how a society raises itschildren is not the ultimate expression of societal bias.Student views on prospects of women’s success in the professional world also demonstratedunconscious bias One student wrote that, “[One] reason that a woman would have a hard time Page 26.1255.4getting [into] and progressing through an engineering or computer science career is thatsometimes men have too much pride. There are men who would not tolerate knowing that awoman could do a better job.” Another gave as his reason for few women in engineering asrelated fields as, “...women usually draws [sic] maximum benefits from their employers. Ifemployers do not want
settings.6Gendered microaggressions have been used to explain subtle sexism and sex-baseddiscrimination on women.12, 13 Gendered microaggressions are manifested in various forms,such as making gender stereotypical assumptions, sexually objectifying women, or being genderblind.13, 14 Several studies have shown that gendered microaggressions cause detrimentalconsequences to women’s psychological and behavioral health, and their careers.12, 15, 16 Thisstudy focused on women faculty, an often under-represented group in many male-dominantSTEM disciplines. We examined whether, and to what degree, women faculty in STEMexperienced gender-based subtle bias and discrimination.MethodsInstrumentsSeveral research measurements have been established to gauge
caused them to complete the task either very quickly, or very slowly, whilegirls were more consistently reliable. Stufft 10 found gender differences interacted with age.Males in grade four outperformed their female counterparts, but this difference disappeared ingrade six, and reversed in grade eight, with females performing better.Women beginning engineering programs typically exhibit relatively high-levels of self-efficacy11. To address stagnant enrollments among women, it is important to understand andmitigate events that may undermine development of self-efficacy in girls. Could hands-onassembly be an activity that can encourage or discourage girls from the paths to STEM careers?To begin to understand the connection, this research sought to
Mechanics and Women in engineering. Her research interests include STEM programming, career development and assessment. Page 13.501.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Engineering Classroom Environments: Examining Differences by Gender and DepartmentsAbstractThis paper reports on one year of data from a study of classroom learning environments in threeengineering departments, which differ in size, discipline and pedagogical methodology, at a largeeastern university. This study uses a quasi-experimental design to confirm or deny what iscommonly cited in engineering education literature
) who are not completely sure about what area of natural sciences is most appealing tothem, often causing them to “default” to courses like Biology and Chemistry. Furthermore, thesestudents tend to pursue a career in teaching, not as a researcher, later on.The structure of these studies with its multidisciplinary contents derived from Mathematics,Physics, Biology, Chemistry and Computer Sciences, are furthermore especially directedtowards the preferences of women. One potential problem of these courses may arise from thestrong experimental component of the studies. Due to their socialization, women oftenunderestimate their abilities7 and do not possess the same degree of experience inexperimentation as men. As mentioned above, experiment and
Adrienne R. Minerick is an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at Michigan Technological University (MTU). From July 2003 through December 2009, she was on the faculty of the chemical engineering department at Mississippi State University (MSU). She received her PhD and M.S. from the University of Notre Dame and B.S. from Michigan Technological University. At MSU, Dr. Minerick taught the graduate Chemical Engineering Math, Process Controls, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Freshman Seminar, Heat Transfer, and Analytical Microdevice Technology courses. In addition, she is an NSF CAREER Awardee, has served as co-PI on an NSF REU site, PI on grants from NSF and DOE, and is the
males. For ECE, which comprises about twenty-three percent oftenure and tenure-track engineering faculty and may have a slightly lower fraction of US bornfaculty due to a historically high fraction of foreign doctorates, about one hundred-twentydomestic engineering assistant professors are hired every year with about twenty-five per year Page 24.604.3being female. The electrical engineering devices most similar in scaling to this pathway to anengineering academic career are probably filters and not pipelines.This paper is focused on the connection between BS and PhD degree production in the context ofgender equity and domestic versus international
-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability to do something(e.g. perform a task, or accomplish a goal).4,5 Self-efficacy has been linked to positive outcomesin the pursuit of careers in fields that are traditionally less populated by women than by men. Astudent’s belief in their ability to succeed in a field such as engineering is a major factor in theprobability of their success, because it has been demonstrated that students need to possess thewill, as well as the skills, to succeed in engineering.6Self-efficacy in engineering courses has been measured in several ways by using all-female ormixed-gender groups.4,6,7 Chemers et al.8 present evidence to support a theoretical model of thedirect and indirect effects of self-efficacy and optimism
