Conference Session

Improving ME instructional laboratories

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ralph Volino, U.S. Naval Academy; Andrew Smith, U.S. Naval Academy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

projects provide this in a significant way, but a capstone course provides onlyone experience with a particular project. It is valuable to introduce the idea in smaller ways,when possible. Reciprocating engines provide a good vehicle for tying together manyengineering concepts. All students are familiar, at least as users, with piston engines. Theirpracticality is therefore obvious. Thermodynamics, heat transfer, combustion, fluid mechanics,mechanism design, material science, strength of materials, and electrical circuits are all needed toproduce an operating engine. Seeing this connection directly can provide motivation for study ofthe individual subjects, and a realization that required courses are not completely unrelated.Goals and Integration

Conference Session

Changing the Engineering Classroom

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel McCord Ellestad, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

is an Assistant Professor and Assistant Department Head for Graduate Programs in Vir- ginia Tech’s Department of Engineering Education. She has her doctorate in Engineering Education and her strengths include qualitative and mixed methods research study design and implementation. She is/was PI/Co-PI on 8 funded research projects including a CAREER grant. She has won several Virginia Tech awards including a Dean’s Award for Outstanding New Faculty. Her research expertise includes using motivation and related frameworks to study student engagement in learning, recruitment and retention in engineering programs and careers, faculty teaching practices and intersections of motivation and learning strategies. Matusovich

Conference Session

The Philosophy of Engineering and Technological Literacy

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary P. Halada, Stony Brook University; Peter H. Khost, Stony Brook University

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

technologies evoke a visceral response. This is dueprimarily to two factors, the degree to which they or their effects are unknown, and the potentialfor dread that their impact may create. These psychological factors have been cited by Slovic andWeber 13, among others, as the source of perceived risk form technology (figure 1).Figure 1: Psychological factors affecting perception of risk, adapted from Slovic and Weber.In a study by Kahan and Rejeski associated with the Woodrow Wilson International Center forScholars Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, they determined that members of the publicform a rapid, visceral, emotional response when evaluating nanotechnology risks 14. When askedto consider balanced information about nanotechnology risks and

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leroy L. Long III, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach; Trevion S. Henderson, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

) childhood adversity, b) a refusal to quit,and c) prior academic success, which ultimately led to their collegiate achievements.IntroductionEmployment opportunities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fieldsare projected to continue growing, at a rate that demands one million more United States STEMprofessionals by 2022.1 Having a stable and sufficient supply of STEM workers is necessary forU.S. global competitiveness and national security. As the demand for STEM workers grows, theU.S. population is experiencing increased growth among historically underrepresented racial andethnic minorities (URMs), including Blacks, Latinos and Native Americans. Providing equitableeducational and occupational opportunities to an increasingly

Conference Session

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies - Mechanical Engineering Labs

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jackie Starks, Tennessee State University; Fletcher Ray Hendrickson, Tennessee State University ; Fatemeh Hadi, Tennessee State University ; Matthew J. Traum, Engineer Inc

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

. Previously, Dr. Traum was an assistant professor at the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE), one of the top-ten undergraduate-serving engineering universities in the U.S. Dr. Traum coordinated MSOE’s first crowd-funded senior design project. He also co-founded with students EASENET, a start- up renewable energy company to commercialize waste-to-energy biomass processors. Dr. Traum began his academic career as a founding faculty member in the Mechanical & Energy Engineer- ing Department at the University of North Texas - Denton where he established a successful, externally- funded researcher incubator that trained undergraduates to perform experimental research and encouraged matriculation to graduate school

Conference Session

Innovations in Additive Manufacturing Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aditya Akundi, University of Texas, El Paso

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Engineering , he earned a Ph.D in Electrical and Computer Engineering, with a concentration in Industrial and Systems Engineer- ing (ISE) at Unniversity of Texas in 2016. His research is focused on undersanding Complex Technical and Socio-Technical Systems from an Infromation Theortic approach. He has worked on a number of projects in the field of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Systems Engineering, Additive Manufactur- ing and Green Energy Manufacturing. His research interests are in Systems Engineering & Architecture, Complex systems, Systems testing and Application of Entropy to Complex Systems. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017ENHANCING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Conference Session

