Conference Session

Track 4 - Session II - Student and Curriculum Development II

Collection

2013 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Megan Elizabeth Sharp, IUPUI School of Engineering and Technology; Alison L. Stevenson, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

Tagged Topics

Student and Curriculum Development

pur- suits have provided exciting opportunities to gain international experience in Germany, India, Bangladesh, Guatemala, and Mali. Currently, Megan is working with an environmental consulting firm in Indianapolis and leading the first Global Solutions course at IUPUI. She looks forward to future opportunities to serve others in the field of international development.Mrs. Alison L. Stevenson, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Alison studied at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis for her undergraduate career and complete her Bachelor of Arts in German, Minor in International Politics, and Certificate in International Leadership in 2005. Upon graduation, she worked in the manufacturing

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues: Culture

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marie C Paretti, Virginia Tech; Courtney S Smith-Orr, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

-efficacy. In 2010, Joneset al. found mixed results in a study of first-year engineering students, with no statisticallysignificant differences associated with attainment, interest, utility, identification, or career-plans;although men did score higher with respect to self-efficacy and expectancy, the difference wassignificant only for expectancy10.In a related study, Jones et al. found few differences between men and women with respect toengineering identification, gender identification, GPA, or likelihood of changing major, andwomen reported higher perceptions of engineering ability11. The analysis also indicated noeffects for stereotype threat; notably, however, although both men and women scored relativelylow with respect to endorsing negative

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathleen Alfano, College of the Canyons

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

school teachers, andindustry professionals recruited to be teachers to acquire the technical knowledge andcertifications and pedagogical skills to teach renewable energy in their classrooms; 3)develop and implement a 2+2+2 pathway through partnership with high schools anduniversities to allow students interested in renewable energy careers to have a definedcareer ladder with multiple exit points integrated with industry certifications and collegecertificate and degree attainment; 4) conduct continuous assessment and evaluation withimbedded targeted research of curricular and professional development strategies toensure that student, faculty, and industry goals are attained; and, 5) disseminate both theproducts and the partnership process to

Conference Session

CEED - Technical Session 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manuel D. Rossetti, University of Arkansas; Edgar C Clausen, University of Arkansas; Carol Schubert Gattis, University of Arkansas; Micah Hale, University of Arkansas; Kim LaScola Needy, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

23.942.3integrated work experiences. In the following section, we discuss how the SIIRE program isstructured and how it operates.Structure of the SIIRE ProgramThe SIIRE program address the following objectives:1. To provide underrepresented and financially needy undergraduate students with information on the benefits and opportunities associated with graduate education,2. To provide underrepresented and financially needy undergraduate students with enhanced financial support and career experiences to improve the likelihood of completing both a BS and a MS in engineering,3. To provide personalized integrated industry and academic mentoring and professional development that results in increased enrollment and completion of graduate engineering

Conference Session

K-12 and STEM Programs in Engineering Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Zhan, Texas A&M University; Joseph A. Morgan, Texas A&M University; Matt Leonard, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

failures to reduce fear of taking risks, sparks studentcreativity and a passion for learning in STEM areas, builds students’ sense of pride andaccomplishment, provides opportunities for students to determine if they are interested inpursuing STEM careers, and develops an understanding of authentic engineering research anddesign.In 2012, NASA selected a total of six high schools in the vicinity of Houston to develop modulesfor use by NASA. The projects proposed by NASA for 2012 include: 1) Washing Machine; 2)Exercise Machine; 3) Mock up Space Station module; 4) A tool that quickly and simplymeasures all types of Hex and Allen sizes, 5) General Luminaire Assembly.To enhance the experience of the students, NASA sponsored two supplemental projects

Conference Session

Culture, Race, and Gender Issues

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

books thatfocused on biological sciences were found to contain significant biases especially related togender. These biases may influence how students feel about careers in science, technology,engineering and mathematics (STEM) areas and therefore may impact future workforces inSTEM fields.IntroductionEngineers and scientist utilize the principles and theories of science and mathematics to design,test, and manufacture products that are important to the future of our nation and the world.1 Thepercentage of college students seeking degrees in math, science and engineering disciplines hasbeen declining for the past two decades. This is in part because fewer potential science,technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors are completing