addition, engineering is often viewed as a male-oriented field4. Thus, changing the perceptions of teachers is crucial to encouraging more girlsand women to enter engineering fields. Simple professional development activities, such asresearching and presenting information about successful female engineers, can increase thelikelihood that teachers will view engineering as a career for women5. In addition, usingconsistent, positive messages about engineering and engineers will help change any negativeperceptions that teachers might bring to the classroom4.Outside the classroom, camps or other informal educational experiences can increase knowledgeof and intent to major in engineering. Ryerson Polytechnic University in Toronto has operatedseveral
with them as a warning system for high levels of carbon monoxide1. The canaryhas a more fragile respiratory system than humans; it is more sensitive to change in the quality ofair in an environment. When the canary would begin to struggle for breath, the miners took thisas a signal that there was a problem with the atmosphere in the mine. Lani Guinier, GeraldTorres and Susan Sturm have posited the idea that the metaphor of the Miner’s Canary is animportant metaphor for viewing the behavior of those in underrepresented minority groups ininstitutions or career fields and encourage faculty and administrators to look at the behavior ofunderrepresented minority groups within an institution as sensitive indicators to potentially toxicproblems2. By
theory teachers. Deans do not believe in us because they think that our classes are simple workshops, they do not see the importance of laboratory experiences in the development of students.”Another example is from a full professor describing the boundary of having students fromdifferent economical and educational status: “Having a group in which the level of academic preparation is very different, makes students to face problems such as not having the necessary knowledge and skills in math, language, working with tools or machinery, or just knowing the characteristic lingo of this engineering discipline. I have had students that decided to switch careers, because they think that engineering is not for them, while in
reform needed thatconnects creativity to engineering in an atmosphere that welcomes diversity. Introduction Engineering is a creative and diverse profession integral to the sustainability of a rapidlyevolving economy, and a field where the diversity and perspectives of women engineers isessential [1], [2], [3]. This study examined the creative self-efficacy (CSE) of undergraduatewomen engineering majors, their beliefs about creativity, how they describe themselves ascreative, and their lived experiences that influenced them to choose engineering as a career path.ABET [4] highlighted the significant connection of creativity in engineering curriculum to theengineering profession. The creative
undergraduate students. During 2018- 2020, she collaborated with Dr. Kavitha Chandra to utilize participatory action research (PAR) as an evaluation approach for the Research, Academics, and Mentoring Pathways (RAMP) summer program for first-year women engineering students.Prof. Kavitha Chandra, University of Massachusetts Lowell Kavitha Chandra is the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Programs and Professor of Electrical and Com- puter Engineering in the Francis College of Engineering at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. She directs the Research, Academics and Mentoring Pathways (RAMP) to Success program that aims to estab- lish successful pathways to graduate school and interdisciplinary careers for new undergraduate
to improve learning outcomes. A large body of research oncollaborative learning points to the benefits of students’ learning from one another (Lave andWenger, 1991; Mentkowski & Associates, 2000; Seymour and Hewitt, 1997; Prince and Felder,2006). Prince (2004), in his review of literature on active learning, found that team-basedapproaches to learning can increase students’ skills, positive attitudes, and retention.How, then, can we make student teams more equitable, over-coming well-documented trendswhere women have fewer opportunities than men to gain and demonstrate technical competence?How can we persuade women to persist on teams—and in their engineering career paths morebroadly—despite interpersonal interactions that may make them
want to be involved. “ One of these programs, Women’s Technology Program (WTP), was started in electricalengineering and has been cloned in mechanical engineering. Women student engineers whowanted to find a way to encourage more women originally started it. WTP is an in-residentsummer program for rising high school seniors. It is specifically targeted at young women whohave strong aptitude in math and serious doubts about engineering: . . . so we occasionally annoy some parents when we turn down their daughter who has already done AP up the wahzoo and is clearly going to be an engineer. This is really aimed at young women where we want to get them here to understand that this is a career you could do – ‘there are other young women
