Conference Session

Recruiting/Retention Lower Division

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Terrence Freeman; Jessica du Maine

.” Page 8.171.8 “Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2003, American Society for Engineering Education”Bibliography1. Reichert, M. and M. Absher, Taking another look at educating African American engineers: The importance of undergraduate retention. Journal of Engineering Education, 1997. 86(3).2. Besterfield-Sacre, M., C.J. Atman, and L.J. Shuman, Characteristics of freshman engineering students: Models for determining student attrition in engineering. Journal of Engineering Education, 1997. 86(2): p. 139-149.3. Morning, C. and J. Fleming, Project preserve: A program to retain minorities in engineering. Journal of

Conference Session

Factors Impacting Engineering Career Choices, Including Engaging Families

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Massi, University of Central Florida; Charles H. Reilly, University of Central Florida; Diane Johnson, University of Central Florida; Leslie Castner, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

interest and preparedness. Along with teaching seventh grade science, she is now giving workshops to middle school teachers demonstrat- ing how to incorporate more STEM-based learning into the curriculum. She is also one of the coordinators for Expanding Your Horizons, sponsored by the College of Engineering and Computer Science at Uni- versity of Central Florida, an annual conference that encourages middle school age girls to realize their potential in science, technology, engineering, and math.Leslie Castner, University of Central Florida Leslie Castner graduated from Duke University with a B.S. in computer science. She worked for IBM as a software developer on projects for the FAA and the petroleum industry. She is

Conference Session

FPD IX: Research on First-year Programs Part III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Federica Robinson-Bryant, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

this study. The course is designed to introduce students to engineering and its manydisciplines. It leans heavily on communication, teamwork and technical skill through designtasks, computational analyses and research-based projects while also attesting to the importanceof crucial soft skills often unrecognized by young engineering students. Each section averaged27 students, with one student assistant assigned to each. All courses were taught by a singleinstructor using the group blog format within the Blackboard interface for the first half of thecourse only (approximately 8 weeks).3.2 ParticipantsStudents were generally first-year students enrolled in one of several engineering programsoffered at the University. Although specific majors vary

Conference Session

Tablets Large and Small

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Smitesh Bakrania, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

added benefit of recording student responses and using it toquickly learn student names can become a handy assistive technology. With several new featuresbeing incorporated, Pikme with added functionalities has the potential to become an essentialtool in classrooms.AcknowledgementsMajority of the Pikme app development efforts were headed by Ryan Sikorski as part of hissenior year student project at Rowan University Mechanical Engineering Department. MichaelGoldberg assisted in the initial stages of the app development, while Robert Sheridan, AlexanderRedfield and Justin Litowitz were involved in the latest update. Pikme was developed usingfunding from the Rowan University’s Mechanical Engineering Department

Conference Session

Innovatiive Methods to Teach Engineering to URMs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michel A. Reece, Morgan State University; Tracy R. Rone, Institute for Urban Research, Morgan State University; Carl White, Morgan State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

ofOccupational Statistics and Employment Projections, Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2002, Vol.125, No. 5.[4] May, G. S., Chubin, D. E., “A Retrospective on Undergraduate Engineering Success forUnderrepresented Minority Students,” Journal of Engineering Education, January 2003.[5] Treisman, U., “Studying Students Studying Calculus: A Look at the lives of minoritymathematics students in college”, The College Mathematics Journal, Vol. 23, o. 5, pp. 362-372. Page 25.730.12[6] Bonsangue, M., “An efficacy study of the calculus workshop model,” CBMS Issues inCollegiate Mathematics Education, Vol. 4, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI,1994. pp. 117

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Mark Jansson P.E., Bucknell University; David Kelley, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.11. Nauhaus and S. Lord, “Know Your Lab Stuff: Laboratory Proficiency Exam for an Introductory Circuits Class,” Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.12. K. Saunders, J. Shanks, S. Mallapragada, M. Griffin, C. Glatz, and M.. Huba, “Using Rubrics to Facilitate Students’ Development of Problem Solving Skills,” Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.13. M. Parten, “Semester Long Projects in Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratories,” Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.14. J. Kang-Meiler

Conference Session

ETD Design I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Border, Bowling Green State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

to accomplish labs within a reasonable amount of time. However,experience has shown that since the simulations are executed on Windows XP computers withina laboratory shared with a wide variety of actively used software applications, unexpectedinterruptions due to computer freezes (etc.) can occur and spoil an unsuspecting student's work.Future work will concentrate on moving the lab work in two directions. One direction is to takea few portions within this material and move them into the program's sophomore year electronicsdigital logic course. An example would be to use encoding schemes such as AMI or NRZI as thebasis for digital logic projects. This will help students better understand the interrelationbetween areas of electronic