Quantitative Research Methods

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacob R. Grohs, Virginia Tech; Tripp Shealy, Virginia Tech; Darren K. Maczka, Virginia Tech; Mo Hu, Virginia Tech; Robin Panneton, Virginia Tech; Xiao Yang, Virginia Tech, Deparment of Psychology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

contexts through a brief literature review and suggested areas of future research. In thefinal section of the paper, we discuss two ongoing exemplar projects, not to report findings, butto offer examples of what research designs could look like and the associated data collection andanalysis protocols.Cognitive Neuroscience BasicsSimply stated, cognitive neuroscience focuses on empirical data from both human behavior andthe brain in order to explore human cognition (thinking, planning, decision making) [2]. Thestudy of behavior has a rich tradition in psychology and is strongly rooted in the primacy ofempiricism—that knowledge is built through systematic and objective observation andmeasurement. A primary goal of empirical study of behavior is

Conference Session

The Best in DEED

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy E. Rechkemmer, University of Michigan; Maya Z. Makhlouf, University of Michigan; Jennifer M. Wenger, University of Michigan; Eli M. Silk, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Seda McKilligan, Iowa State University; Kathryn W. Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University, Great Valley

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Radical Limited Budget Unlimited Budget You have a limited budget for this You have an unlimited budget to A project. Keep your idea within a tight Z complete this project. Don’t worry budget. about the cost. Meet Constraints Disregard Constraints Focus on a key constraint of the Pick a key constraint of the problem B problem and be sure to follow it. Y and disregard it. Already Existing Unexpected Think about a common solution that Think about a common solution

Conference Session

Architectural Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheena Nastasia Marston, The Ohio State University; Fabian Hadipriono Tan P.E., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Michael Parke, The Ohio State University; Olga Maria Stavridis, Ohio State University; Lisa Elanna Burris, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

has worked in the areas of construction of infrastructures and buildings, failure assessment of buildings and bridges, construction accident investigations, forensic engineering, ancient buildings, ancient bridges, and the ancient history of science and engineering for over 40 years. The tools he uses include fault tree analysis, fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality.Dr. Michael Parke, The Ohio State University Dr. Parke has over twenty years experience in satellite based earth science research. He has been teaching first year engineering for the past eighteen years, with emphasis on computer aided design, computer programming, and project design and documentation.Ms. Olga Maria Stavridis, Ohio

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 10: Understanding Student Experiences

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Dringenberg, Ohio State University; Stephen Secules, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Amy Kramer P.E., Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

ask a very in-depth question that shows not only do they have the grasp of the knowledge, but they are very far ahead. Um, also there's certain attitudes that Ithink a lot of people put on-- like-- it's the way they sit-- there are certain people in the class who are leaning forward with their pencil and looking at their board, cause they want to know everything that's going on, they're hanging on the professor's every word; and there are certain students who are kind of laid back and will just call shots.”If engineering classes become spaces to project smartness, it creates conditions for students toreceive a message about a lack of smartness in themselves or to deliver such a message to others.Another student from

Conference Session

Improvements in ECE Circuit Analysis

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alejandro H. Espera Jr, Virginia Tech; Nicole P. Pitterson, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

] Conference advanced students in the class complained that there were in the lab too many simple circuits that focused on Ohm’s law and they wanted to do some actual design of electronics. A design project would be a valuable addition to the class in

Conference Session

College-Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Breanne Przestrzelski, University of San Diego; Chell A. Roberts, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

Conference Session

Faculty and Student Perspective on Instructional Strategies

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Guangming Yao, Clarkson University; Kelly Black, University of Georgia; Michael W. Ramsdell, Clarkson University; Matthew K. Voigt, San Diego State University; Kalani Kithuliya Rubasinghe Kattadige, Clarkson University; Wen Li, University of California, Los Angeles