Conference Session

K-12 Robotics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krystal S Corbett, Cyber Innovation Center; JoAnn M. Marshall, Cyber Innovation Center/National Integrated Cyber Education Research Center

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

the University of Georgia. Her professional career has been dedicated to non-profit organizations in the form of events planning, development, grant writing, and coordinating educational activities for K-12 students. Page 23.1083.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 STEM Applications: Integrating Informal Learning with the Formal Learning EnvironmentAbstractMany times only a select group of students are able to participate in after school activities due tovarious reasons. Because only a few students are able to participate from a given class

Conference Session

Secondary (6-12) Outreach

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ethan Alexander Peritz, Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach; Morgan M Hynes, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

is the nature of the growing relationship between TuftsUniversity and Somerville High School, which is initiating a four year “pre-engineering”program for students in its Center for Career and Technical Education (CTE) with the help of theCenter for Engineering Education and Outreach (CEEO). This “pre-engineering” program drawsfrom a number of introductory collegiate engineering and service learning courses, focusing onproject-based, interactive class work, some elements of an inverted classroom model, andconstructionism. Additionally, the program’s development reveals issues that can arise incommunity-university partnerships, specifically the vital importance of communication betweenboth parties. Programs like “pre-engineering” also provide

Collection

2013 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Scott Bell; Tim Frey; Angie Miller; Eugene Vasserman

context-specific material into Scratch activities and how these could be applied in theirfuture teaching positions. This was a promising step towards empowering new teachers with theability to introduce programming into the K-12 curriculum and potentially increasing the numberof students that consider computing fields as career options in the future.AcknowledgmentsThis work was funded by a United States Department of Defense Education Activity Grant (AwardContract Number: HE1254-10-1-0032)References1 Lori Carter. Why students with an apparent aptitude for computer science don’t choose to major in computer science. SIGCSE Bull., 38(1):27–31, March 2006.2 Scratch, MIT lifelong kindergarten. http://scratch.mit.edu.3 Mark Guzdial. A media

Conference Session

Engineering Leadership Development Division Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Diana Bairaktarova, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Glen DePalma, Purdue University; Pouneh Eftekhari

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

, and change in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. Primary research projects explore the preparation of engineering doctoral students for careers in academia and industry and the development of engineering education assessment tools. She is a National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career (CA- REER) award winner and is a recipient of a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE).Glen DePalma, Purdue University Glen DePalma is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Statistics at Purdue University.Ms. Pouneh Eftekhari Page 23.520.1

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anil Saigal, Tufts University; Arun Karthik Saigal, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

; it does not appear to be true at the top ranked institutions. So what do these finding mean for graduate schools and graduate students? As the fraction ofdoctorates employed in tenure track positions in academia continues to decline and becomehighly competitive5, it might be more than ever important for graduate schools in general toredefine the PhD as also training for high-level positions in careers outside academia besidespreparing them for an academic position.  Figure 1 – Percentage of Faculty with Doctorate from the Home InstitutionTraditionally, PhD programs place emphasis on providing teaching and research opportunities tostudents as preparation for academic careers. For those that move into finding alternate non-academic

Conference Session

Trends and Applications in Curricula and the Capstone Experience

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel M. Dulaski PE, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) student chapter. Page 23.717.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013Improving Municipal Infrastructure in Capstone Through a Consulting Firm ModelThe capstone experience is the culmination of students’ academic careers. It must exposestudents to a world that will soon be extremely familiar for many – the life of a consultingengineer. In order to provide such an experience, programs throughout the country provide avariety of capstones that challenge students. Although some capstones offer opportunities thatdeliver a

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education (DEED) Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamed E. El-Sayed, Kettering University; Jacqueline A. El-Sayed, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

the final product.” 4. “An important concept to carry into my career is the cradle to cradle approach for engineering. I still would like to know more about it and how it is really done.” 5. ” If the environment does not survive then neither will we. I feel that the material was strong and explained everything fairly well and got the point across. The material was also well organized.” 6. “Good source of information and can show how things used to be and the harm that we are doing to the environment. Really shows how little things have a large impact due to the amount of usage they get, example light bulbs.”ConclusionsEnvironmental sustainability can be integrated with capstone courses for facing

