPoint Does Rocket Science--and Better Techniques for Technical Reports.http://www.edwardtufte.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=0001yB&topic_id=1 accessed 1/7/2013 (2013).27. Fisher, D., Cornwell, P. & Williams, J. Teaching dynamics using interactive tablet PC instruction software. InFrontiers In Education Conference-Global Engineering: Knowledge Without Borders, Opportunities WithoutPassports, 2007. FIE'07. 37th Annual S3J-S3328. Mathews, C. & Khoie, R. Assessing the effectiveness of Tablet PC-based instruction. In Proceedings of theAmerican Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference29. Frolik, J. & Zum, J. Evaluation of Tablet PCs for engineering content development and instruction

Conference Session

Capstone Courses and Project Based-Learning

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David R. Sawyers Jr., Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

between the vertical section and the first horizontal section of pipe. The pumpcurve is hp = (100 - 0.01Q2), where hp is the pump head in feet, Q is the flowrate in gpm, and is a dimensionless parameter that specifies the size of pump/motor combination chosen ( canhave any value between 0 and 10). The cost of the pump/motor is $700.If the flowrate at each exit is 10 gpm, determine the pipe diameter that minimizes the totalsystem cost. Also calculate the pump inlet pressure (in psig), and the power required (in hp) ifthe pump/motor has a combined efficiency of 70%.This problem can be solved using EES, but there are several numerical issues that must beconsidered.  Since EES is an iterative solver, it may or may not converge. In addition

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sriram Sundararajan, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

) equations 1D&$&<=)/66"F.,-) "=,1D&%.?&) 2&%.-,)/,;)@",;#@1)/,) well as to analyze and .&(5$E7$!C@$=;BF$ interpret data (mechanical) 1D&"$&1.@/6)Q,"F6&;-&) .=:@"$&)M)L9A :7O :9L LBA ,A=>$K=9CLM$ 2&%@$.=$ 0&/%#$&0&,1)/,;) H@CJ8>=$;$K@8=I$ S/@"$&)MK9A :7O :7: OBA ;BOJ8=?B@8HOC:$CI$ .,%1$#0&,1/1.",).,)1D&) %.-,.3.@/,@&8)%1$&

Conference Session

Outreach, Engagement, and Undergraduate Research

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natalie Barrett, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

the adiabatic process, the students were asked if the heat, Q, wasgreater for process 1. Although the acceptable selection ranged from 40% to 56% percent, only11% gave an acceptable response based upon the first law of thermodynamics. This implies thatalthough the students could get the correct answer, they could not give an acceptable reasonabout why it was correct. This could be because they lack conceptual understanding of the firstlaw, but not necessarily procedural understanding. In addition, Loverude and others (2002) showthat students did not consider the first law of thermodynamics when given a problem that neededthe first law to be answered correctly. Loverude and others questioned 36 thermal physicsstudents during two rounds of

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Patterson, San Diego State University; Christopher Paolini, San Diego State University; Subrata Bhattacharjee, San Diego State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

work beyond that required for the flow isperformed, the heat added is equal to the increase in enthalpy of the system Q = H (1)Expressing the change in enthalpy of the system with respect to reactants and products for achemically reacting system gives the following equation H  j  HTo H0o   HTo H0o   H of    i HTo H0o  HTo H0o   H of   Qp (2) j   2 0 T   0 j i  0T  0 0 iwhere T2 is the temperature of the

Conference Session

Learn About Assessment

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

William W. Tsai, California State University Maritime Academy; Amber Janssen, California State University Maritime Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

;search_scope=01CALS&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine& tab=everything&query=any,contains,information%20seeking%20and%20communicating% 20behavior%20of%20scientists%20and%20engineers&sortby=rank&offset=0[8] G. J. Leckie, K. E. Pettigrew, and C. Sylvain, “Modeling the Information Seeking of Professionals: A General Model Derived from Research on Engineers, Health Care Professionals, and Lawyers on JSTOR,” Libr. Q., vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 161–193, 1996.[9] W. B. Badke, “Can’t Get No Respect: Helping Faculty to Understand the Educational Power of Information Literacy,” Ref. Libr., vol. 43, no. 89–90, pp. 63–80, Apr. 2005, doi: 10.1300/J120v43n89_05.[10] N. G. Kobzina, “A Faculty–Librarian

