Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 22: Perspectives and Evaluation of Engineering Design Education

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas D. Fila, Iowa State University; Seda McKIlligan, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

and community populations Example(s) Integrate design thinking Increase the difficulty of and Introduce a design project in activities into technical labs time spent on lab projects which students design for and because the challenge was how with an elementary school you developed as an engineer classTable 3. Comparison of Similar Heuristic Observed in All Three Datasets Team Meetings Instructor Interviews Course Papers Title Increase activity within lecture Get students active in lecture Increase activity in lecture Description Add hands-on

Conference Session

Interest & Identity

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Ann Jacobs, Manhattan College; Zahra Shahbazi, Manhattan College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Engineering Ambassadors reflected on student learning andtheir own practice after each presentation. The EAs responded individually to a six-questionopen-ended survey (Appendix C). Responses that were general in nature are displayed in Figure3.Figure 3. Engineering Ambassadors’ General Reflections on Lesson PresentationsBriefly describe Which part(s) Which part(s) Which part(s) What will you What your lesson of the lesson of your lesson of your lesson do to make that knowledge went really will you do the will you change? and/or skill well? same? change

Collection

2018 ASEE Conferences - Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration / San Antonio proceedings

Authors

Ray Floyd

cells to determine theeffectiveness of that source and the practical application of a combination of wind and solarpower for future use. The project enables pre-engineering and computer engineering students anopportunity for installation, maintenance, data gathering, and analysis during their first two yearsof engineering studies.Introduction The Science and Math (S&M) Department at xxxxxxxxx College is a typical two-yearcommunity college having pre-engineering classes such as Calculus, Statics, Dynamics, Strengthof Materials, Chemistry, Physics, and other early engineering offerings. With current interests inrenewable energy sources, the S&M Department decided that some additional emphasis on suchalternate power generation

Conference Session

Track: Faculty - Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity

Authors

Robyn Sandekian, University of Colorado, Boulder; Karen G. Braun, University of Colorado, Boulder; Sarah Miller, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Faculty

. In addition, she runs a faculty devel- opment and leadership program to train and recruit diverse PhD students who wish to pursue academic positions in engineering or applied science after graduation. Dr. Sandekian earned B.S. and M.S. degrees in Aerospace Engineering Sciences at CU Boulder in 1992 and 1994, respectively. She went on to earn a Specialist in Education (Ed. S.) degree in Educational Leadership and Policy Studies in 2011 and a Ph.D. in Higher Education and Student Affairs Leadership in December 2017, both from the University of Northern Colorado. She is a Founding Leader of the American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE) Virtual Community of Practice (VCP) for LGBTQ+ Inclusion in Engineering

Conference Session

Web-Based Learning in Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Uhlig, National University; Ali Farahani; Howard Evans, National University; Shekar Viswanathan, National University; Mark Sotelo, National University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

to increase interaction betweenprofessors and students. We have used both Ubiquitous Presenter (UP)6,7,8 from the University ofCalifornia at San Diego (UCSD), and DyKnow Vision™ 9,10 to “push” charts out to studentsthat the students can mark up and submit back to the instructor. Curricula are being extended toincorporate interactive segments in which students can take turns entering the next step(s) instructures under discussion. For example, they may enter several lines of code for a program theyare writing jointly and then the whole class can view the result of those added lines. Anotherexample involves proceeding step by step through the details of how an encryption algorithmsuch as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) operates on

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences with Mechanical, Materials and Fluid Systems

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bijan Sepahpour, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

materials under dynamic/fatigue loading is the “S-N”diagram. Here, “S” corresponds to the stress level and “N” to the number of cycles. Due to theuncertainties involved in materials’ behavior and characteristics, a large number of specimensare tested at different stress levels for generating the “S - log N” diagram. Ideally, the mainobjective in such tests is two-fold. First, to establish (for a given material), up to what stresslevels the material will enjoy an infinite life (Endurance Limit); and second, to correlate thenumber of cycles at different stress levels that a material will be able to go through beforecoming to failure. The range of cost for a typical educational fatigue testing apparatus is from$10,500 to $32,500. These units are