disciplines.6 Page 15.1279.2Issues affecting women’s recruitment and progress through the academic pipeline are verysimilar across all STEM disciplines. However, women engineers face the unique challenge of the field being one of the longstanding male bastions.7,8 Historically, engineering resisted diversityefforts9, including the entrance of women into engineering education or academic careers.6 Eventoday, male students appear to actively “engage in the process of masculinizing the subject area,and therefore marginalizing women students”10,11 as well as women faculty.7 With regard tofaculty recruitment
free ofgender-based discrimination.29 Moreover, an educational institution that provides career andplacement services has an obligation to ensure that employers who use campus facilities torecruit students for employment also abide by relevant nondiscrimination laws in theirrecruitment and employment practices.19 Usually, a statement assuring that the employer doesnot discriminate, signed by an appropriate employer representative, will suffice for thesepurposes. However, when confronted with evidence that an employer has not lived up to itsnondiscrimination obligations, an educational institution may have to take corrective actions thatcould include banning the employer from recruiting on campus or terminating a co-oparrangement with that
interest (f3). Hayfaa Almudhaf, the co-chair/senior advisor (ret.) of the Kuwait Institute forScientific Research, studied Workforce (f4) and Prestige (f7) factors and found that, althoughwomen comprise 60%–80% of STEM fields, a majority of leadership and researcherpositions are held by males (f4/f7/f11) [1, p. 4]. Munirah AlAjlan, an English as a SecondLanguage (ESL) instructor at the College of Engineering and Petroleum at Kuwait University,compared preferential career paths between males and females in Kuwait and found that malesprefer military jobs or private business (f4) [1, p. 7]. Hessa Amin, the deputy chief executive officer of FAWSEC Educational Company, aK–12 education company in Kuwait, investigated Finances (f6) and
participants to report these findings. The remainder of theanalyses focused on gender.Similar rates of persistence existed for women and men, even though when they began theprogram there were statistically significant difference between mean scale scores for freshmenwomen and men on some measures of self-efficacy. For the Self-Efficacy Scale II, t(66) = 2.63,p = .011; Career Success Scale, t(66) = 3.03, p = .004, and Math Scale t(66) = 2.49, p = .015,men averaged higher scores than women (see Table 2 for averages). Although men scored higherthan women on the Self-Efficacy I Scale and Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, these results were notsignificantly different. Women and men scored similarly on the Inclusion Scale. The means onself-efficacy scales at the
duringfreshman year, or the disaster-turn-to-awesome high school debate team experience, a sense of “Ican and I did it” was evident. Nickie shared, “I kind of had this idea that I wanted to dosomething … really, really technically difficult. …. I feel that I’m always trying to prove myselfthat I can do it.” While the actual “hands-on experiences” was somewhat limited for Nickiebefore her college years, she was clear on the essence of a career she wanted to pursue. Sheasked herself “What’s going to have the most impact?” Her answer was STEM. She noted, “Iwas just so incredibly attracted to the idea of making something … of having a final product.”Her rationale was “… what is what I am doing, at the end of the day, going to give back …otherwise what is
the build group to me was that it provided me with hands-on,technical experience that I had never been exposed to before. Getting that experience as afreshman in college was very helpful, as I am going into a career in engineering, and the skills inthis build group are crucial to that career. It was also impactful because it fostered personalgrowth and confidence-building. Getting to know and use some powerful tools, surrounded bywomen in engineering who are doing the same, was very empowering.”Co-Ed Group ResponsesWhat aspect of the building group had the most impact on you, and why?“Access to tools, I've never had access to before. I was raised by a single parent and whatevershe had and could use was what I was taught to use, but not much
Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 16(3-4), 377-401.[12] Forsyth, D. R. (2009). Group dynamics. Boston: Cengage Learning.[13] Wilkinson, S. (1996). The factors affecting the career choice of male and femalecivil engineering students in the UK. Career Development International, 1(5): 45-50.[14] Huang, G., Taddese, N., Walter, E. (2000). Entry and Persistence of Women andMinorities in College Science and Engineering Education. Education StatisticsQuarterly, 2(3): 59-60.[15] Takahira, S., Goodings, D. J., Byrnes, J. P. (1998). Retention and performance ofmale and female engineering students: An examination of academic andenvironmental variables. Journal of Engineering Education, 87(3): 297.[16] Stephen, M. (2007). A study into the factors that
