Conference Session

Engineering Libraries (ELD) Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet Fransen, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

and appointments with peer researchconsultants. Access points related to consultations with archivists and media librarians wereadded in Spring 2012.Working with campus institutional research staff, we were able to correlate Fall 2011 library usewith higher term GPA and retention for first year students while controlling for other variablesrelated to student success.1 The Student Success line of inquiry is useful for demonstrating thatsuccessful students do find value in the library. However, as students move beyond their firstyear, the factors contributing to student success become increasingly complex and interrelated.Therefore, while we continue to collect first year data and plan to check the correlation strengtheach semester, we are not

Conference Session

Engineering in the Middle Grades

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Schnittka, University of Kentucky; Michael Evans, Virginia Tech; Brett Jones, Virginia Tech; Carol Brandt, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

ability to reduce heat transfer. Material choices were: bubble wrap, aluminumfoil, colored construction paper, colored foam sheets, metallic Mylar film, wooden sticks, cottonballs, and small paper cups. For a more detailed description of the curriculum, seeSchnittka (2009 a)3 or Schnittka (2009 b)4.In the after-school studio setting, students worked in small teams of two with a volunteerfacilitator to test materials, design the dwelling, test the dwelling, and create virtualrepresentations of their designs and ideas, write about their design decisions, materials used andfinal design. Volunteer facilitators were university students, and were key to motivating thestudents and keeping them focused on the design goals

Conference Session

Innovative Teaching Methods and Learning Models

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ross B Kaplan, Wentworth Institute of Technology; Timothy M Johnson P.E., Wentworth Institute of Technology; Ralf Oliver Schneider, Wentworth Institute of Technology ; Shankar Muthu Krishnan, Wentworth Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

units, writing programs for initializingthe sensor then controlling the requesting of data from the sensor and passing the data to thenetwork, adding a temperature application to the Chronos watch display, and writing the peer-to-peer protocol. The wireless microcontroller software flow is shown in Figure 2. Page 22.34.6Figure 2. Wireless microcontroller software flow.Industrial design aspectsIn the present project, special effort was made to include team members from differentdisciplines. One of the disciplines was Industrial Design whose practitioners give form andfunction to objects. This creative science utilizes knowledge of the arts

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Technical Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara A. Masi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Shanette A. Go; E. Hosoi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

encourage undergraduateinstitutions to ensure that students graduating from their engineering programs can applyengineering knowledge, carry out experiments required in engineering work, but also are able tocommunicate in writing and orally, work in multidisciplinary teams, carry out the engineeringdesign process, and understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global or society context.Shulman12 argues that ABET’s Criterion 3 (a-k) are no longer sufficient. Nor have these learningoutcomes been fully achieved, particularly in providing curricula that help graduates address thecontemporary complexity of socio-technical engineering problems. Recently, Duderstadt4 called

Conference Session

ERM: Mentoring for Everyone! And Let's talk about Graduate Students

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Jensen; Julie Martin, The Ohio State University; Deepthi Suresh

Paper ID #37196Perceptions of shared experiences in mentoring relationships:a collaborative autoethnographyJulie Martin Julie P. Martin is a Fellow of ASEE and an associate professor of Engineering Education at The Ohio State University. Julie’s professional mission is to create environments that elevate and expand the research community. She is the editor- in-chief of Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, where her vision is to create a culture of constructive peer review in academic publishing. Julie is a former NSF program director for engineering education and frequently works with

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 5: Design and Robotics

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Hammond, University of Indianapolis; Joan Martinez, University of Indianapolis; Elizabeth Ziff

survey, after being introduced to principles of design methodologies andhuman factors, and then were required to provide the questionnaire to two other non-engineeringstudents or professionals. The first-year engineering students collected the completed surveys oftheir non-engineering peers and responded to three open-ended questions related to commonalitiesand differences in understanding the ambiguous interfaces.In three cohorts’ reflections (99), nearly half attributed the variation of responses to differences inexperiences and shared understandings. Other explanations for the observed variation in responseswere disciplinary differences (23), difference of interpretation of instruction (30), and commonsense (20). The series of ambiguous