Conference Session

Assessment of Community Engagement

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jane M. Fraser, Colorado State University-Pueblo; Leonardo Bedoya-Valencia, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Jude L. DePalma, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Nebojsa I Jaksic P.E., Colorado State University, Pueblo; Ananda Mani Paudel, Colorado State University, Pueblo; Hüseyin Sarper, Colorado State University-Pueblo; Ding Yuan, Colorado State University - Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

with anintensive 4-day summer workshop (including a community college faculty member), whichresulted in action items including plans to alter specific courses. We also describe theDepartment of Education funded grant that is supporting this work to incorporate sustainability,service learning, and advances in educational technology in all STEM programs at ouruniversity.Unique features of these community and university efforts include the involvement of all facultymembers in our department in the project and as authors on this paper and the increasinginvolvement of engineering faculty and students in our community‟s sustainability efforts.IntroductionIn the Department of Engineering at Colorado State University-Pueblo, we are increasing

Conference Session

DEED Melange

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ang Liu, University of Southern California; Stephen Y. Lu, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

technologies are likely different than what were available before, and the purpose(s)to be achieved may be different. Furthermore, even an expressed need that may have the samename as a previous problem always involves different people and very often has differentpurposes.The second foundation question of “purposeful information” means “what purposeful Page 24.299.3information is needed to create new solutions?” EBT argues that, since information is arepresentation of some reality, any information is somehow inaccurate, but some is more usefulthan others. The theoretical amount of information needed to describe any reality (and solve anyproblem) is

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Stephen McClain

Session 3666 MathCAD Functions for Thermodynamic Analysis of Ideal Gases Stephen T. McClain Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham 1530 3rd Ave. S., BEC 358B Birmingham, AL 35294-4461AbstractData from “The Chemkin Thermodynamic Data Base” were used to generate MathCADfunctions for the molar specific enthalpy, internal energy, entropy, specific heat at

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Christopher Fernando

external DLL/OCX to extend its functionality. For instance, it is easy touse Winsock.ocx (Winsock control) to develop an Active X control in the ASP program thatgives the Internet accessibility to the server and client. Page 10.804.4 Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Education R obot R S 2 3 2 /T C P -IP C lie n t

Conference Session

Tenure and Promotion Tricks of the Trade

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Brian West

,while in the second procedure the tenure candidate is evaluated annually, and the tenure decisionis made in the sixth year. The appropriate procedure, and any supporting documentation, shouldbe published either in a handbook or on the school’s web page so that the tenure candidate mayaccess it as needed. At the University of Southern Indiana in the Pott School of Science andEngineering (USI Pott S & E) there are two documents titled Faculty Evaluation Procedures forReappointment and Tenure and Faculty Evaluation Criteria for Reappointment, Tenure, andPromotion which spell out in detail the makeup of the T & P committee and the specific criteriaon which the candidate shall be judged. Similar documents probably are in use in every

Conference Session

Course and Curriculum Innovations in ECE

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Sastry Vedula

Session Number Flexible And Modular DSP Based Real-Time Implementation of Power Electronic Systems S. Rajagopalan1, V. V. Sastry2, V. Ajjarapu2, S. S. Venkata2 1 Graduate Student, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 2 Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011AbstractThe massive growth of high performance digital signal processors (DSP) in the last two decadeshas led to a revolution in the wireless communications. Real-time control is being activelypursued in the recent past for applications such as high performance motor

Conference Session

Recruitment & Retention of Women I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Ayre, University of South Australia; Julie E. Mills, University of South Australia; Judith Gill, University of South Australia

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

when they are taken up7,13,14.This paper reports a recent study of the careers of all the female graduates in a single engineeringdiscipline from an Australian technical university (ATU), which found that a much higherproportion of them have remained in the engineering profession than the rates frequently cited inthe literature. The study‟s findings on workplace conditions, availability and use of family-friendly practices and intentions to leave the profession are compared with the findings of anational study of Australian female engineers across all engineering disciplines undertaken in2007 to seek potential explanations for the high retention and satisfaction rate of this cohort.Women in the engineering professionIn all western countries

Conference Session

Design Tools and Methodology I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Loren Christian, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Seda McKIlligan, Iowa State University; Colleen M. Seifert, University of Michigan; Richard Gonzalez, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

