Conference Session

Development as Faculty and Researcher: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Pulford, University of Washington Center for Engineering Learning & Teaching (CELT); Nancy Ruzycki, University of Florida; Cynthia J. Finelli, University of Michigan; Laura D Hahn, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Denise Thorsen, University of Alaska, Fairbanks

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

aircraft engineer. Her research and professional interests include faculty development, innovations in engineering communication education, engineering student learning motivation, and nar- rative structure in technical communication.Dr. Nancy Ruzycki, University of Florida Director of Undergraduate Laboratories, Faculty Lecturer, Department of Materials Science and Engi- neeringDr. Cynthia J. Finelli, University of Michigan Dr. Cynthia Finelli, Director of the Center for Research on Learning and Teaching in Engineering and research associate professor of engineering education at University of Michigan (U-M), earned B.S.E.E., M.S.E.E., and Ph.D. degrees from U-M in 1988, 1989, and 1993, respectively. Prior to joining U

Collection

2015 ASEE Workshop on K-12 Engineering Education

Authors

Mohamad Musavi, University of Maine; Cary Edward James, Bangor High School; Ali Abedi, University of Maine

high school have the opportunity to collaborate and further learn from the presenting teamand in follow up communications and meetings. B. Sensor Network for Data collection (Module 1) 1. Engineering Design of Stationary Data Collection UnitsWith the guidance of the University of Mainefaculty from the Laboratory for SurfaceScience and Technology (LASST) and theSenator George J. Mitchell Center forEnvironmental and Watershed Research,graduate and undergraduate students havedesigned, built, and tested stationary sensorunits (Figure 2) to be placed in localcommunity waterways based on therecommendation of local water districts.After data processing using on board microcontrollers, the data will wirelessly

Conference Session

General Technical Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mihaela Radu, SUNY Farmingdale State College; Clint S. Cole, Digilent, Inc.; Mircea Alexandru Dabacan, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca; Monica Ignat Bot, Digilent; Alex Wong, Digilent, Inc.; Joe Harris, Digilent, Inc.

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

beintegrated with lectures in the classroom or online, home projects, or when students want to tryout their own ideas, explore creative projects and ideas, using their own computers andassociated free computer-based-tools. Enriching students educational experiences, by providingopportunities inside and especially outside the traditional classroom and laboratory setting,enhance learning6. It is well supported by educational research that people retain 10% of whatthey hear but retain as much as 90% of what they “learn by doing” 6. The inexpensiveprogrammable hardware platforms enable students to quickly and easily experiment withadvanced technologies and build and test real-world, functional designs anytime and anywherestudents prefer to work7.Trying to

Conference Session

First Year Programs Division Poster Session: The Best Place to Really Talk about First-Year Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noah Salzman, Boise State University; Janet Callahan, Boise State University; Gary LeRoy Hunt, Boise State University; Carol Sevier, Boise State University; Amy J Moll, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

had the following stated goals10: • Solve problems involving applications of algebra and trigonometry in engineering. • Solve problems involving applications of vectors and complex numbers in engineering. • Solve problems involving applications of systems of equations and matrices in engineering. • Solve problems involving applications of derivatives in engineering. • Solve problems involving applications of integrals in engineering. • Solve problems involving applications of differential equations in engineering. • Use MATLAB to solve a variety of introductory engineering mathematics problems. • Conduct a variety of physical experiments using engineering laboratory equipment. Write proper technical

Conference Session

Shaping the Future: Structured Mentoring for Today's Diverse Engineering Student Populations

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Gordon, Georgia Institute of Technology; Comas Lamar Haynes, Georgia Institute of Technology; Gary S. May, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

National Laboratory. His research includes modeling steady state and transient behavior of advanced energy systems, inclusive of their thermal management, and the characterization and optimization of novel cycles. He has advised graduate and undergradu- ate research assistants and has received multi-agency funding for energy systems analysis and develop- ment. Sponsor examples include the National Science Foundation, Department of Energy and NASA. Dr. Haynes also develops fuel cells and alternative energy systems curricula for public and college courses and experimental laboratories. Additionally, he is the co-developer of the outreach initiative, Educators Lead- ing Energy Conservation and Training Researchers of