of the comments from women indicated the usefulness of the skills and lessons taught inthe module. Several women spoke of the skills’ utility not only in school, but also in a career asa professional engineer and in their own personal lives. Only one noted that the module was notrelevant to engineering. Women’s comments on the usefulness and applicability of theprofessional and leadership skills include: “Lessons taught were very useful and applicable.” “I felt that this class taught me the fundamentals of being an engineer and how to be a leader.” “Engineering Leadership was a very informative and useful course. The material presented duringlectures was applicable and useful in our real and current lives
Award 2009, ASEE Minorities Award 2006, the SHPE Educator of the Year 2005, and the National Engineering Award in 2003, the highest honor given by AAES. In 2002 she was named the Distinguished Engineering Educator by the Society of Women Engineers. Her awards are based on her mentoring of students, especially women and underrepresented minority students, and her research in the areas of recruitment and retention. A SWE and ASEE Fellow, she is a frequent speaker on career opportunities and diversity in engineering.Anita Grierson, AZ State University ANITA E. GRIERSON is the Director of the METS Center in the Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering at ASU. Ms. Grierson has over 10 years corporate
careers; however,identifying and tracking these had not resulted in improved situations at most of thoseinstitutions.1 Prior to submitting the proposal similar documentation efforts had been ongoing atthe University of Maine. A 1992 internal report proposed ways to increase women faculty inscience and engineering. In 2003 the Office of Equal Opportunity concluded that for facultymembers hired in the 1980’s, men were significantly more likely to have been promoted toProfessor. One major issue identified in the literature involves the persistence of implicit biases,which are held by both women and men and which lead to individuals privileging male faculty
AC 2007-1476: CULTURES WITHIN CULTURES: WELCOMING ORUNWELCOMING FOR WOMEN?Elizabeth Godfrey, University of Auckland Elizabeth Godfrey is currently the Associate Dean Undergraduate at the School of Engineering at the University of Auckland after a career that has included university lecturing, teaching and ten years as an advocate for Women in Engineering. Her research interests have focussed on the Culture of Engineering Education and Gender but new research interests are opening up in the First Year Experience, Engineering Cultures and the evaluation of learning outcomes. Page 12.430.1
focused data-based research is conducted using these statistics.Launched Search for Knowledge Management Librarian: The Knowledge ManagementLibrarian will serve a key role in WKC development. WEPAN developed a solicitation incooperation with library professionals from Auburn University and posted it to several nationallibrary career search websites. A search team has been formed and applicant evaluation,interviews and selection will be completed in spring 2008. Page 13.1396.6Future WorkMuch work remains for the WKC. The community-building aspect of the WKC will provideexciting opportunities to uniquely link the knowledge (content) and wisdom
ascomplementary and not as mutually exclusive. One way to increase the technical pool andattract women and minorities to technical careers is to “change the conversation” 1 and focus onpromoting understanding of engineering and technology literacy to the public. Even withincreased efforts nationwide to recruit women and minorities in the STEM fields, there seems tobe a missing piece. How can the attrition rate of women and minorities be improved?Much attention has been paid to the attitudes and interests of female students regarding theirdesire to pursue postsecondary education in STEM as well as their persistence in these efforts.Various initiatives have been launched to increase the recruitment and retention of thesepopulations through outreach
, provide avisible recognition of the unique set of challenges faced by female faculty members inengineering.Results from the larger study indicate that even when controlling for many other individual andinstitutional characteristics, the proportion of undergraduate women in engineering has asignificant effect on women's intent to remain in the major and men's and women's interest inpursuing engineering as a career. Some institutions with low proportional enrollments ofwomen in engineering have found ways to offset some of the negative effects of the visibilitythrough a culture of interactions that communicate care and respect for student’s commitmentto engineering. Further research will compare how the impact of some measures of institutionaland
was 47.6%and included full-time, part-time, and post doc employment (NSF, NCSES, 2015). A 2015 USNews and World Report article notes that, despite a national focus supported by federalgovernment funding to encourage women and minorities to study science, technology,engineering and math (STEM), the STEM workforce is no more diverse than it was in 2001.The discussion of the lack of women in STEM academia follows the same discussion as the lackof women in STEM. The issue is challenged and addressed by researchers across the country.For example, the NSF ADVANCE (Increasing the Participation and Advancement of Women inAcademic Science and Engineering Careers) Program has been in existence for approximately 15years seeking solutions to these