(concept 2 to concept 4). In the third transformation, she used Twist to explore the possibilities of reducing odor (concept 3 to concept 6). She took a simple rectangular trash can, made it into an s-curve, and then added a long plastic liner that could be twisted to separate sections and isolate the smell. Concepts 7 and 8 were generated from heuristics, butFigure 12: Concepts generated by showed no similarities with the before Participant B3 concepts. This

Conference Session

Experiential Learning Programs and the Transition to Industry

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl A. Carrico P.E., Virginia Tech; Katherine E. Winters, Virginia Tech; Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Stanford University; Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

. Page 25.1326.5Table 1 Codes for initial pathway content analysis Code DescriptionIntermediate Job(s)  Change in company(i.e., not merely a change in location or position within a company)  Does not include internshipsDoing more than what I  Comments that they were doing more than they expected; maythought include the phrase more than they hoped forDoing exactly what I  Only a yes or positive response providedthought  Does not include doing more than expected (see previous code)Somewhat doing what I  Response included both a yes and a no

Conference Session

K-12 Teacher Professional Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Louis Nadelson, Boise State University; Anne Louise Seifert, Idaho National Laboratory; Jill K. Hettinger, Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2012-4284: TEACHING BY DESIGN: PREPARING K-12 TEACHERSTO USE DESIGN ACROSS THE CURRICULUMDr. Louis Nadelson, Boise State University Louis S. Nadelson is an Associate Professor in the College of Education at Boise State University. His research interests include STEM teaching and learning, faculty development, in-service and pre-service teacher professional development, program evaluation, and multidisciplinary research. He has published research ranging from faculty professional development to the impact of inquiry on STEM learning. Nadelson earned a B.S. degree in biological and physics science from Colorado State University, a B.A. with concentrations in computing, mathematics, and physics from the Evergreen

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

Duane Brown; Dennis Krumwiede; Jerome P. Lavelle

researchinvolving TQM and personality? Two issues surface as one asks this question: (1) In the KBTSreliable? and (2) Is the KBTS valid? This paper reports on the first of these two questions.KBTS AS A PERSONALITY MEASURERThe KBTS uses much of the same construct as the MBTI. With the KBTS and MBTI, personalitytypes are derived from four preference scales. These dimensional scales are: Extroversion -Introversion (E-I), Sensation - Intuition (S-N) , Thinking - Feeling (T-F), and Judgment -Perception (J-P). The KBTS uses 70 questions (less than the MBTI) written to test preferenceswith respect to the four preference scales. There are sixteen unique “personality types” formedfrom the four personality preference scales (24=16). Example personality types would

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah L Rodriguez, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Taylor Johnson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Yeny Jimenez, Miami Dade Community College; antonio delgado

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

experiences of HSCC students.References[1] S. Lunn, M. Ross, Z. Hazari, M. A. Weiss, M. Georgiopoulos, and K. Christensen, “How Do Educational Experiences Predict Computing Identity?,” ACM Trans. Comput. Educ., vol. 22, no. 2, p. 12:1-12:28, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1145/3470653.[2] S. Rodriguez, C. Lu, and D. Ramirez, Eds., “Creating a Conceptual Framework for Computing Identity Development for Latina Undergraduate Students,” in An Asset-Based Approach to Advancing Latina Students in STEM: Increasing Resilience, Participation, and Success, 1st ed., New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge research in STEM education: Routledge, 2020. doi: 10.4324/9781003002758.[3] G. A. Garcia, A.-M. Núñez, and V. A. Sansone, “Toward a

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anna Stepanova, Texas A&M University; Saira Anwar, Texas A&M University; Christina Belanger, Texas A&M University; Tracy Anne Hammond, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

lessons, activities, assessment, outreach, andpedagogical practices. It will enable instructors to teach students in their courses and assignresearch projects. We envision that virtual learning will continue to be in high demand. In thefuture, the FossilSketch can be implemented across the nation in undergraduate science, biology,and paleontology classes. This application has great potential to be developed into an onlineversion of the course (MOOC).1 AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant “Improvingundergraduate student critical thinking and ability to solve environmental problems with fossilrecords through FossilSketch application” #2337105.References[1] A. Stepanova, C. Belanger, S. Anwar, C