Conference Session

First-year Programs: Virtual Instruction in the First Year 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Haritha Malladi, University of Delaware; Amy Trauth, University of Delaware; Joshua A. Enszer, University of Delaware; Marcia Gail Headley, University of Delaware; Jenni Buckley, University of Delaware

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

experiencein a face-to-face (FTF) instructional setting. Inspired by well-established FYE curricula [4], [8]–[10], the learning objectives for the course focused on the engineering design process [11], [12],interdependency of the engineering disciplines through NAE’s Grand Challenges of Engineering[13], cross-cutting theoretical concepts such as mathematical modeling and conservation ofenergy, and durable professional skills like teamwork and technical writing. Delivered in a large-enrollment section format (ca. 350 students per section), the course was co-taught by 2-3 facultyinstructors and leveraged a cadre of undergraduate teaching assistants (25:1 student-to-TA ratio)to provide personalized coaching to student teams as they worked through the two

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Victoria Beth Sellers, University of Florida; Idalis Villanueva, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

items from the survey. Due to page limitsin this work-in-progress study, we opted to include strategies used by women by engineering role(faculty, student, employer, etc.) in future work. Thus, we only present strategies womenengineers communicated in their writing when they were asked to expand upon a situational HCthey had to overcome in engineering.Demographics Out of the participants who shared a strategy (n = 154), the majority were 18-29-years-old (n = 121, 79%) (Table 1: Demographic characteristics of participants). Because weintentionally oversampled at some institutions, minoritized groups (n = 69, 45%) were morerepresented in this sample than is typical in engineering. Most of the participants did not considerthemselves to be

Conference Session

Novel Strategies for Studying Liberal Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joanna K. Garner, Old Dominion University; Karen A. Thole, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

at Urbana- Champaign and a PhD from the University of Texas at Austin.Mr. Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Michael Alley is a professor of teaching for engineering communications at Pennsylvania State Univer- sity. He is the author of The Craft of Scientific Writing (Springer, 2018) and The Craft of Scientific Presentations (Springer-Verlag, 2013). He is also founder of the popular websites Writing as an Engineer or Scientist (www.craftofscientificwriting.com) and the Assertion-Evidence Approach (www.assertion- evidence.com). American c Society for Engineering Education, 2020Work In Progress (WIP): A Systematic Review of

Conference Session

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Use of Technology and Tools for K-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Henry M. Clever, New York University; Allison Graham Brown, New York University ; Vikram Kapila, New York University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

students’support in performing preliminary research to generate experimentally validated data for theproposal. This approach produced a contagious excitement and ownership because manystudents in sections following earlier introductory sections knew what to expect; their peers fromearlier sections had shared the idea outside of class. Furthermore, hands-on interactionsembedded in PBL4 allowed students to “do something” to “learn about something,” instead ofthe usual classroom teaching with singular focus on “learn about something.” At the start of theMUAV lesson, students drew names out of a hat to choose between four possible roles: pilotingthe MUAV, timing MUAV flight to measure its ground speed over a set number of parkingspaces located behind the

Collection

AEE Journal

Authors

Jae-eun Russel; Mark Andersland; Sam Van Horne; John Gikonyo; Logan Sloan

checking, discus-sions, debates, and various tasks involving application, analysis or problem-solving, student-centeredapproaches require students to learn course materials prior to a class meeting (McCallum et al., 2015),typically through assigned readings or lecture videos along with quick quizzes or short write-ups. Be-cause students in student-centered courses interact with course materials in a timely manner to preparebetter for class meetings, they tend to avoid the cramming style of study for summative assessmentscompared with students in lecture-based courses (Gross et al., 2015; Hutchings & Quinney, 2015). Research in student-centered instructional approaches has reported positive outcomes in studentlearning (e.g., Freeman et al

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Carol S. Stwalley, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Robert Merton Stwalley III P.E., Purdue University at West Lafayette; Grace Lynn Baldwin; Virginia Lynn Booth-Womack, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Sarah Larose

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

between abstract concepts and the practice of their profession [30].The benefits of professional practice in the undergraduate educational experience are numerous.Students that get to view and participate in activities typical of those within their professionduring their collegiate years are retained in school at higher rates than those who do not getsimilar experiences [31]. More maturity, a greater independence of thought and action, and awell-developed sense of responsibility have all been noted in professional practice studentsrelative to their non-participating peers [32]. Dressler & Keeling [33] suggest that a deeperanalysis of the extent of student learning through professional practice includes: an increase indisciplined thinking; an