Conference Session

Ethical Cases and Curricula

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert M. Brooks, Temple University; Jyothsna Kavuturu, St.Joseph’s College; Mehmet Cetin, Temple University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

Site) Hypothetical Case 8. Human Subjects (RCR Role Plays) (Web Page on this Site) Open-Ended Scenario 9. Hazardous Substances (RCR Role Plays) (Web Page on this Site) Open-Ended Scenario 10. Conflict of Interest (RCR Role Plays) (Web Page on this Site) Open-Ended Scenario 11. Whistleblowing - Professional Relationships (RCR Role Plays) (Web Page on this Site) Open-Ended Scenario 12. The Extended Project (Web Page on this Site) Hypothetical Case Page 25.836.14

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Onursal Onen, University of South Florida; Rasim Guldiken, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

future directions and a section to which students writetheir comments on. The content of the lecture will be listed in the next section, followed by themethod and results of survey including student comments. In the last section, the effectivenessand outcomes of the lecture will be discussed based on the results followed by planned futurework. Page 25.850.4Lecture ContentThe microfluidics lecture was based on a presentation with 60 PowerPoint slides includingintroduction to microfluidics and scaling laws, basic theory, design methods, state-of-the-artapplications, current and projected market and career opportunities. The content covered

Conference Session

Topics in Computer Science and Programming

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Talbert, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

in the traditional Page 25.883.2classroom are largely left to figure this out on their own.The inverted classroomThe STEM disciplines include notable exceptions to the traditional classroom model. Laboratorycomponents to courses typically expect students to complete preparatory readings and exercisesbefore lab, and then the lab time is spent assimilating what they have read through hands-onactivities in the presence of a guide. Courses designed using project- or problem-based learning1extend this methodology sometimes to an entire course. STEM courses designed along theselines show evidence of being highly effective in preparing learners

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Warren, Kansas State University; Xiongjie Dong, Kansas State University; Tim J. Sobering, Kansas State University; Jason Yao, East Carolina University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Director, Tim’s vision was realized as the laboratory came online and assumed the responsibility for supporting the instrumentation needs of research programs across all of K-State.Dr. Jason Yao, East Carolina University Jianchu (Jason) Yao received a Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Kansas State University in 2005. He is currently an associate professor of engineering at East Carolina University. His research inter- ests include wearable medical devices, elehealthcare, bioinstrumentation, control systems, and biosignal processing. His educational research interests are laboratory/project-driven learning and integration of re- search into undergraduate education. Yao is a member of the American Society of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olufunmilola Atilola, Texas A&M University; Cheryl Osterman; Francisco Vides, Texas A&M University; Erin M. McTigue, Texas A&M University; Julie S. Linsey, Texas A&M University; Tracy Hammond, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

. The focus group discussion showed that thestudents really liked the program; they mostly appreciated the instant feedback and they said thatMechanix motivated them to move on to more problems when they saw that they hadsuccessfully solved the previous ones.IntroductionThe Mechanix software is an innovative and efficient computer-based educational tool developedto teach engineering students the fundamentals of truss mechanics and design. It provides avisual aid for students to solve problems and it is able to guide (tutor) them through the processof solving a truss design by providing immediate and intelligent feedback and guidance.The objective of this project is to evaluate and improve on the Mechanix program whilemeasuring its effectiveness

Conference Session

Social Media and In-class Technology: Creating Active Learning Environments

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Patrick Hogan, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Dan Cernusca, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2012-4852: MILLENNIALS PERCEPTION OF USING CLICKER TOSUPPORT AN ACTIVE CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT: AN EARLY ADOP-TION PERSPECTIVEDr. John Patrick Hogan, Missouri University of Science & Technology John P. Hogan is an Associate Professor of geology in the Department of Geological Sciences and Engi- neering at the Missouri University of Science and Technology. He received his Ph.D. and M.S. degrees in geology in 1990 and 1984 from Virginia Tech. He also holds a B.S. in geology from the University of New Hampshire. His research interests include igneous petrology, structural geology, and tectonics. He has active projects in Maine, Oklahoma, Missouri, Egypt, and southern Africa. He is also interested in enhancing

Conference Session

Global Engineering Models: Curriculum Development, Improvements, and Partnerships

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teri Kristine Reed, Purdue University, West Lafayette; P.K. Imbrie, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Qu Jin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Joe J.J. Lin, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

International

Pur- due University. He holds B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in aerospace engineering from Texas A&M University. His research interests include educational research, solid mechanics, experimental mechanics, microstructural evaluation of materials, and experiment and instrument design. He has been involved with various research projects sponsored by NSF, NASA, and AFOSR, ranging from education-related issues to traditional research topics in the areas of elevated temperature constitutive modeling of monolithic super alloys and environmental effects on titanium based metal matrix composites. His current research inter- ests include epistemologies, assessment, and modeling of student learning, student success