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lawrence Funke, Ohio Northern University; J. Blake Hylton, Ohio Northern University; David Sawyers, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

would like to gratefully acknowledge the Ohio Space Grant Consortium for partiallyfunding this work through the Curriculum Innovation grant program.References[1] Fromm, E. (2003), The Changing Engineering Educational Paradigm. Journal of EngineeringEducation, 92: 113-121. doi:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2003.tb00749.x[2] Sala, A. L. (2013, June), Infusing Mechatronics and Robotics Concepts in EngineeringCurriculum Paper presented at 2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Atlanta, Georgia.https://peer.asee.org/19765[3] Cherng, J. G., & Li, B. Q., & Natarajan, N. (2013, June), Development of a SeniorMechatronics Course for Mechanical Engineering Student Paper presented at 2013 ASEEAnnual Conference & Exposition, Atlanta, Georgia. https

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Subrata Bhattacharjee, San Diego State University; Christopher Paolini, San Diego State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

ignited. To analyze the resulting process, launch the premixed closed-process IGcombustion daemon located in the Daemons> Systems> UnsteadyProcess> Specific>Combustion> Premixed> IG Model page. Configure the reaction in the Reaction Panel fortheoretical combustion of octane. Evaluate the reactants state with p1 = 1 atm, T1 = 298 K, andpartially evaluate the products state with Vol2 = Vol1 (for a constant-volume process). In theProcess Panel, load state-1 as the beginning state (b-state) and state-2 as the final state (f-state),and enter Q = W = 0. Click Calculateand then Super-Calculate to obtain thefinal state. The final pressure andtemperature are found in state-2 as1065 kPa and 2911 K, respectively. Inprocesses where a

Conference Session

Learning and Assessment in ME 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn Anne Wingate, Georgia Institute of Technology; Robert Kadel, Georgia Institute of Technology; Amanda G. Madden, C21U

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Conference Session

Teams, Capstone Courses, and Project Based-Learning

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Molly A. McVey, University of Kansas; Carl W. Luchies, University of Kansas; Adrian Joseph Villicana, University of Kansas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

, & Bloom, 2001).Table 2. Learning objectives and associated test questions for Fall 2014 and Spring 2016 (Ex=Exam, Q= question number). Topics Fall Spring 2014 2016CHAPTER 12: Kinetics of a Particle12.6 Projectile Motion EX1 EX 1LO 12.6 Analyze the free-flight motion of a projectile. Q1 Q112.9 Absolute Dependent Motion EX 1 EX 1LO 12.9 Relate the

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 11

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raghu Echempati P.E., Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

) Safety Issues and Societal Impact 15 m) Learning Outcomes 15 n) Acknowledgements 5 o) Individual Contributions 10 p) References 10 q) Appendix A: Design Process Flow Chart 10 r) Appendix B: Modified Design and Engineering Drawings 10Final grades are given on a scale of:93% and above: A; 90 – 92% is A-; 87 – 89% is B+; 84 – 86% is B;80 to 83% is B-; 77 – 79% is C or C+; 74

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kamau Wright, University of Hartford; Ivana Milanovic, University of Hartford; C. Cy Yavuzturk, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Exams, with later Thermodynamics II performanceshould also be established.References[1] J. A. Laman and M. L. Brannon, "Integration of prerequisite resource materials in a structural design of foundations course using pencasts," in 121st ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: 360 Degrees of Engineering Education, 2014: American Society for Engineering Education.[2] Q. Dunsworth and Y. E. Wu, "Effective Review of Pre-requisites: Using Videos to Flip the Reviewing Process in a Senior Technical Course," presented at the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Annual Conference & Exposition, Salt Lake City, UT, Jun 24 -27, 2018.[3] D. Hestenes, M. Wells, and G. Swackhamer, "Force concept

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Azar Eslam Panah, Pennsylvania State University, Berks; Heidi Reuter

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

projectposter presentation, the result was remarkable. 95% of students said it significantly helped themwith initiating the conversation and engaging the audience. For 63% of students, handling Q & Aduring their poster session and for 74% of them, managing communication confidence wasachieved. 26% of students mentioned that they learned how to create a poster and organize theirposter layout. When students were asked “If you were an instructor, what would you change inPHOTO 321N course to improve the students learning?”, one main suggestion was to give shortquizzes after each topic to give the lectures more substance to the course.ConclusionsThe results from this experimental course illustrated very clearly that Flow Visualization can beperformed

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 11

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James A. Mynderse, Lawrence Technological University; Liping Liu, Lawrence Technological University; Andrew L. Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Robert W. Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University; Hamid Vejdani, Lawrence Technological University; Wuming Jing, Lawrence Technological University; Kingman E. Yee, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Development," 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2016.[26] M.-I. Carnasciali, R. S. Harichandran, N. O. Erdil, J. Nocito-Gobel and C. Q. Li, "Integrated e-Learning Modules for Developing an Entrepreneurial Mindset: Direct Assessment of Student Learning," 2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2018.[27] N. Duval-Couetil, J. Wheadon, E. Kisenwether and J. Tranquillo, "Entrepreneurship and ABET accreditation: How and where does it fit?," IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2013.[28] I. Hilliger, C. M. Mendoza, M. Pérez-Sanagustín and M. D. l. Vega, "Does the Revision of ABET Student Outcomes Include the Competencies Required to Succeed in Start-Ups and Entrepreneurial Companies?," 2017 ASEE Annual