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

diffeq F2016/S2017 14 99 328 calc 1 F2017 25 76 322 calc 2 S2018 19 65 251Survey analysis As part of a national project examining undergraduate math classes, Progress throughCalculus (PtC), students are asked to complete the survey. From 2015 through 2019, the MAAis conducting a study of the precalculus through calc 2 sequence in U.S. colleges and universities,sponsored by NSF. The survey takes about 20-30 minutes to finish. The analysis in this section providesdescriptive statistics of the survey data for the three groups of students (COMPASS, COMPASSeligible, and all other students) who completed the survey

Conference Session

Scaling class size and technology – New Engineering Educators Division

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peggy C. Boylan-Ashraf, San Jose State University; John R. Haughery, Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

hour in the classroom,engineering courses require an estimated 4 hours. Although the systems in place that run manyengineering colleges around the country work fairly well for the traditional engineering student –the teenager who shows up on campus ready to dedicate the next four years of their lives toschool, a chunk of undergraduates in commuter schools, such as SJSU, do not fit this profile.These students are juggling classes and a job or family or both. Most of our education system isnot built to cater to their needs, and its results are extremely wasteful. This paper presents initial results of a research project on failure rates in the college ofengineering at SJSU, where 40% of our students work more than 10 hours per week while

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alex C. Szatmary, King's College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

deciding what to cover in a course. Courses have been added to curricula to improveFE scores [4, 5, 6]. The technical content of several programs (typically general engineeringprograms at state universities) was selected from the beginning to cover the FE [7, 8, 9].This project arose in a new mechanical engineering program. My intention was to use the FEExam Specifications as a single simple source on what one might expect in a mechanicalengineering program. The FE also seemed like a straightforward, objective assessment. However,as I tried to develop learning objectives that comprehensively covered FE Mechanical content, Ifound it necessary to consult multiple sources beyond the Specifications. Furthermore, seeinghow competency is assessed on the

Conference Session

Professional Skills Development

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abigail Jane Kulhanek; Cheryl A Bodnar, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

projects, catastrophic events can occur. Many people can lose their livesand companies can lose significant amounts of money. These events reinforce the importance ofcommunication within engineering.Along with technical skills, students in the engineering discipline are expected to have proficientcommunication skills when entering industry.4 According to a survey of industry representatives,working engineers say they spend over half of their day communicating either throughcollaborating with other employees or discussing opportunities with customers.5 Writing,speaking, and drawing are not simply used for passing information along within engineering;these communication techniques are also used to generate and analyze knowledge.6 For example,a team

Conference Session

Professional Development for Teachers

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hillary E. Merzdorf, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Amanda C. Johnston, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kerrie A. Douglas, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Tamara J. Moore, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

when theyare recording individual responses and team responses. Before class, Mrs. J wrote rules for whatshe wanted her students to put in their notebooks. To display the notebook rules to her students,Mrs. J projects the rules with the document camera and has the students copy them exactly. Shefollows a similar structure to introduce other times students should write in their notebooks, suchas when they are copying notes about the engineering design process. When she introduces theengineering design process, she verbally tells the students to focus on the overall structure of thedesign process, and not worry about the details of copying it down.Notebook IntegrationWhen students respond to the prompts in their notebooks, Mrs. J usually has

Conference Session

International Collaborations

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashish Agrawal, Virginia Tech; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Tech; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

. McNair, Virginia Tech Lisa D. McNair is a Professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech, where she also serves as Director of the Center for Research in SEAD Education at the Institute for Creativity, Arts, and Technology (ICAT). Her research interests include interdisciplinary collaboration, design education, communication studies, identity theory and reflective practice. Projects supported by the National Science Foundation include exploring disciplines as cultures, liberatory maker spaces, and a RED grant to increase pathways in ECE for the professional formation of engineers.Dr. Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech Marie C. Paretti is a Professor of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech, where she co-directs the