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Bourn, Tribeca Flashpoint Media Arts Academy; Sarah C. Baxter, University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

students who don’t define themselves asmathematicians, but whose careers require what we will call “mathematical intuition” to supportthe use of technology in solving problems and to anticipate a correct solution.The goal of this paper is to describe a project-based learning experience that has the potential tohelp students build their mathematical intuition by requiring them to formally estimate within thesolution process. By requiring estimations, the project becomes open-ended; students understandthat their answers are not exact, or ‘right’, but are still valid. Framing the project as one thatcorresponds well to students’ sense of what one ‘does’ in their discipline provides a greaterdegree of student autonomy in completing the project because

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David A Saftner, University of Minnesota Duluth; Sara D. Ojard, University of Minnesota Duluth; Eshan V. Dave, University of Minnesota, Duluth; Nathan William Johnson, University of Minnesota Duluth; Eil Kwon; Rebecca Teasley, Civil Engineering University of Minnesota Duluth

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

civil engineering had more opportunities and a better experience in thespecialized model. However, students from the broader course mentioned in exit interviews thatthe opportunity to work in all areas of civil engineering helped clarify their desired career path.The practicing engineers reinforced this, observing that students without a clear interest area didnot become frustrated working in a single area and were able to discuss career options with agreater variety of mentors.In summary, the results show that both course models met the goal of preparing students foremployment as civil engineers. Many of the advantages and disadvantages could be addressed byadapting the current course models. For example, in the specialized model, the project

Conference Session

Engineering Management In The Classroom

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nora Honken, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

understanding. They increasingly draw on their experiences.Expert Mid-career Throughout their schooling and career, they have learned through physician many real interactions of treating patients and the results of their treatment plans. They now know how to recognize a pattern of symptoms and then use intuition to decide how to treat the patient.______________________________________________________________________________Dreyfus Model Applied to Engineering The Dreyfus model can be applied to an engineer’s development in a similar fashion.Table 4 shows characteristics of each level of expertise for an engineer

Conference Session

Topics in Biomass and Gasification Processes

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madhumi Mitra Ph.D, University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Corinne Johnson Rutzke, Corinne Rutzke

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

courses and currícula; 3) motivate and inspire students topursue careers in the STEAM disciplines with appreciation of sustainable issues; and 4)strengthening collaborations with existing partners as well as school systems for future projects(both research and education) on bioenergy and bio-based products and global climate change.Each NBBEP partner offers internships (summer field experience) and a NBBEP Institute duringthe summer at their site, immediately following the three-week enrichment and planning effortheld at Cornell University where all the site instructors and project leaders participate. This paperfocuses on the summer institute on Bioenergy and Bioproducts held at UMES led by the authors.2.0 NBBEP and the Kolb’s Experiential

Conference Session

Electrical Energy Courses, Labs, and Projects I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ona Egbue, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla MO; Suzanna Long, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Ean-Harn Ng, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

engineering. This workshop took place inNovember 2012, during “Expanding Your Horizons” (EYH) at Missouri University of Scienceand Technology. The EYH is a series of hands-on workshops that attracts 7th and 8th grade girlswith the aim of fostering interests in STEM subjects and STEM careers. The workshop consistedof two 50 minute sessions of approximately 15 students each and focused on basic concepts ofelectric vehicles and electric vehicles batteries including lithium which is a key component oflithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. These sessions were based on research conducted atMissouri University of Science and Technology and were designed to make the potentiallycomplicated topic easily understood and accessible to these students. Tests

Conference Session

Communication, Professional Development, and the Engineering Ambassador Network

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen A. Thole, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Sarah E Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Melissa Marshall, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Renata S. Engel P.E., Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #7046Engineering Ambassador Network: Dissemination through an Inaugural Na-tional WorkshopProf. Karen A. Thole, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Dr. Karen A. Thole is the head of the Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering at The Pennsyl- vania State University. She holds two degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois, and a Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin. After receiving her Ph.D., she spent two years as a post-doctoral researcher at the Institute for Thermal Turbomachinery at the University of Karslruhe in Germany. Her academic career began in 1994