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University; Prateek Shekhar, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Jeff Knowles, Oregon State University; Stephanie Adams, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

processes around EBIP-implementation. We hope that this model will facilitate moreeffective mentoring and training programs.References[1] A. Brooks, K. Heath, S. Brown, H. Dominguez, P. Shekhar, and J. Knowles, “One Size Does Not Fit All: Understanding how Faculty Implement Evidence-Based Instructional Practices in Their Engineering Courses,” presented at the IEEE Frontiers in Education (FIE), IEEE, 2022.[2] A. Brooks, J. Knowles, E. Clement, S. Prateek, and S. Brown, “Are All ‘EBIPs’ Created Equal? An Exploration of Engineering Faculty Adoption of Nine Evidence-Based Instructional Practices,” ASEE Annu. Conf. Expo., 2023[3] J. Knowles, A. Brooks, E. Clement, P. Shekhar, S. Brown, and M. Aljabery, “A Qualitative Exploration of

Conference Session

Transgression, Conflict, and Altruism

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenna Tonn, Boston College; Avneet Hira, Boston College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

Press.Blacklock, J., Johnson, K., Cook, R., Plata, N., & Claussen, S. (2021, July). Faculty interpretations of sociotechnical thinking in their classrooms: Techniques for integration. In ASEE Annual Conference proceedings.Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. C. (1990). Reproduction in education, society and culture (Vol. 4). Sage.Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (1976). Schooling in capitalist America: Educational reform and the contradictions of economic life. New York, NY: Basic Books.Bronfenbrenner, K. (2023, December 4). For labor unions, 2023 was the year of the strike—and big victories. The Wall Street Journal.Cech, E. A. (2014). Culture of disengagement in engineering education?. Science, Technology, & Human

Conference Session

FPD IX: Research on First-Year Programs and Students, Part II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jae Hoon Lim, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Patricia A. Tolley, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Kimberly Warren, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Peter Thomas Tkacik, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

and academic success of engineering students is a critical issuethat will generate a profound impact upon the nation‟s economy and prosperity.1 According tothe American Society of Engineering Education, enrollment in baccalaureate programs increased14% between 2000 and 2005, but the number of engineering graduates remained relativelyunchanged since 2005.2 The demand for qualified engineering graduates will grow 11% between2008 and 2018 based on the most recent U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projections.3 Therefore,preparing a qualified engineering workforce is a national issue particularly since the scientificand technological leadership of the U.S. has “experienced a gradual erosion”4 of its position.Considering the critical role played by

Conference Session

Women in Biomedical Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Naomi Chesler, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Rice University; Sangeeta Bhatia, MIT; Gilda Barabino, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

diversity are substantial – both forstudents in BME and society at large. Actively pursuing strategies to remove or reduce thebarriers to women’s success in BME will promote a more diverse workforce in BME disciplines,which may in turn create a more productive workforce.Bibliography1 Lane, N., Why are there so few women in science? Nature Debates, 1999.2 Nemeth, C., Dissent, group process, and creativity: The contribution of minority influence. Advances in Group Processes, 1985. 2(57).3 McLeod, P., S. Lobel, and T. Cox Jr, Ethnic diversity and creativity in small groups. Small Group Research, 1996. 27(2): p. 248-264.4 Hong, L. and S.E. Page, Groups of diverse problem solvers can outperform groups of high-ability

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamad Ahmadian, Eastern New Mexico University; Tom Brown, Eastern New Mexico University

Skills through Development of a Conceptual Business PlanAbstractAs part of the NSF Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S-STEM) grant the scholarship recipients at Eastern New Mexico University are required toregister for a one-credit project course. The course encourages students to hone theircommunication skills and gain knowledge in functioning effectively on a multidisciplinary team.This article presents a conceptual business plan to assist students in understanding thecomponents of effective teamwork and the importance of good communication skills. Studentsare provided with a weekly task. The first task includes choosing a company name, andproviding descriptions for: the business, product

Conference Session

New Approaches in Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Bahman Motlagh

