Conference Session

Integrating Design into the BME Curriculum

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe Tranquillo, Bucknell University; Daniel Cavanagh, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

their design project as a daily exercise in paperwork rather than a year-long experience of learning and implementing a technical design process. 2. The conclusion of the first semester of design can be unsatisfying Like many other institutions, our senior design is a two-semester sequence where the first semester concludes with a written design proposal and the second semester culminates in a functional deliverable. As such, teams are typically far from a final deliverable at the conclusion of the first semester. For students who are accustomed to finishing a course project at the end of the semester and experiencing a strong sense of completion, the first semester of the capstone leaves many students

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arun Ravindran, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Patricia Tolley, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Arindam Mukherjee, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

required for the course areprogramming using a high level language such as C/C++ or Java and an understanding of logicdesign, both which a typical undergraduate computer engineering student acquires at thesophomore or the junior level. An associated laboratory component was also developed, whereweekly hands-on laboratory sessions serve to reinforce the ideas learned in the lecture. Thecourse projects are drawn from a variety of disciplines which use high performance computingincluding bioinformatics, scientific computing, and signal processing. The course was assessedthrough pre and post tests, focus groups, and external evaluators drawn from faculty from otherdepartments. Our assessments indicate that the course has had a significant impact on

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Regina Hannemann, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

stillongoing. The author started teaching the class in Spring 2006. Since then each semester between19 and 33 students have been enrolled in the class, forming between five and nine teams.Status before RedesignThe senior design course prior to the redesign was structured as follows: • Each project became its own section of the senior design class. • Individual students or a team of students would work on a project, no rule existed on how many students were a minimum or maximum number for a team. • Each project had a faculty advisor. • The faculty advisor decided what deliverables were necessary for the project; no consistency existed for the whole class on reports or presentations. • The faculty advisor graded the projectThis

Conference Session

Solar, Wind, and Novel Energy-System Initiatives

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Recayi 'Reg' Pecen; Jill Humston, University of Northern Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Awards, UNI. Dr. Pecen is an Engineering Technology Editor of American Journal of Undergraduate Research (AJUR). He has been serving as a reviewer on the IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing since 2001. Dr. Pecen has served on ASEE Engineering Technology Division (ETD) in Annual ASEE Conferences as a paper reviewer, session moderator, and co-moderator since 2002. He is elected to serve as an officer on ASEE Energy Conversion and Conservation Division and serving on advisory boards of International Sustainable World Project Olympiad (isweep.org) and International Hydrogen Energy Congress.Jill Humston, University of Northern Iowa Jill Humston, Ph.D., is an

Conference Session

Faculty and Program Exchanges: Internationalizing, Collaborations and Interactions

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Voice, Michigan State University; Volodymyr Tarabara, Michigan State University; Mark Wiesner, Duke University; Merlin Bruening, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

International

AC 2009-2496: INTERNATIONALIZING TOMORROW’S RESEARCHERS –STRATEGIES AND EXPERIENCES FROM THE PARTNERSHIP FOREDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN MEMBRANE NANOTECHNOLOGIESThomas Voice, Michigan State University Thomas C. Voice is Professor and Director of the Environmental Engineering Program at Michigan State University, and Co-Director of the PERMEANT project described in this presentation. He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in environmental chemistry and environmental systems and processes. His research interests focus on the fate and transport of contaminants in environmental systems, environmental health, and physical-chemical processes and technologies. Much of this work has a significant

Conference Session

Programmatic Issues in Physics or Engineering Physics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Baha Jassemnejad, University of Central Oklahoma; Tim A Handy, University of Central Oklahoma; Scott L Murphy, University of Central Oklahoma; Evan C Lemley, University of Central Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

AC 2009-592: MENTORING INCOMING FRESHMNN STEM ENGINEERINGSTUDENTS BY SENIOR ENGINEERING STUDENTSBaha Jassemnejad, University of Central OklahomaTim A Handy, University of Central OklahomaScott L Murphy, University of Central OklahomaEvan C Lemley, University of Central Oklahoma Page 14.875.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009Mentoring of Freshmen STEM Engineering Students by Senior Engineering StudentsAbstractFor a month in the summer of 2008, six incoming freshmen STEM students (mentees) were mentoredby two senior undergraduate engineering students (mentors) in a robotics based project. The projectfocused on the “ground-up