Conference Session

Defining and Refining Technological and Engineering Literacy

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Presentacion Rivera-Reyes, Utah State University - Engineering Education; Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University; Raymond Edward Boyles, Technology and Engineering Education

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

NationalDefense Education Act in response to Sputnik that overseen the funding and implementation ofcurriculum [15]. A current funding source known as the Carl D. Perkins Career and TechnicalEducation Act holds accountability requirements in exchange to federal funds under this act tooffer overall leadership. The Act, which offers supervision, maintains a relationship with theOffice of Vocational and Adult Education [17]. Many other services now exist such as federallyfunded and state funded vocational rehabilitation services that offer training for employment(See Figure 1). 1876-1960 HISTORICAL VIEW OF 1960

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division - General Technical Session 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oscar Antonio Perez, University of Texas at El Paso; Mike Thomas Pitcher, University of Texas, El Paso; Pedro Arturo Espinoza, University of Texas, El Paso; Hugo Gomez, University of Texas, El Paso; Virgilio Gonzalez, University of Texas, El Paso; Herminia Hemmitt, University of Texas at El Paso; Randy Hazael Anaya, University of Texas, El Paso; Peter Golding, University of Texas, El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

done on the lasting impacts of the concepts taught during Exam 2 (i.e. doesthe perceived value of an iPad on specific course objectives substantially impact content retentionof those concepts later in the student’s academic career?) As we progress into the fourth year ofthis ongoing research, some of the questions to be addressed include: does engaging a student withtechnology on a difficult learning objective give them better mastery of that content area later inthe academic career; how does changing the perceived value of a course with technology, impactthe long-term perception of students value of essential learning objectives and their performanceand mastery of them throughout their career; does exciting students early on with

Conference Session

Robotics and Automation I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald C. Richter, Eastern Washington University; Joseph Cluever, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

University Joseph Cluever earned a B.A.and an M.S. in Mathematics from Eastern Washington University in 2003 and 2007, respectively. Cluever earned the B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Eastern Washington University in 2012. Page 23.185.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 An Undergraduate Research Project on Developing a 3D Vision System for an Industrial Robotics ProjectAbstractEngineering and Engineering Technology Students need to learn to innovate and embrace newtechnologies as they develop and progress through their careers. The undergraduate

Conference Session

Issues in Engineering Technology Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saeed Khan, Kansas State University, Salina

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

with engineering technology (ET) degrees end uphaving careers is engineering. Professor Land comes upon his conclusion from surveying over200 companies that hire both engineers and engineering technology graduates. The Departmentof Labor came to a similar conclusion when they turned down the petition for a separate code forengineering technologists. It is worthwhile to note that the Department used employment data ofET graduates to reach this decision.This paper looks at the immediate value of an engineering technology bachelor degree graduateto her employer by studying ETAC and EAC program criteria. Comparisons will be done for twopairs of similar degrees by looking at their ABET program requirements. The first will be acomparison between the

Conference Session

Reception & Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE International Forum

Authors

William Robinson, Stevens Institute of Technology; Michael Pennotti, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

ASEE International Forum

Design Simulation, involved twenty-eight early-career engineers whohad been selected for the Leadership Development Program of a large, international technology-based company. The students were enrolled in Stevens’ Systems Engineering Graduate programand were located in five geographically dispersed locations. This initial simulation provided thebaseline system design used in all of the subsequent simulations.The Design Simulation was initiated by defining specific roles. Class instructors acted as the“Customer” for the system being designed, developing the requirements and Statement of Work(SOW) for the system and making all the key program-level decisions, e.g., competitionwin/loss, throughout the simulation.The students’ functional leaders