Conference Session

Course Design, Course Projects, and Student Perceptions in Chemical Engineering

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lucas James Landherr, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

available for students, a course contribution project was introduced in aheat and mass transfer course. This project required students to find potentially fun and effectivemeans to communicate topics related to the course subject matter, with the project deliverablesproviding new learning tools that could be used to help other students learn. Students were given several potential project types to select from: writing sample examproblems, for which both problem statements and solutions were required; producing a 5-minutevideo; writing and drawing a 10-page comic; or developing an experimental module that could bereplicated by other students. Students also developed their own original projects, includingcomputer simulations and board games

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derek David Riley, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Division

fixes over SPL (maintainability) goals.In this work we investigate a couple of research questions including: can incorporating SPL intoan undergraduate software engineering course sequence improve student learning outcomesrelated to writing maintainable, reliable, and reusable code? We are also interested in answeringthe question of whether incorporating SPL can improve the quality of documentation created bystudents. To work toward answers to these questions we present a case study of the two-semesterdevelopment of an SPL in a senior-level undergraduate software engineering course sequenceusing a real-world mobile application. We present key strategies for motivating positive learningoutcomes including an adapted Scrum process designed to

Conference Session

Professional Issues and Opportunities for Engineering Librarians

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Michael Fosmire, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

of one being a peer reviewed publication. Citations are appropriately used and formatted.The above example is the only institution that didn’t use their capstone design to measure 3.g.Another institution used the VALUE rubric for Oral and Written Communication to assess 3.g),(Cooney [19] maps all of the VALUE rubrics to ETAC student outcomes) which contains anoutcome “Sources and Evidence” with a rubric description at the ‘proficient’ level of Demonstrates skillful use and citing of high-quality, credible, relevant sources to develop ideas that are appropriate for the discipline and genre of the writing. [20]This institution also indicated that they had an embedded information literacy outcome, The ability

Conference Session

Freshman Design and Other Novel Programs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Willits, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

evaluate your experiment/demonstration as a Biotransport student and solve all relevant equations, analyze the results and discuss the outcomes. Your team is responsible for the design of an experiment, including the equations and mathematics behind the experiment, a sample apparatus (if necessary), a description of the set-up for a TA/moderator, parameters for the experiment and a sample laboratory write-up/handout. Additionally, you will need to video-record a model presentation. Be sure to have a hypothesis or purpose to the experiment, background on what the students will learn and why it is important (in other words, what will they learn?). You may also design ‘props’ that will be used in

Conference Session

Communication and Engineering Careers: Motivating Our Students

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie E. Sharp, Vanderbilt University; Christopher J Rowe, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Education and Training Writing for her ASEE 2012 Proceedings article, ”Behavioral Interview Training in Engineering Classes.” In 2004, she earned the ASEE Southeastern Section’s Thomas C. Evans Award for the most out- standing paper pertaining to engineering education. As a consultant, she has edited and written documents and presented workshops for educators, industry, and professional organizations.Dr. Christopher J Rowe, Vanderbilt University Dr. Christopher J. Rowe, M.Eng., Ed.D., is associate professor of the Practice of Engineering Manage- ment and Director of the Division of General Engineering at Vanderbilt University. He holds degrees in biomedical engineering, management of technology, and higher education

Conference Session

General Topics in Graduate Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

effectively uses modern technology whileteaching at Miami University. He has utilized World Wide Web and InteractiveVideo Distance Learning extensively in addition to other teaching techniques. W.W.W.and I.V.D.L. actually supplement other routinely used audio visual techniques such aspower point presentations, tutorials, problem-solving sessions, written research reports,peer group discussions, poster presentations etc. The author utilizes a variety of instructional tools to communicate with studentswho may prefer to have different learning styles (Kolb, 1985). The author alsorecommends and encourages students to utilize the resources that are readily available atthe university, such as Library, Writing Center, Computer Laboratory, etc

Conference Session

Classroom Management

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan C. Morales, Universidad del Turabo; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

to theclassroom; an overview of Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) and their potential use for“flipping the classroom”. Faculty were also requested to perform the following: create apanoramic outline (divide each course into 30 class sessions) prior to starting the SFIP in June;write granular learning outcomes for each and every class session during the SFIP; and prepare areview sheet for students per exam that is based on the learning outcomes created during theSFIP. Partial results of the SFIP are also provided.Introduction The Summer Faculty Immersion Program (SFIP) strives to ignite and sustain innovativeclassroom practices in engineering and physics courses in a manner that will promote lastingchange in the faculty. In essence

Conference Session

Holy Cow! We’re Going Online When? 