Conference Session

Sustainability and Environmental Issues

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Belle Wei, San Jose State University; Patricia Backer, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

of climate change.Given this transdisciplinary systems approach, the college has programmatically encouraged andsupported the development of new green engineering curriculum and projects inside the college,and collaborated with Silicon Valley companies, many of which are at the forefront of greentechnologies. This is described in Section 2. The college has spearheaded a university-widecurriculum that brings together faculty and students from all seven colleges of the university indeveloping project-based interdisciplinary solutions; this is described in Section 3. Furthermore,to underscore the need for a transnational approach, the college has led the production of a globalgreen documentary, showcasing the collaborative efforts of people in

Collection

2009 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Neville Jacobs

that IEEE started 2 years ago, and whose purpose is to exposestudents at every level to technology projects of about 2 hours duration. The projects would conform to,and be part of the ongoing school science and math curriculums. I will not dwell on this program, as I’msure that others at this conference who will be talking about it. I see it as a key way to start getting agreater number of students, of all ages, familiar with what technology is all about.THE ROBOT CHALLENGE. This is an initiative from the Baltimore, Maryland, Section of IEEE, and is now in its 13th year.The purpose is to expose teams of boys and girls in High School (grades 9 though 12) to all the elementsof an engineering project, so that they can really see if this

Collection

2009 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Neville Jacobs

that IEEE started 2 years ago, and whose purpose is to exposestudents at every level to technology projects of about 2 hours duration. The projects would conform to,and be part of the ongoing school science and math curriculums. I will not dwell on this program, as I’msure that others at this conference who will be talking about it. I see it as a key way to start getting agreater number of students, of all ages, familiar with what technology is all about.THE ROBOT CHALLENGE. This is an initiative from the Baltimore, Maryland, Section of IEEE, and is now in its 13th year.The purpose is to expose teams of boys and girls in High School (grades 9 though 12) to all the elementsof an engineering project, so that they can really see if this

Conference Session

Professional Issues in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Chou, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Deborah Nykanen, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

had worked briefly(about 1-½ years) as a structural engineer in a fairly large engineering firm specialized inhydropower projects, the author still felt inadequate when attempting to relate the engineeringconcepts to engineering practice. Her work was focused on finite element analysis of varioussections of a dam. As a junior faculty in a research oriented university, the first author felt thepressure of “publish or perish”. Early in her career, she was contacted by ASCE regardingopportunities available for faculty members like herself to engage in practical engineeringexperience in the summer. The caller also indicated the lack of interest among faculty membersin this opportunity. The first author offered her dilemma of “publish or perish

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tayte Nelson, Oregon Institute of Technology; Jialu Xie, Oregon Institute of Technology; John Anderson, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

industry and government funded research projects. He is currently Co PI of a National Science Foundation Grant to facilitate the pipeline of new engineers into the aerospace manufacturing industry segment. Page 14.106.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Flexible Robotic ManufacturingAbstractThe following paper describes a hardware and software system used in modeling anautomatic flexible manufacturing system. This system was designed, constructed andtested by students at the Oregon Institute of Technology to model an agile manufacturingsystem. The focus of this system is exploring

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Applications

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Doyle, McMaster University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

AC 2009-2068: CORNERSTONE DESIGN: PRODUCT DISSECTION IN ACOMMON FIRST-YEAR ENGINEERING DESIGN AND GRAPHICS COURSEThomas Doyle, McMaster University Page 14.371.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009Cornerstone Design – Product Dissection in a Common First Year Engineering Design and Graphics CourseAbstractIn the senior year of an engineering program many students will have the opportunity to enroll incourses that offer Capstone engineering design projects [1]. In many engineering students’educational career these are the most interesting and rewarding courses because they offer thestudent the ability to apply the culmination of their education to an

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachid Manseur, State University of New York, Oswego; Adrian Ieta, State University of New York, Oswego