Session 3460Redefining Engineering Education Methods Using New Technologies Bahman S. Motlagh, A. Rahrooh, Nick Safai University of Central Florida/University of Central Florida/Salt Lake City CollegeI. IntroductionAs our global community increases its utilization of new technologies in the distributionand acquisition of knowledge and information, new paradigms in engineering andtechnology education emerge. Engineering education’s traditional standards, methods andeducational models must be reassessed in order to proactively address future needs in thetraining of engineers and technologists.A successful engineering education model must

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division (FYP) - Technical Session 3: Evaluation & Assessment

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marko V. Lubarda, University of California, San Diego; Alex M. Phan, University of California, San Diego; Maziar Ghazinejad, University of California, San Diego; Nathan Delson, eGrove Education; Saharnaz Baghdadchi, University of California, San Diego; Curt Schurgers, University of California, San Diego; Minju Kim, University of California, San Diego; Josephine Relaford-Doyle, University of California, San Diego; Carolyn L. Sandoval, University of California, San Diego; Huihui Qi, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

preference for oral exams over written exams (16/16/24/24/20%). Table V. End-of-quarter survey. Not at all/ Significantly/ # Question Slightly Moderately To a great extent Did the oral exam(s) help you master the subject material better or provide extra incentive to do so? Did 1 they contribute positively to your learning in the course

Collection

2023 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Carson Emeigh; Austin Griswold; Rumayel H. Pallock; Jaideep Sahni; Morgan Schake; Udochukwu Anuta; Jessica Deters; Sangjin Ryu

University ofTechnology in Japan, for sharing his microfluidics-based research in the class. SR appreciates hisdepartment for its generous support for the class and Teaching Fellows Program of his college ofengineering.References[1] N. Convey & N. Gadegaard, “30 years of microfluidics,” in Micro and Nano Engineering, 2019, vol. 2, pp.76-91.[2] J. Merrin, “Frontiers in microfluidics, a teaching resource review,” in Bioengineering, 2019, vol. 6, p.109.[3] N. Azizipour, R. Avazpour, D. H. Rosenzweig, M. Sawan & A. Ajji, “Evolution of biochip technology: A review from lab-on-a-chip to organ-on-a-chip,” in Micromachines, 2020, vol. p.599.[4] P. Cui & S. Wang, “Application of microfluidic chip

Conference Session

Equity and Belonging

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Figard, Arizona State University; Abimelec Mercado Rivera, Arizona State University; Marcus Melo de Lyra, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

specificity without the formalized structure required by asystematic review (Arksey & O’Malley, 2005; Borrego et al., 2014; Grant & Booth, 2009;Samnani et al., 2017). ScLRs are particularly useful for quickly mapping out key concepts,existing literature, and evidence to identify gaps in current research defined by a specificresearch question (Arksey & O’Malley, 2005; Samnani et al., 2017). Our study used Arksey andO’Malley’s (2005) ScLR framework (Figure 1), which recommends a five-stage protocol forconducting a scoping review: (1) identify research question(s), (2) identify relevant studies, (3)select relevant studies, (4) chart the data, and (5) summarize and report the results. Figure 1further details the process used in our

Collection

2013 GSW

Authors

Amen I. Omoragbon; Gary J. Coleman; Lex Gonzalez; Brandon Watters; Bernd Chudoba

Friday Morning Session 2- Student Feasibility Study of a Thrust Vector Control TransportAmen I. Omoragbon, Gary J. Coleman, Lex Gonzalez, Brandon Watters, Bernd Chudoba Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX AbstractThrust Vectored Control (TVC) has the potential to advance the design of commercial transports.This research evaluates the feasibility of a TVC commercial transport concept in three phases;(1) thrust vectoring technology review, (2) parametric sizing of a TVC transport, and (3) stabilityand control (S&

Collection

2009 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Nicholas C. Vanderslice; Thomas R. Marrero

of bio-char between 20-30 mesh particle size, the elemental analysisresults are presented in Table 5. Only the elements heavier that K were detected, making themethod impractical for carbon detection, but detailed analysis on materials not picked up by anyother method were obtained.Using XPS, peaks for six elements: C, O, N, Ca, S, and Si were found. The atomic fraction ofeach element in the sample is listed in Table 6. The XPS values have an error of ± 10%. Table 5. Composition of 20-30 Mesh Particles of Bio-Char Sample from XRF (Test Done at MURR) Element Composition K 0.65