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Monica Palomo P.E., California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Bettina Jeanine Casad, University of Missouri - St. Louis

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

taken in March of 2020, there was no time forsuch course development and planning.On the other hand, synchronous online learning or instruction takes place at a fixed schedule andin real-time where the instructor and learners interact in diverse and planned ways. Classengagement can happen via discussion (e.g., written chat, verbal communication, etc.), and withimmediate feedback (e.g., via polls, verbal comments, etc.) from instructors or peers. It allowsspontaneity and flexibility of the questions, answers, or content presented; and it promotesimmediacy or community development. The rigidity of the schedule and potential technicaldifficulties are drawbacks of synchronous online learning environments. The time and resourcesrequired to design

Conference Session

Retention

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Niranjan Hemant Desai, Purdue University Northwest; George Stefanek, Purdue University Northwest

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

programs such as developing an active learning environment, increasing the use of technology in the classroom, and the use of peer mentors to better relate the challenges freshman students face in understanding classroom material.4) Strategies focused on retaining student interest in their chosen discipline. These strategies include incorporating modules into freshman courses that involve the solving of practical engineering problems, and demonstrating the application of classroom concepts to real-world problems.5) Strategies focused on incorporating more hands-on components into the classroom.Table 1 presents all the retention techniques that have been summarized in this paper. The tablecomprises the reference number corresponding to

Collection

AEE Journal

Authors

Ryan Solnosky P.E.; Joshua Fairchild

Challenging designs within the disciplines • Formulation of assignments to promote collaboration by means of: SS Topic background and code provisions research SS Alternative studies portion4 FALL 2017ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATIONSurvey Tools for Faculty to Quickly Assess Multidisciplinary Team Dynamicsin Capstone Courses SS Narrowing and refinement of designs SS Communication designs to peers SS Technical writing Because the classroom organization and team formulation resulted in a small sample size, thisarticle reports findings based primarily upon qualitative inquiry (although quantitative data wascollected). As

Conference Session

Software Engineering Projects

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James N. Long, Oregon Institute of Technology; Linda Sue Young, Oregon Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

from the University of Virginia. She has served as department chair of the Communication Department and has taught a wide range of writing and communication courses. She was instrumental in the design of the bachelor’s degree in Communication Studies at OIT. Areas of interest include the overlap of game design and learning systems, media and the communication styles of Japan, creativity and communication, and conversation analysis. Page 22.1091.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Multiplayer On-Line Role Playing Game Style Gradingin a Project Based Software Engineering

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering: Student Growth

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Jensen, United States Air Force Academy; Luke Jensen; William Allison; Adam Goodworth; Douglas Fontes

of Colorado in Denver and a Fellow at the International Design Center which is the largest design research center in the world. This center is located at both the Singapore University of Technology and Design and at MIT. He also runs an engineering consulting company (Creo Consulting) which specializes in training in innovation enhancements for engineering design. Dr Jensen regularly teaches courses in “Innovation in Product/Systems Design”. He has trained hundreds of design teams in “Innovation in Design of Products, Processes and Services” and has overseen the creation of dozens of patents. He has written over 135 peer-reviewed publications and has secured foundation, research and consulting grants for approximately

Conference Session

Assessing Hard-to-Measure Constructs in Engineering Education: Assessment Design and Validation Studies

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Madison E. Andrews, University of Texas at Austin; Priyadarshan N. Patil, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Electromagnetic Induction Problems. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 13(1), 215.Borrego, M., Foster, M. J., & Froyd, J. E. (2014). Systematic Literature Reviews in Engineering Education and Other Developing Interdisciplinary Fields. Journal of Engineering Education, 103(1), 45-76. doi:10.1002/jee.20038Ferretti, R. P., MacArthur, C. A., & Dowdy, N. S. (2000). The effects of an elaborated goal on the persuasive writing of students with learning disabilities and their normally achieving peers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(4), 694.Gainsburg, J., Fox, J., & Solan, L. M. (2016). Argumentation and decision making in professional practice. Theory Into Practice, 55(4