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

AC 2009-566: INTEGRATION OF AN INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING PROGRAMIN A SUNY COLLEGERachid Manseur, State University of New York, OswegoAdrian Ieta, State University of New York, Oswego Adrian Ieta holds a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering (2004) from The University of Western Ontario, Canada. He also holds a B.Sc. in Physics from the University of Timisoara, Romania (1984), a B.E.Sc. in Electrical Engineering from the Polytechnical University of Timisoara (1992), and an M.E.Sc. from The University of Western Ontario (1999). He worked on industrial projects within the Applied Electrostatics Research Centre and the Digital Electronics Research Group at the University of Western Ontario and is an IEEE

Conference Session

Assessing Design Course Work

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Schmidt, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; James Conrad, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; William Heybruck, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Daniel Hoch, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Deborah Sharer, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Linda Thurman, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Nabila (Nan) BouSaba, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Patricia Tolley, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Martin Kane, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

is currently an associate professor at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He has served as an assistant professor at the University of Arkansas and as an instructor at North Carolina State University. He has also worked at IBM in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and Houston, Texas; at Ericsson/Sony Ericsson in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and at BPM Technology in Greenville, South Carolina. Dr. Conrad is a Senior Member of the IEEE and a Certified Project Management Professional (PMP). He is also a member of ASEE, Eta Kappa Nu, the Project Management Institute, and the IEEE Computer Society. He is the author of numerous books, book chapters, journal articles, and

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computer-Oriented Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Hacker, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Krishna Madhavan, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

limited space, equipment, and high-end computing resources. Weare using the laboratory for two hands-on courses and four research projects, and have found thatthe flexible and reconfigurable concepts we have embedded into the design of the laboratoryhave already proven their worth. In this paper, we describe our efforts in developing this lab, thechallenges we face, specific goals and objectives, and specific outcomes we have alreadyobserved in the process of developing and utilizing this lab. The results presented in this paperwill be useful and interesting to groups seeking to develop curriculum and research programs inhigh performance computing and cyberinfrastructure.1.0 IntroductionThe department of Computer and Information Technology in

Conference Session

Instructional Strategies in AEC Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Megri, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

recognized as the key to an effective and efficient buildingoperating building. The process involved in the integration of a fire protection subsystem, alongwith additional MEP subsystems within a building is quite challenging, and can have a profoundimpact on the client’s satisfaction. This process becomes especially important once furthertechnological system integration within a proposed building is considered in addition to thepossibility of future system upgrades and their incorporation into the structure, as newertechnologies enter the market place. The objective of this paper is to discuss the project-basedlearning integrated with formal lectures approach in which the goal is the integration of safetyand fire protection measures into the

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Anderson, United States Air Force Academy; Matthew Snyder, United States Air Force Academy; Michael Maixner, United States Air Force Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

capstone courses.The manufacturing processes presented include wood working, machining, welding andcomposite lay-up. In addition, software tools are introduced and compared including MicrosoftExcel®, MatLAB®, MathCAD®, and Inventor®. Key aspects of technical communicationincluding reading, writing and presenting are introduced and practiced. Finally, a two-lessonseminar on engineering ethics completes the content. A small desk set is constructed by thestudents as a capstone project, and draws on many of the skills learned throughout the course.To evaluate the course, students were surveyed frequently and faculty feedback was collected.The results presented show that the welding, machining and Excel® content was very successful,while general

Conference Session

Engineering Design: Implementation and Evaluation

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gül Okudan, Pennsylvania State University; Alexander Yin, Pennsylvania State University; Saraj Gupta, Pennsylvania State University; Lisa Lattuca, Pennsylvania State University; Patrick Terenzini, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

tasks/projects, designs the process that teaching will be based on, setsthe assessment/expectation standards, and forms the teams. Teams that are given the design taskinfluence team composition by providing feedback to the instructor, the design process theyfollow, and expectations. All these actors and their activities in this dynamic design learningenvironment are influenced by predominantly outside parties setting the desired outcomes fordesign learning (individual and team level learning, and grades), design outcomes (perceptionsregarding teaming, communication - design report and artifact performance), and long termeffects (retention, increased interest in engineering). Figure 1 depicts these relationships. In thefigure, arrows indicate

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Innovation, International Cooperation, and Social Entrepreneurship

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Jordan, Baylor University; Ryan McGhee, Baylor University; Brian Thomas, Baylor University; Elizabeth Lemus, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