Conference Session

Girls in Engineering

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda S Hirsch, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

previouslyattended the FEMME program reported that grades in mathematics and science had improved,74% reported that the girls’ attitude(s) toward math and science class had become more positive,and 96% reported that she had expressed an interest in further STEM studies since attending theprevious summer.References[1] Sargent, J. F. (2014). The U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce: Recent, Current and Projected Employment, Wages and Unemployment. Congressional Research Service. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43061.pdf[2] Bureau of Labor Statistics (2017). https://www.bls.gov/ accessed August 29, 2017.[3] JerseyCan, (2017). “Preparing the Children of Today for the Jobs of Tomorrow, A Window into STEM Education in New Jersey”, The New

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brendon Lumgair P.Eng., University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

asynchronous interactions with the instructor and TAs and amongst the students. 4. Connects students’ ethics learning to engineering practice: Online learning allows students to take professionalism and ethics classes while on co-op or internship work terms at engineering firms. They are literally immersed in a professional practice and potentially experiencing ethical dilemmas on projects. Students have access to professional engineers to interview for assignments on the ethical dimensions of the Company’s work. 7. Incorporates innovative or creative educational methods: Online learning provides the environment to utilize a whole host of innovative educational method. As such, it requires creative teaching

Conference Session

Engineering Career Attitudes

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Araceli Martinez Ortiz, Texas State University; Hiroko Kawaguchi Warshauer, Texas State University; Sara Garcia Torres M.Ed., Texas State University; Laura Rodríguez Amaya

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

PhD program at Texas State University and holds degrees from Texas State University (M.Ed.), and University of Texas at San Antonio (BA).Dr. Laura Rodr´ıguez Amaya, Dr. Laura Rodr´ıguez Amaya serves as research faculty at the LBJ Institute for STEM Education and Re- search. In addition she is the Co-I and Assistant Site Director of the NASA Future Aerospace-engineers and Mathematicians Academy project. Her research interests include applications of geospatial technolo- gies in issues of social justice, women in science with a focus on access and equity, and Latin America. She earned her Ph.D. in Environmental Geography in 2014 from Texas State University c American Society for

Conference Session

ET Curriculum & Programs

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Panteha Alipour, Purdue University; Kathryne Newton, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

published, for example as course documentation.Most curricula are not formed from scratch, and all are complete within organizational and societalrestrictions. Americans have spent millions of dollars and occupied the time of hundreds ofscholars and scientists on curriculum development projects. Most of this money and energy hasspent to create new sets of course materials—textbooks, learning materials and apparatus of allkinds, teachers' guides, and tests—and to prepare teachers to use them.The primary stage of analysis of the curriculum involves understanding the current curriculum, itsappropriateness to broader development and education policy objectives. During this stage, it isessential to building an understanding of how well the curriculum is

Conference Session

Computational Thinking in Pre-College Engineering

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hoda Ehsan, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Abeera P. Rehmat, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Hayaam Osman; Carson Ohland, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ibrahim H. Yeter, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Paper ID #27374Examining the Role of Parents in Promoting Computational Thinking in Chil-dren: A Case Study on one Homeschool Family (Fundamental)Ms. Hoda Ehsan, Purdue University, West Lafayette Hoda is a Ph.D. student in the School of Engineering Education, Purdue. She received her B.S. in me- chanical engineering in Iran, and obtained her M.S. in Childhood Education and New York teaching certification from City College of New York (CUNY-CCNY). She is now a graduate research assistant on STEM+C project. Her research interests include designing informal setting for engineering learning, and promoting engineering thinking in

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session - Assessment

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin L Hess, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Grant A Fore, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Brandon H Sorge, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; M A Coleman, Indiana U Purdue U Indianapolis; Mary F. Price; Thomas William Hahn, IUPUI

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

’ ethical formation. Theresearch question that we seek to address is, “In what different ways and to what extent doesparticipation in departmental engineering and science courses cultivate STEM students’ ethicalformation?” We define ethical formation in terms of several skills and dispositions, includingempathy [10], civic-mindedness [11], and ethical reasoning [12].This study is part of a larger project that strives to explore the effectiveness of integratingcommunity-engaged pedagogy and ethical reflection in the science and engineering curriculum[13]. During the 2018-2019 academic semesters, a subset of faculty from the courses surveyed inthis study participated in a faculty learning community focused on ethics instruction andcommunity-engaged