Conference Session

Labs and Experiential Learning

Collection

2021 Illinois-Indiana Regional Conference

Authors

Gurcan Comert; Zulfikar Berk, University of South Carolina; Robert Petrulis; Balaji Iyangar; Esmail M Abuhdima, Benedict college; Negash Begashaw, Benedict College

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Labs and experiential learning

designed problems and activities. However, in the summer of 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the program had to be transitioned into a virtual research experience. In this study, we reflecton our experiences as supervising faculty, and the results of pre- and post-experience surveys completedby four groups of undergraduate researchers. In contrast to previous years’ REUs, team interactions werenot possible in the virtual environment, and activities were mainly training programs. Students were ableto work with previously collected real data and write code. The participants’ final presentations weretechnically better than those in the previous two years. Regarding the development of so-called soft skills,student engagement, team working skills

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design Constituents

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Wankat, Purdue University; Kamyar Haghighi, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

. Because of the large number of concentrations withinMDE, it is difficult and perhaps impossible to write a single performance objective for the MDEprogram. Thus, objective II is phrased as meeting “one or more of the following milestones.”For objectives II.2 and II.5 we will count degrees, certificates, and so forth. For objectives II.1,II.3 and II.4 we have carefully defined terms and will use them to determine if the objectiveshave been satisfied. The performance target is that 75% of graduates will satisfy Objective II. Aplan was developed to determine if graduates are meeting the program objectives listed in Table4. Because MDE had only one graduate at the time of the ABET visit and will not have a largenumber of graduates before the next

Conference Session

Research Experiences at Two-year Colleges

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College; Nicholas Patrick Langhoff, Skyline College; Wenshen Pong P.E., San Francisco State University; Hamid Mahmoodi, San Francisco State University; Xiaorong Zhang, San Francisco State University; Cheng Chen, San Francisco State University; Kwok Siong Teh, San Francisco State University; Zhaoshuo Jiang P.E., San Francisco State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

college3.Improving post-secondary student retention and success has been the subject of many studies.For example, Kuh’s multi-phased study identified high-impact practices including first-yearseminars and experiences, common intellectual experiences, learning communities, writing-intensive courses, collaborative assignments and projects, undergraduate research,diversity/global learning, service learning/community-based learning, internships, and capstonecourses and projects.4 Another study published by the California State University Chancellor'sOffice shows that "Participation in high-impact practices has been shown to improve bothlearning and persistence for all students, but especially for the historically underserved."5 Thisstudy also

Conference Session

Making an Impact: Building Support with Data and Design

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Figueiredo, University of Waterloo; Angela Henshilwood, University of Toronto; Michelle Spence, University of Toronto; Mindy Thuna, University of Toronto; Siu Hong Yu, University of Waterloo

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

the civiland environmental engineering (CEE) project, and were the only Canadian universities to do so.Nine institutions from the United States also participated. Librarians from each institutionattended training provided by Ithaka S+R at the University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware inOctober 2017. As all institutions would be following the same protocol, the training included anintroduction to the project methodology, a lecture and hands-on exercises on interviewtechniques, tips on recruitment strategies, instructions and practice for coding interviewtranscripts, and guidance on writing the final report that each institution was expected to do. TheAmerican Society for Civil Engineering (ASCE) was also a project sponsor, as they have

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan Bobby Tang Dan, Vaughn College of Aeronautics & Technology; Shouling He, Vaughn College of Aeronautics & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

membersafter-school and weekends during the school year. The veteran team members were individualswho have experience competing on VEX high school and college teams and were able to act ascoaches and mentors. The participating students were divided into teams of 10 members for thehigh school division and 12 members for the middle school division. During summer and winterbreak, students were given intensive training three days per week, which provided the necessaryknowledge and skills to increase their capability in both VEX Robotics and robotics engineering.The training course incorporated the working principles of mobile robots, engineering design,computer aided design (CAD) software, mathematics, physics, computer programming, andtechnical writing