December 2008 with a joint M.B.A. degree and Master of Engineering degree. His graduate project included the creation of the company described in this paper.Brian Thomas, Baylor University Brian Thomas is a Senior Lecturer in Electrical and Computer Engineering at Baylor University. His research is focused on appropriate technology for the developing world, and in particular, electrification systems using renewable resources. He has deployed wind power, solar photovoltaic, and hydro power systems in Kenya, Uganda, Honduras, and Texas. He is co-founder and board member for the 501(c)3 organization Engineers with a Mission.Elizabeth Lemus, Baylor University Elizabeth Lemus in a junior

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Design

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natalie Cherbaka, North Carolina State University; Jerome Lavelle, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

the bridge between the engineering and management disciplines.6  The engineering manager possesses both the ability to apply engineering principles and a skill in organizing and directing people and projects.3EM programs are distinguished from systems engineering (SE) programs primarily by themanagement aspect. SE focuses on the development life-cycle from an operational andmathematical perspective with heavy emphasis on decision analysis, structured problem solvingapproaches, and the interaction/integration of systems. In contrast, an EM program focuses onmanaging SE efforts and engineering relationships with the rest of the organization. Along thespectrum of programs labeled as EM, those that rely heavily on industrial

Conference Session

Design Methodology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yvonne Toft, Central Queensland University; Prue Howard, Central Queensland University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2009-2395: VIRTUOUS REALITY: THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAFE DESIGNTHROUGH TRANSDISCIPLINARY TEAMSYvonne Toft, Central Queensland UniversityPrue Howard, Central Queensland University Page 14.1353.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Virtuous Reality: The Development of Safe Design through Transdisciplinary TeamsAbstractThe development of safe design as an aspect of professional practice has been the impetus for anaction learning project, using an innovative teaching model at CQUniversity, Australia. Thistransdisciplinary, project orientated, teaching and learning model, brings together the twodisciplines of ergonomics and

Conference Session

Applying What We Teach to IE Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lawrence Whitman, Wichita State University; Janet Twomey, Wichita State University; Barbara Chaparro, Wichita State University; Veronica Hinkle, Wichita State University

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

factory can impactthe environment. Understanding these cause-and-effect relationships is key to evaluating anddesigning a production system. This paper presents a short overview of a simulation-basedproject useful for Production Systems/Operations Management courses. The simulation isflexible to cover basic course content as well as recent industry trends involving sustainabilityissues and the lean enterprise. It proves challenging for instructors to present these topics in aconvincing manner to students, because many of these concepts, such as one-piece flow andreusable containers, are counterintuitive to traditional manufacturing logic. This paper presentsthe project itself, describes the application of modern production systems and the

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education: Cases and Models

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas Arion, Carthage College; Matt Wagner, Center for Advanced Technology and Innovation; Clifton Kussmaul, Muhlenberg College

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Alliance (NCIIA). Part of this expansion involves a web-based system including asearchable database and document management system containing over 300 industrial patentsavailable for licensing. The system enables faculty and students to request and receiveauthorization to pursue projects using specific IP. It also enables them to contribute and searchstudent project documents such as marketing studies, financial models, and design documentsthat could be utilized by other students and student teams, or by entrepreneurs under appropriatelicenses. This expansion also includes a user manual for student teams, and workshops to helpfaculty at other institutions integrate InovaED into their courses. The InovaED model anddatabase are now being used by

Conference Session

Introduction to Materials Courses

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Stolk, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Materials

control facilitate engagement, self-motivation, and creative approaches to learning. The course design leverages existingeducational research that suggests strong correlations between self-determination and creativity.By providing students with increasing levels of autonomy – and corresponding increases increative opportunity – throughout the semester, the project-based learning experiences enablestudents to connect materials science topics to personal interests and contexts. Students reportthat the course contributes positively to their creative thinking, and they emphasize the benefitsof freedom in choosing topics and learning strategies.IntroductionImagine yourself as a first-semester sophomore, entering the classroom on the first day of

Conference Session

OMCED Topics

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manhar Dhanak, Florida Atlantic University; Ronald Yeung, University of California, Berkeley; Spyros Kinnas, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