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. M. Mizanoor Rahman, University of West Florida

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

. Cherng, B. Q. Li, N. Natarajan, “Development of a senior mechatronics course for mechanical engineering student,” in Proc. of 2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Atlanta, Georgia, https://peer.asee.org/19438, pp. 23.424.1 - 23.424.22, June 2013.22. N. Ghariban, A. Ansari, P. Leigh-Mack, “Design and development of a multidisciplinary industry supported course in mechatronics,” in Proc. of the 2018 ASEE Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration, pp.1-12.23. M. E. Grimheden, “Can agile methods enhance mechatronics education? Experiences from basing a capstone course on SCRUM,” in Proc. of 2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, San Antonio, Texas, https://peer.asee.org/21037, pp.25.279.1-25.279.14

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 10

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anurag Purwar, Stony Brook University; Catherine A. Scott, Stony Brook University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

of the home work assignments, whichuses now obsolete Adobe Flash technology. However, at this time, the text book Engineering Me-chanics: Dynamics used in this class by Gray et al. uses the Connect platform only and thus abetter alternative is not available. This OL class uses Piazza [13], an web-based Wiki-style Q&A forum, where students canask questions and both the students and teaching team can contribute to an answer. The systemis designed to be intuitive and easy to use. For this class, which uses a lot of mathematics andequation writing, the support for LateX in the system is hugely beneficial. This is the single mostimportant reason for the author to use Piazza. It has been the author’s experience that Piazza hasmanaged to

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mathew Hagge, Iowa State University; Gloria Starns, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

course. Assumptions for a given problem can be introduced into the general equation to obtain the correct specific equation. Do not give students any equations on exams--this will make understanding of the development of the key equations a requirement for success in the course. 2) Sign error Reason - This is the most common mistake in mathematics. The traditional approach for thermodynamics (Q, heat, is in and W, work, is out) does nothing to prevent sign errors. Solution – Provide all of the equations as a balance for the control volume. Property In – Property Out = Change in Property. Have students determine how energy by heat

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Laboratories I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard J. Ruhala, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

would be the most efficient way to do this. 3. Calculate the amplitude ratio and the frequency ratio and create a graph similar to Figure 3.11a on page 230 in your textbook. Use the peak amplitude data from your accelerometer and PULSE analyzer instead of the ruler. You should have three different curves on one graph. Determine the damping ratio based on the above data and theory. 4. Determine the Q factor for the system with the lightest damping. 5. Divide the force amplitude by the velocity amplitude ( x peak ) for each frequency for both experiments. This is the magnitude of the mechanical impedance of the system at a given frequency. Create a graph of this. Show three curves on one chart – one curve for

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions - Mechanical Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Green, LeTourneau University; Carolyn Conner Seepersad, University of Texas, Austin; Katja Holtta-Otto, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

/Activities/Assignments  P4: Final Design Project (Customer Driven) 20 3/23 3/24   Lec: AIM & Customer interviews  P4 Q&A 21 3/25 3/26 AIM P4 #1  Example FO, SG, & Concepts  P4 HW: 3*2 interview transcripts w/ translations  22 3/30 3/31 P4 HW: Needs summary list    (submit both assignments by printout + email)  23 4/1 4/2 P4 HW: function

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laila Guessous, Oakland University; Qian Zou, Oakland University; Brian P. Sangeorzan, Oakland University; Xia Wang, Oakland University; Gary Barber, Oakland University; Lorenzo M. Smith, Oakland University; LianXiang Yang, Oakland University; David Schall, Oakland University, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Michael A. Latcha, Oakland University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

,” ASEE Paper # AC 2009-1194, 200915. V. Lohani and T. Younos, “Implementation And Assessment Of An Interdisciplinary NSF/REU Site On Watershed Sciences,” ASEE Paper # AC 2008-1402, 2008.16. http://me-reu.secs.oakland.edu17. L. Guessous, B. Sangeorzan, Q. Zou And X. Wang, "Industrial Mentors: An Often Untapped Resource In Undergraduate Research Programs," Paper # 2008-66063, 2008 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 2008.18. C. Shellito, K. Shea, G. Weissmann, A. Mueller-Solger and W. Davis, “Successful Mentoring of Undergraduate Researchers – Tips for Creating Positive Student Research Experiences,” Journal of College Science Teaching, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 460-464 (2001