Conference Session

Interest & Identity

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Murad Musa Mahmoud, Wartburg College; Jessica Marie Faber, Wartburg College; Luke G. Grzech, Wartburg College; Kurt Henry Becker, Utah State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

for the innovation Studio in the Engineering department.Luke G. Grzech, Wartburg College Luke is a Student in the Engineering Science Department at Wartburg College. He is getting his major in Engineering Science and Minors in Mathematics and Leadership. Research interests include recruitment into STEM and diversity in STEM.Prof. Kurt Henry Becker, Utah State University Kurt Becker is the current director for the Center for Engineering Education Research (CEER) which examines innovative and effective engineering education practices as well as classroom technologies that advance learning and teaching in engineering. He is also working on National Science Foundation (NSF) funded projects exploring engineering

Conference Session

Beneficial Partnerships: Enhancing Library Programming with Strategic Collaborations

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily K. Hart, Syracuse University; Alex Vincent Jannini, Syracuse University; Alexander J. Johnson, Syracuse University; Katy Pieri, Syracuse University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

heavily toSTEM students because they were co-organized by the STEM Librarian, ASEE@SU, and theECS-GSO, all graduate students were invited to attend.The first event, Speed Dating the Research Experts, took place on February 1, 2018. It wasdesigned to be the kick-off event for a series of follow-up research roundtables that were smallerand took a deeper dive into specific topics. The Research Speed Dating event, as the nameimplies, followed a speed dating-style format. In order to facilitate the rotation of a large groupover the span of 2 hours, participants were assigned to small groups of around 5 people, witheach group having 7 minutes to meet with an individual from the Libraries who specialized in aspecific topic: starting a research project

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randall D. Manteufel, University of Texas, San Antonio; Amir Karimi P.E., University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Focused on Female Students

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer M. Bastiaan, Kettering University; Roger Bastiaan, ENWIN Utilities

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

be interactive. Questions for the students are listedwith a “Q” symbol. Comments or further lines of questioning are marked with bullets. Theinstructor will lead the activity throughout, announcing each step and making sure that all groupshave completed the step before proceeding with the next step. Project, show on a large posterGEEOrganization 2018: Autonomous Vehicles Activity on Event Day 1(a) Example Slide for Interactive Lecture (b) Room Ready for Activity Figure 3: Autonomous Vehicles Activity Setup (a) Pink Group Performing Activity (b) Purple Group Performing Activity

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 2A: Using Alternative Measurements to Look at Students and Their Success

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Schar, Stanford University; Angela Harris, Stanford University; Robert J. Witt, University of Wisconsin - Madison; Robert Rice, University of California - Merced; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

classroom to 1-to 20 in the Small classroom).This would suggest that bringing more TA resources into a Large classroom (i.e., closer to the 1-to-20 ratio) and training TAs to proactively engage in the students’ learning process may be ahigh leverage intervention that significantly impacts closeness.The role of a Friend within the classroom is also important. Closeness to a Friend had thehighest pre-course scores and highest post-course scores almost double the closeness achieved bythe TA. This can take the form of discussion and study partners, project partners and even peermentors. Activity that leverages this peer-to-peer closeness within the classroom can have asubstantial impact on inclusion within the classroom 40. This suggests that peer

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wolter J. Fabrycky P.E., Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

Figure 2 beintegrated and applied iteratively and continuously, guided by these 10 blocks. Figure 4. A morphology for systems engineeringSynthesis. To design is to synthesize, project, and propose what might be for a specific set ofcustomer and stakeholder requirements, often expressed in functional terms (Block 2). Synthesisis the creative process of putting known things and newly developed entities together into moreuseful and new combinations to produce emergent properties. Meeting a need in compliance withcustomer and stakeholder requirements is the objective of design synthesis.The primary elements enabling design synthesis are the design team (Block 3) supported bytraditional and computer-based tools for design