Conference Session

Utilizing Digital Technologies in Classroom and Distance Learning in ET Programs

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Turner, Purdue University (Statewide Technology)

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

comparison. First, a method of converting the traditionallecture based instructional content into web-based videos using a low-cost do-it-yourself smartboard is presented, as well as the organization of video content into online playlists for ease ofviewing. Second, methods of monitoring student completion of out-of-class assignments areevaluated, and the use of low-stakes online quizzes is presented as such a tool. The restructuringof class time is then discussed, including the use of deep learning activities, problem basedlearning, peer instruction, laboratory based learning, and traditional problem sets. The paper isconcluded with a summary of reports on student’s perceptions of the flipped methodology.Throughout the paper, both the benefits and

Conference Session

Practical Teaching in Manufacturing - 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel H. Huang, University of Cincinnati; Sam Anand, University of Cincinnati; Manish Kumar, University of Toledo; Imelda Castañeda-Emenaker, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Patents on Computer Science. He also serves as honorary professor and visiting professor for a number of institutions including Xiamen University, Dalian University of Technology, and Zhejiang University of Technology. Dr. Huang received the Robert A. Dougherty Outstanding Young Manufacturing Engineer Award from the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) in 2005. In addition to many industrial projects (supported by federal agencies including US Army Benet Laboratories and NASA, state agencies including Ohio Department of Development and Ohio Aerospace Institute, and companies including Procter & Gamble, Daimler- Chrysler, and Pilkington North America), he has been awarded five grants from the National Science

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University; Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Craig J. Kief, COSMIAC at UNM; John Reutter III, Drake State Community and Technical College; Bassam H Matar, Chandler Gilbert Community College

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

-yearuniversity-based technical programs toupdate curricula to meet the expectationsof industry by supplying qualifiedtechnicians and technologists who haveextensive hands-on experience with currentdesign tools. By developing a curriculumthat includes hands-on re-configurableelectronics laboratories, we will be able toprovide students in these programs state-of-the-art training tools that match theexpectations of industry.FPGAsFPGAs were created approximately 15years ago by the Xilinx Corporation [3]. Figure 1. FPGA Block DiagramXilinx is still the largest manufacturer ofthis technology in the world [10]. FPGAsare not only programmed through a traditional schematic fashion, they are also programmedusing

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suxia Cui, Prairie View A&M University; Lin Li, Prairie View A&M University; Lei Huang, Prairie View A&M University; Yonghui Wang, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

. From July 1999 to December 1999, he worked as an IT Specialist in IBM China, Beijing, China. From 2000 to 2003, he was a research assistant with the Visualization, Analysis, and Imaging Laboratory (VAIL), the GeoResources Institute (GRI), Mississippi State University. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Engineering Technology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX. His research interests include digital signal processing, image and video coding, and wavelets. Page 26.652.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015Enhance Computing Curricula

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Nicholas Tallos, ThermOmegaTech, Inc.

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

or other active experiences may increaseretention of material by up to 90% [25]. Richard Felder and Linda Silverman recommend severalteaching techniques to address all learning styles, one of which is to provide demonstrations forstudents with sensing and visual learning styles and hands-on experiments for students with ac-tive learning styles [26]. According to Moore, there is a direct correlation between in-class per-formance, laboratory attendance, and performance [27]. In capstone related project, active Page 26.972.11learning can be achieved through a variety of activities that include lab and project experimentswith hands-on projects

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division Technical Session 16: That Important Decision - Which Engineering Major?

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corey Kiassat, Quinnipiac University; Nebil Buyurgan, Quinnipiac University; Julia Leeds

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

traditionalmethods should remain as the major part of teaching. In Weisner & Lan[7] student learning iscompared in engineering laboratories on process control and monitoring. Computer-basedsimulation experiments are used as teaching tools for one group of students while another groupuses tactile experiments. The study reveals that student learning is not adversely affected bycomputer-based experiments. A similar comparison study is reported in Olin et al. [8], wheresimulation-based laboratory components are introduced a group of electrical engineeringstudents and their learning performances are assessed against a control group. The group thatused simulation-based environments outperformed the control group. The study in Fraser et al. [9]also reports