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer I

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura A Garrison, York College of Pennsylvania; Timothy J. Garrison, York College of Pennsylvania

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

pressure head, Qd for flowrate, and one called sigma forcavitation potential. Figure 22: Prototype Kaplan Turbine (left)27, Model-size turbines (right) Page 26.33.232.5.2 Scaled-Up Bullets – provides an example of scale modelling and promotes discussionof modelling pitfalls The students at the author’s institution are required to complete a project at the end oftheir Fluids laboratory course and many ask to use the wind tunnel to do scale modeling. Mostof the time, this is not practical because the students want to scale down cars or other largeobjects and this means they need to scale up the velocity beyond the capabilities of the

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technical Session: Team/Project-based Pedagogy and Approaches

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

James D. Carrico, University of Mary; Javad Anjum, University of Mary; Audra Anjum, Ohio University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

and collaborator-reported communicationand teamwork skills. The data on teamwork and communication is augmented with and comparedto Slack data.Timeline: Table 1 gives a list of codes for the time-line illustrated in Fig. 1. The time-line listswhen questionnaires were administered, when the ME students had exams, when there wereinterprofessional meetings, and when deliverables were assigned or submitted. Additionally,since two of the ME students were part of a school athletics team, the time-line also lists athleticevents that required travel as well as the end of the season. Table 1: Codes for timeline in Fig. 1 Code Description Q Administration of a questionnaire X1 Midterm exam X2 Final exam

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel D. Jensen, U.S. Air Force Academy; Kristin L. Wood, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD); Aaron P Bauer, United States Air Force Academy; Blake Perez, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Milton Doria, United States Air Force Academy; Michael Lawrence Anderson P.E., United States Air Force; Luke Jensen, CREO

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 11

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liping Liu, Lawrence Technological University; James A. Mynderse, Lawrence Technological University; Robert W Fletcher, Lawrence Technological University; Andrew L Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

contrarian view of accepted (i.e., typical) solutions. g. Identify an unexpected opportunity for your design. h. Create extraordinary value for a customer or stakeholder. i. Integrate information from many sources to gain insight. j. Assess and manage risk. k. Persist through failure. l. Apply creative thinking to ambiguous problems. m. Apply systems thinking to complex problems. n. Evaluate economic drivers. o. Examine a customer’s or stakeholder’s needs. p. Understand the motivations and perspectives of others. q. Convey engineering solutions in economic terms. r. Substantiate claims with data and facts.The answers were provided in five scales: 1. None at all 2. Slightly 3. On some occasions 4. Many times 5

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. M. Mizanoor Rahman, University of West Florida

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Conference Session

Statics and Finite Element Analysis

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Qin Ma, Walla Walla University; Louie L. Yaw, Walla Walla University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

/index.php/Mini-FEA_-_A_simple_Finite_Element_Calculator[16] Q. Ma and P.S. Steif, “Using mini-FEA to Assist the Teaching of Engineering Finite Element Methods toUndergraduate Students”, ASEE, PNW, March 31-April 2, 2011, Ganzaga University, Spokane, WA.[17] The Stress-Opticon Instruction Manual[18] Said Shakerin, Daniel D. Jensen, “Enhancement of Mechanics Education by means of photoelasticity and finiteelement method”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, Vol. 29, No 4, 2000.AppendixA1. Selected PHOTOELASTICITY In-Lab Case Study Questions (Fall 2013)In-lab Task 1 – Column Loading (a Bar under Compression) • Observe and explain Saint Venant’s Principle • What do you observe as you load the specimen gradually with

Conference Session

Computer Modeling/CAD in Mechanical Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aneet Dharmavaram Narendranath, Michigan Technological University; Prathamesh Prashant Deshpande, Michigan Technological University; Madhu Kolati, Michigan Technological University; Datta Sandesh Manjunath, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

and their weights and how these terms relate to the physicsbeing captured. The weights of differential equations are generally design (structural or fluid)parameters or properties. Some classical examples are provided in equation 1 and equation2. ∂u ∂ 2u ∂ 2u ∂ 2u q˙ =α 2 + 2+ 2 + (1) ∂t ∂x ∂y ∂z ρcp ∂ 2u ∂ 2u =c (2) ∂t2 ∂x2The heat

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to ME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Avitabile, University of Massachusetts-Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

FORCE GAGE I Q HAMMER TIP CHARACTERIZATION M LEAKAGE U HAMMER TIP DIFFERENT PULSE SHAPES E WINDOWS E FOURIER SERIES & FFT