Conference Session

Thinking, Reasoning & Engineering in Elementary School

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cathy Lachapelle, Museum of Science, Boston; Christine Cunningham, Museum of Science, Boston

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

is a particular difficulty when assessing engineering.This paper addresses content questions; the issue of assessing skills and process knowledge isleft for future research.IntroductionEngineering is Elementary (EiE) is a research-based curriculum development project focused oncreating curriculum units that cover topics in engineering and technology as a supplement to corescience instruction. Each EiE curriculum unit is designed to build on and reinforce one sciencetopic through the exploration and development of a related technology. EiE has been committedfrom the project’s inception in 2003 to assessing students’ knowledge about engineering andtechnology, and measuring the impact of EiE on student knowledge and attitudes. EiE is

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Benson, Kettering University; Ada Cheng, Kettering University; Odesma Dalrymple, ASU Polytechnic

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

instruction or other remedialefforts to improve student learning, and to have a measure for demonstrating the effectiveness oftheir remedial/re-instruction efforts.While the content and skills trajectory research seeks to address curricular level efforts inassessment, in addition to mapping content and skill trajectories on a more detailed level, thisresearch also seeks to identify and categorize the methods of content and skills failure within thetrajectory structure. Unlike other efforts to evaluate student learning this project will look at Page 15.878.4failure of learning points rather than success. This analysis will be used to identify

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emad Habib, University of Louisiana, Lafayette; Carloina Cruz-Neira, University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Yuxin Ma, University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Douglas Williams, University of Louisiana at Lafayette

and co-directed the Human-Computer Interaction graduate program. Dr. Cruz's work in VR started with her Ph.D. dissertation, the design of the CAVE™ Virtual Reality Environment, and the CAVE™ Library software specifications and implementation. Since then, her research has been driven by providing applicability and simplicity to VR technology. She spearheaded the open-source VR API movement with the development of VR Juggler. She currently serves as the main investigators on research projects from the National Science Foundation and the Army Research Lab.Yuxin Ma, University of Louisiana at Lafayette Dr. Yuxin Ma is a Researcher at the Center for Innovative Learning Assessment

Conference Session

Women in K-12 Engineeering & Outreach Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arlisa Labrie Richardson, Estrella Mountain Community College; Maria Reyes, Estrella Mountain Community College; Marge Goodman, Intel Corporation

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

activities as the high school participants,however they were more engaged when they were with their age group. The 2008 conferencewas the first conference with two separates dates one for middle school participants and the otherfor high school participants. In previous years, the conference had been held during one daywith both middle and high school participants yet offered two separate “conference tracks”. The2008 separation of the conference allowed for two one-day conferences each focused on onelevel: one day for middle school and one day for high school students. Year Middle School High School 2006 Balloon Flinker project Barbie Bungee Polymer Silly Slim

Conference Session

Spatial Ability and Visualization in Graphics Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rui (Celia) Pan, Purdue University; Shih-Ping Kuo, Purdue University; Johannes Strobel, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

solving exercise problems and designing projects like identity logo, flyer, calendar, and postcard. Program: In Design 19 17 Design single and multiple- page (8 females; (6 females; 11 documents for business, advertising 11males) males) such as identities, flyers, brochures,CG02 forms, catalogs, newsletters and booklets. Program: In Design 65 45Total Table 1We

Conference Session

Computers in Education Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Wey Chen, Southern Taiwan University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

suggested system by incorporating other programming languages suchas C++ and MS Visual Basic.AcknowledgementThis work is funded by the National Science Council in Taiwan, under the “Science Education”Program, Project No. NSC 97-2511-S-218-005-MY2.Bibliography1. Allen Tucker. (2003). A Model Curriculum for K-12 Computer Science. Final Report of the ACM K-12 Education Task Force Curriculum Committee. ACM.2. Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., and Cocking, R.R.(2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, D.C.:National Academy Press.3. Resnick, M. (1995). New paradigms for computing, new paradigms for thinking. In A. diSessa, Hoyles, C., & Noss, R. (Eds.), Computers and Exploratory Learning (pp. 31-43). New York

Conference Session

Pedagogical Innovations in Laboratory Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Glen Archer, Michigan Technological University; Kedmon Hungwe, Michigan Technological University; Luke Mounsey, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Baptist College in Gaylord, MI. He enjoys hiking, camping, fishing, and the occasional random research project. Page 15.914.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 New directions in engineering education: The development of a virtual lab course in electronic circuits.Abstract – The development of virtual education satisfying the needs of engineeringeducation is getting increased attention in the current era of Web and virtual technologies.In this paper, we present the rationale, implementation and formative evaluation of avirtual lab environment for an electronic circuits course. The system, which is