Conference Session

Course Development / Curriculum Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carlotta A. Berry, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Human-Robot Interfaces 7 Robot Teams 8 HRI Applications – Museum Robots, Urban Search & Rescue 9 Final Project 10 Final Project 11 Final Project 12 Final Project 13 Final Project 14 Final Project 15 Final Project PresentationLabsThe students were typically given one week to complete the laboratory assignments using theArduino Robot. Each lab had a recitation, video demonstration, as well as skeleton code to helpthem get started. There were also Arduino Robot tutorial videos available on YouTube toreference12. A summary of the laboratory assignments is given in Table 3

Conference Session

Topics in Computing and Information Technologies II

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard G. Helps, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

are challenged to write a program to get the light patterns and sound effects of the “fluxcapacitor” to perform correctly. The speed of the ‘car’ as it accelerates is displayed on aspeedometer on a browser screen. Using a browser screen enables a discussion of networkingcommunications together with the experience of getting the sensors and actuators to respondappropriately. The details of this laboratory experiment and the student learning have beendiscussed in previously published reports18, 19Another example is in a computer architecture class. Computer architecture is a staple of ITprograms. To help students grasp the basics of discrete algebra the class has been structuredaround a series of design laboratories. Each laboratory experience

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John D. Carpinelli, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Linda S Hirsch, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Raquel Perez-Castillejos, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Jersey Institute of TechnologyDr. Raquel Perez-Castillejos, New Jersey Institute of Technology Dr. Raquel Perez-Castillejos is an assistant professor of biomedical engineering at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. Her research (www.tissuemodels.net) focuses on the development of tools for cell and tissue biology using micro- and nanotechnologies. Raquel obtained her Ph.D. with the National Center of Microelectronics in Barcelona. She was a postdoctoral fellow at the Laboratory of Miniaturized Systems (Univ. S˜ao Paulo, Brazil) and later at Harvard University with the Whitesides group. Dr. Perez-Castillejos is co-director of the NSF-funded REU summer program for neuroengineering, coordinator of the new cross

Conference Session

Research to Practice: STRAND 3 – Principles of K-12 Engineering Education and Practice

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bassant Mohamed Yasser, Qatar University; Mahmoud Abdulwahed, Qatar University; Rashid Alammari, Qatar University; Saud A Ghani, Qatar University; Mazen O. Hasna, Qatar University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

tools and application and having also total quality management diploma and being quality master holder dealing with all quality systems as documentation , CAPA management , RCA , facility maintenance and also ISO 9000/2008 expert in addition to being certified from Bernard Castle in UK as sterile area facility Design expert as per ISO regulations . Egyptian pharmacist graduate of 2007 who started my career as a research and development pharmacist in SEDICO pharmaceuticals in EGYPT for about 2 years dealing with new dosage forms formulation and then rotated to Methodology and stability department in which i dealt with dosage form analysis and innovation of new methods of analysis dealing with all laboratory

Conference Session

Development as Faculty and Researcher: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Courtney June Faber, Clemson University; Lisa Benson, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

was always taught to go above and beyond and challenge accepted thinking.” Participant 24) Research experiencesFor many students their research experiences in various environments helped them develop as aresearcher. These experiences allowed them to develop a range of laboratory skills, workindependently on projects, and gain a first-hand idea of what research is like. “My internship at [Company X] that helped me understand that I liked laboratory work on the industrial scale.” Participant 31 “Working in a laboratory at a Singaporean university for a summer, in which I was generally left to my own devices, allowing me to plan my own activities and learned to be self-motivated, along with becoming

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Approaches to Sustainability and Grand Challenges

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa J. Cutright, University of Akron

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

laboratory, office hours, orother venues, is one of the key college experiences associated with studentdevelopment.13 In the two years prior to the project timeline described here, thestudents participated in team building activities and research experiences thatprepared them for the final project. The preliminary activities, particularly theteam building skills, described in Cutright et al.14 were used to enable thestudents' to develop into an effective interdisciplinary team as well as address thepotential lack of interest in core STEM classes. This is in line with Wilson etal.2,15 who reported that mentoring, education, and research were all critical forcollege and post-college persistence in STEM. Students that participate in wellstructured

Conference Session

Dynamic Systems and Control

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Estelle M. Eke, California State University, Sacramento