Austin, who have developedpredictive tools for the design and matching of propulsion systems. FAU maintains closecollaboration with the Center for Innovative Ship Design, NSWC-CD (CISD) in directing seniorstudent design projects and through internship participation.The education and training activities associated with the program, specific to ship design andnaval engineering, has involved (i) assignment of pertinent senior design projects requiringdesigning, building and testing of ship systems, (ii) summer internships at CISD and relatedindustry that provide practical training and motivation in support of the NNRNE program, (iii)graduate courses, theses and dissertations, (iv) program enhancements, (v) outreach to highschool and undergraduate

Conference Session

Modern Software Measurement Techniques

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xiaojing Yuan, University of Houston; Heidar Malki, University of Houston; Gangbing Song, University of Houston; Consuelo Waight, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

integration arechallenges, introducing wireless sensor network technology into undergraduate research can helpattract and prepare future engineers. To achieve this goal, we started with individualized researchexperiences.The multi-disciplinary program involves faculty from two colleges and three departments; the 10projects ranges from smart material based transducer, to networking protocol development,information security of the wireless networking, and wireless sensor network in biomedicalapplications. The program is designed to provide opportunities for promising undergraduates inEngineering and Engineering Technology to engage in interdisciplinary research projects duringa 10 week summer period. It is hosted by the Engineering Technology

Conference Session

Assessment and Curriculum Development

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Hall, Louisiana Tech University; Stan Cronk, Louisiana Tech University; James Nelson, Louisiana Tech University; Patricia Brackin, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

for Entrepreneurship and Information Technology (CEnIT).Patricia Brackin, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Dr. Patricia Brackin is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Rose-Hulman University. Her research interests are engineering design and assessment. Page 14.619.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 The Facilitation of Lifelong Learning Skills through a Project- Based Freshman Engineering CurriculumAbstractEngineering accreditation criteria, as well as the Engineer of 2020 report, list lifelong learning asa critical attribute of future engineers. While exercises

Conference Session

Engineering Education in India, Central and Eastern Asia

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xia Wang, Oakland University; Gary Barber, Oakland University; Laila Guessous, Oakland University; LianXiang Yang, Oakland University; GuangZhi Qu, Oakland University; Ishwar Sethi, Oakland University

Tagged Divisions

International

paramount for U.S. engineers and researchers to develop the skills and backgroundnecessary to effectively work, communicate and innovate on an international scale and to be ableto collaborate on complex engineering and research projects with colleagues and collaboratorsacross the world. Countries such as China and India, by virtue of their size, are graduating everincreasing numbers of engineers and scientists each year and are making great strides inscientific research. The effects of the globalization of science, engineering and manufacturinghave been particularly felt in rust-belt states such as Michigan and Ohio where the loss of marketshare by the big three U.S. automakers has resulted in large job losses and a migration of agrowing number of

Conference Session

International Study Abroad Programs

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

E James Nelson, Brigham Young University; Rollin Hotchkiss, Brigham Young University; Lourdes Manley, Brigham Young University; Oscar Dzul, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas; Joshua Draper, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

size of the world and significantly reduce the technical difficulties and complexitiesassociated with forming international project teams. Consequently, companies in many industriesnow face a need to cooperate and work with people from other cultures and value systems inorder to remain competitive.Although many of the physical challenges related to globalization have been overcome, socialchallenges including communication and cultural, economic, and political differences remain.The skills required to deal with such challenges have generally been overlooked by traditionalengineering education, which has focused primarily on teaching the technical skills necessary forstudents to be successful engineers. Communication, leadership, teamwork, and

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical Engineering Technology

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shiyoung Lee, Pennsylvania State University, Berks

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

servo motor. The Ultraware setup and programming software for Ultra series acservo motor will be examined. The final design project is given to three student groups with fourmembers each. Each group builds a four-level elevator using a stepper motor as the prime moverand necessary sensors. The major criteria for the elevator project are application of HMI terminalfor the elevator control and accurate position control of the stepper motor. The assessmentmethod of the developed motion control components is included as the conclusion of this paper.IntroductionPenn State Berks offers a year-long PLC course for both EET (Electrical EngineeringTechnology) and EMET (Electro-Mechanical Engineering Technology) students. Thefundamentals of PLC (EET220