Conference Session

K-12 Professional Development II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy V Ernst, Virginia Tech; Aaron C. Clark, North Carolina State University; Vincent William DeLuca, North Carolina State University; Laura Bottomley, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

experience.Fifth, teachers are members of learning communities.The NBPTS certification process is rigorous and detailed taking place during oneacademic year of teaching. During a given school year (of the teacher’s choosing) theteacher submits four portfolio entries and near the end of the school year, takes a writtenexamination comprised of six exercises at a NBPTS assessment center. If the teacher’sportfolio entries and examination meet the board’s standards, the teacher is grantedNBPTS certification. The NBPTS program certifies 24 teaching areas. Technologyeducation is included under the Career and Technical Education (CTE) certification area.With regards to CTE teachers, the National Board has identified thirteen standards (seeTable 1) that all

Conference Session

K-12 Robotics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

JoAnn M. Marshall, Cyber Innovation Center/National Integrated Cyber Education Research Center; Krystal S Corbett, Cyber Innovation Center; Geoffrey "G.B." Cazes, Cyber Innovation Center/National Integrated Cyber Education Research Center

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

career has been dedicated to non-profit organizations in the form of events planning, development, grant writing, and coordinating educational activities for K-12 students.Dr. Krystal S Corbett, Cyber Innovation CenterMr. Geoffrey ”G.B.” Cazes, Cyber Innovation Center/National Integrated Cyber Education Research Center G.B. Cazes serves as the Cyber Innovation Center’s (CIC) Vice President and Director of the CIC’s Na- tional Integrated Cyber Education Research Center (NICERC). The CIC is a 501c3 not-for-profit corpora- tion whose mission is to support the development of a knowledge-based economy throughout the region. To that end, the CIC developed NICERC to oversee its robust academic outreach and workforce devel

Conference Session

ECE Curriculum Improvement

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cordelia M Brown, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Dimitrios Peroulis, Purdue University; Greg Lammers, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

monitoring of aircraft engines. He has over 170 refereed journal and conference publications in the areas of microwave integrated circuits, sensors and antennas. He received the National Science Foundation CAREER award in 2008. His stu- dents have received numerous student paper awards and other student research-based scholarships. He is a Purdue University Faculty Scholar and has also received ten teaching awards including the 2010 HKN C. Holmes MacDonald Outstanding Teaching Award and the 2010 Charles B. Murphy award, which is Purdue University’s highest undergraduate teaching honor.Greg Lammers, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Conference Session

Building a Better Program - Construction Curriculum Enhancements

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark O. Federle, Marquette University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

program at Iowa State University, where he taught for nine years. In 1998, Mark was recognized by the ISU engineering student council as the outstanding Construction Engineering Faculty Member. In 1999, he was honored as the Outstanding Engineering Advisor. Mark’s career began in the construction industry working as a foreman, superin- tendent, and project manager for general contractors in Indiana and Michigan. Mark earned his PhD and Masters in Construction Engineering and Management from the University of Michigan. Mark is a li- censed Professional Engineer in Iowa and Wisconsin, a Certified Professional Constructor and is a Fellow in the American Society of Civil Engineers. Mark was awarded The Career Achievement

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences in Signal Processing and Controls

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean Jiang, Purdue University, North Central; Li Tan, Purdue University, North Central

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

LabView Program and DAQ BoardsAbstract We present our new pedagogy for teaching speech and audio processing implementations usingLabView program and DAQ (Data Acquisition) board. In the Electrical and ComputerEngineering Technology (ECET) curriculum, the LabView program and DAQ board dataacquisition have been used as a popular platform for teaching a real-time DSP (digital signalprocessing) course in the junior year. This course is the second signal processing course which isoffered in electrical and computer engineering technology (ECET) program according to thecurrent DSP industry trend and student interests in their career development. The course has asignificant component on real-time filtering applications. The pre-requisite includes

Conference Session

Engineering Leadership Development Division Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Toby Egan, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

influence an athlete’s drive and performance. Inlater years, organizations noticed the potential impact of coaches and coaching on manager andemployee behavior. 6 Employees who were “coached” were said to have higher job satisfactionand commitment to career and their organization. Within engineering and technology relatedcompanies—leader coaching behavior was associated with high productivity and processimprovement. 7For those engineering and technology firms integrating leader/manager coaching competencydevelopment, coaching has emerged as a leader’s obligation. Consultants developed leadershipcoaching programs, books and related trade publications. 3 Researchers have begun to establishthat employees value leader coaching which are viewed as