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Paper ID #11981Using Simulink, Matlab, and LEGO Mindstorms to teach a Project-BasedControl Systems Design CourseDr. Estelle M Eke, California State University, Sacramento Estelle Eke is a full professor of Mechanical Engineering at California State University, Sacramento. She received a B.S. degree in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Purdue University, a M.S. in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science from Rice University, and a Ph.D. in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering from Rice University. She worked for two and half years in the Spacecraft Navigation Section at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert G. Batson P.E., University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

an extended visit to anotheracademic institution or a government laboratory. The intent is often to collaborate with a hostresearcher or team, to utilize specialized facilities, or perhaps to develop a new research interest.If the visit is funded, it is usually a grant and the researcher has extensive latitude in whatactivities to pursue. Publication of research is a secondary goal, and involvement of graduatestudents is generally not considered. In an early section of this paper, we discuss the history andpurposes of sabbatical leaves.The author participated in three sabbatical leaves with industry during the 21 years 1990-2010:the first two for an entire academic year (9 months) with half salary and half benefits paid by thecompany, and

Conference Session

Design Throughout the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David C. Jensen, University of Arkansas; Dennis Beck, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Paper ID #11235Self-Evaluation of Design Decision-Making Skills Gained through StudentGenerated Learning AidsDr. David C Jensen, University of Arkansas Dr. David C. Jensen leads the research effort for the Complex Adaptive Engineered Systems Research Laboratory. He has worked extensively in modeling, simulating, and validating complex engineered sys- tems. His research has been supported by awards through NSF, NASA, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and DARPA. He holds an appointment as an Assistant Professor in the Mechanical Engineering department at the University of Arkansas where he also teaches courses in

Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies: Bring-Your-Own-Experiments 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Roger A Beardsley PE, Central Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

and supplies toperform a demonstration would be around $100. This would supply enough reactant chemicalsfor about 45 reactions. For a class sized laboratory activity with multiple lab groups, anadditional scale, two additional 100 ml graduated cylinders, two additional 600 ml beakers, andat least five 125 ml wide mouth catalyst bottles should be obtained. The total for this lab set upwould be around $150, with enough supplies for about 45 reactions. Of this total, $95 isnonrecurring equipment expense. The cost of consumable supplies is around $0.85 per reaction(based on January 2015 prices), assuming the oil supply is at no cost.Further ProcessingSecond Reaction: Typically the initial reaction does not reach the 99.7% completion rate implied

Conference Session

Software and Programming

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priya Manohar, Robert Morris University; Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University; Peter Y. Wu, Robert Morris University; Ali A. Ansari, Virginia State University; Walter W. Schilling Jr., Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

mid-career employees and military personnel [4]. In order that the onlineeducation is at least equally effective (if not better) than face-to-face education in traditionalclassroom in all aspects such as academic quality, rigor and outcomes, appropriate teaching toolsmust be developed to suit the online teaching / learning media. In this regard, we believe the casestudy based education is one of the superior tools to deliver an equivalent laboratory experiencefor the online students!The process for developing case studies in described in section 2, a fully developed case study inthe domain of software testing is presented in Section 3, the instructions and teaching notes aregiven in Section 4, pedagogy and educational outcomes are discussed

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary J. Meixell, Quinnipiac University; Nebil Buyurgan, Quinnipiac University; Corey Kiassat, Quinnipiac University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

university,and via the curriculum.In the case of this curriculum development project, the need to adhere to ABET requirements forcurriculum was very clear. Perhaps not so clear was the usefulness of the NCEES FundamentalExam content in making specific curricular decisions. Also, the college mission was a factor as itcalls for a liberal education perspective to be linked to the university’s pre-professionalprograms, and requires 46 credits of general education that must be accommodated in alluniversity degree programs. Resource limitations needed to be considered in the development ofthis program in terms of classroom and laboratory development. Also, substantial faculty timehas been needed for course development as several new courses are required

Collection

2015 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Eric Musselman P.E.; Shawn Gross

Villanova University. Quizzes have been incorporated into the course in a varietyof formats, and the students’ and instructors’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the quizzes andthe course as a whole will be presented.Evolution of Structural Design Courses at Villanova UniversityPrior to 2014, students pursuing Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE) degrees atVillanova University were required to take a three-credit course CEE 3412: Structural Designand a separate one-credit laboratory course CEE 3912: Structural Engineering Lab. Thesecourses were typically taken during the second semester of the junior year and addressed thebehavior, analysis, and design of both structural steel and reinforced concrete members. Arequired course CEE 3401

Collection

2015 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Sigrid Berka

Institute for Medicinal Pharmacy to internship at BASF in Ludwigshafen, Germany This Chemical Engineering & German senior was involved in Chemical research in three different labs—stretching across both the spectrum of scientific fields and different locations. His undergraduate engineering research journey took him from a project sponsored by NSF led by Geoffrey Bothun in URI’s Bionanotechnology Laboratory trying to enhance oil spill treatment methods, to characterizing drug delivery systems under Professor Heike Bunje’s guidance at the Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology at TU Braunschweig to attempting to increase the lifetime of a battery cell at BASF’s Ludwigshafen headquarters. At first glance these research topics seem to be

Collection

2015 ASEE Zone 3 Conference

Authors

Aleksandr Sergeyev; Nasser Alaraje; Scott Kuhl; Michael Meyer; Mark Kinney; Mark Highum

Engineering28 since 2007.Universities that have graduate degrees focused on robotics include Carnegie Mellon University,MIT, UPENN, UCLA, WPI, and the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT).Michigan State University has a well-established Robotics and Automation laboratory, but it isutilized for graduate robotics courses and research. Very few universities across the US offer adegree and/or certification specifically in robotics automation. In fact, Lake Superior StateUniversity (LSSU) is one of very few universities in Michigan that specializes in roboticsautomation; however, it does not have a program to certify industry representatives29. Driven byindustry needs, the new curriculum designed in this project will be adapted for both two

Collection

2015 ERC

Authors

Robert Kraus

Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) 11 March 2015 Robert J. Kraus, Colonel, USAF Chief, Basic Research Division (RT) Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchIntegrity  Service  Excellence Air Force Research Laboratory DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release. 160+ Years of Basic Research DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for

Conference Session

Computer Tutors, Simulation, and Videos

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward J. Berger, Purdue University; Edward A. Pan, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

and specific learning outcomes. Much of the worked example literatureused a fairly controlled laboratory setting rather than an actual higher education classroom. Someof that literature focuses quite closely on mechanics related learning outcomes. Recent workusing controlled eye gaze experiments examined how students learn physics concepts fromworked examples[10], with the conclusions supporting the central tenets of both the workedexample effect (via cognitive load theory[11]) and effective multimedia design that leveragesspatial contiguity principles[12]. Quite a bit of work in similar laboratory settings has focused onquantifying specific aspects of physics or mechanics problem solving using eye gazetechnologies and other instruments to

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Problem-based and Active Learning

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tiina M. Komulainen, Oslo and Akershus University College; Christine Lindstrøm, Oslo and Akershus University College; Tengel Sandtrø, Oslo and Akershus University College

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

students who completed the course in their second year) and one laboratoryengineer. The expected course commitment from students is 13 hours per week: pre-classpreparation including reading, numerical tasks and online quizzes (2-3 hours/week), classeswith active learning methods (245min on Mondays and 445min on Tuesdays, a total of 6teaching hours in ProLab per week), laboratory sessions (3-4 hours fortnightly), andcompulsory assignments (3-4 hours fortnightly). All assignments must be satisfactorilycompleted for students to be allowed to sit the final examination, which counts for 100% of thecourse grade.Students who fail the end-of-semester final examination are entitled to take a resit-examinationthree months later. If they pass the resit

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Kadlowec, Rowan University; Tom Merrill, Rowan University; Robert Alan Hirsh, Cooper University Hospital; Sameer Sood, Rowan School of Osteopathic Medicine

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Page 26.1762.2Scholars spent two weeks immersed at Cooper University Hospital, where they shadowed onrounds on medical and surgical floors and in Intensive Care Units; participated in discussionswith doctors, nurses, technicians, hospital staff, secretaries, and patients; attended Grand Rounds;and were present in Operating Rooms and Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory. Scholarsfollowed a three-step process: 1) observe clinical processes, 2) identify problems associated withthat process, and 3) formulate a need statement. Each Scholar maintained an “innovationnotebook” to ensure that observations were accurately captured.5 For a few hours at the end ofeach week, engineering and clinical faculty met with the Scholars to discuss their