Conference Session

Teacher and Counselor Professional Development

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beth Spencer, Georgia Institute of Technology; Donna Llewellyn, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marion Usselman, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

of K-12 education. In the spring of 2010, over 50students were enrolled in the undergraduate education courses.Strand 3: Mentoring ExperiencesCareer counselors regularly recommend that college students interview professionals in theirprospective fields in order to learn about a career. Therefore one initiative implemented as partof Tech to Teaching is a Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (Teaching-SURE)program that places Pre-Teaching students and experienced high school STEM teachers together Page 15.1019.6into research labs to engage in summer research projects. The goal of this pairing is to allow thePage 15.1019.7the 1,245 students

Conference Session

Philosophical Foundations, Frameworks, and Testing in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Skylar Stewart; Linda Ramsey; Julie DuBois; Jorge Roldan; David Mills

the ACT Assessment. News Release September 29, 1999. Retrieved from < http://www.act.org/news/releases/1999/09-29-99.html> 8. Dean, A and Voss, D. Design and Analysis of Experiments. Springer-Verlage New York, Inc., 1999.BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATIONJORGE E. ROLDAN is a graduate student in Molecular Science and Nanotechnology at Louisiana TechUniversity. His current research involves applications of nanotechnology for drug delivery and cartilage tissueengineering. This is Jorge’s second year with the GK-12 Program and assisting in teaching high-school mathematicsand science at Weston High School.SKYLAR S. STEWART is a graduate student in Biomedical Engineering at Louisiana Tech University. Her mostcurrent research project

Conference Session

Information Integration

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Azzedine Lansari; Akram Al-Rawi, McKendree University; Faouzi Bouslama, Université Laval

be accredited by ABET. They provide a detailed description of 30 semester hours plus a 3semester hours of prerequisite. These 33 semester hours are listed below:0- Personal Productivity with IS Technology1- Fundamentals of Information Systems2- Electronic Business Strategy, Architecture and Design3- Information Systems Theory and Practice4- Information Technology Hardware and System Software5- Programming, Data, File and Object Structures6- Networks and Telecommunication7- Analysis and Logical Design8- Physical Design and Implementation with DBMS9- Physical Design and Implementation in Emerging Environments10- Project Management and PracticeA typical Bachelor degree in IS includes: • 39 hours of general education • 9 hours of

Conference Session

Best Zone Paper Competition

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristi Shryock, Texas A&M University; Helen Reed, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Council of Sections

department can provide objective,direct feedback. Disadvantages to this process include the extensive time involved and theintimidation factor that outside individuals can often have on students.Embedded IndicatorsDirect assessment of student performance in a course directly tied to a specific program outcomeis referred to as an embedded indicator. This type of information reflects a direct assessmentmethod and can provide quite useful information. To be clear, embedded indicators do not referto course grades, and we will discuss those separately. Embedded indicators relate to studentperformance on a particular activity, such as an exam question, project, or report, and correlate toa particular outcome. Courses that are more relevant to a particular

Conference Session

Technical Papers

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Bernier, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

AC 2010-8: USING LIBGUIDES AS A WEB 2.0 CONTENT MANAGEMENTSYSTEM AND A COLLABORATION TOOL FOR ENGINEERING LIBRARIANSRichard Bernier, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Richard Bernier is the Reference and Electronic Services Librarian at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology where he manages subscriptions and access to all electronic resources; conducts reference service and library instruction, and manages the digital archives project. He is currently transitioning his library toward a Library 2.0 environment. Page 15.1330.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Using

Conference Session

High School Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Heersink, Colorado School of Mines; Wanda Dann, Carnegie Mellon University; Barbara Moskal, Colorado School of Mines; Alka Herriger, Purdue; Steven Cooper, Purdue

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2010-90: INVESTIGATING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ COMPUTINGBELIEFSDaniel Heersink, Colorado School of MinesBarbara Moskal, Colorado School of MinesWanda Dann, Carnegie Mellon UniversityAlka Herriger, PurdueSteven Cooper, Purdue Page 15.813.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Investigating High School Students’ Computing BeliefsAbstractMany projects throughout the United States are underway that seek to increase the appeal ofcomputing as a field of study. This article reports the results of pre and post attitudes surveyswhich were administered before and after two interventions. One of the interventions wasdesigned to change students’ attitudes with

Conference Session

Student Attitudes and Perceptions

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tracee Gilbert, Virginia Tech; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Tech; Sharnnia Artis, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2010-1480: STUDENT SUCCESS – ORIENTED NEEDS ANALYSISFRAMEWORK: A PILOT STUDYTracee Gilbert, Virginia Tech Tracee Walker Gilbert is a Ph.D. candidate in Industrial and Systems Engineering at Virginia Tech. Her research focuses on designing and applying ISE methods and tools to improve engineering education, with particular emphasis on new approaches that will have lasting effects for the success of women and minority students in K-12 and higher education. Prior to pursuing graduate studies full-time, she worked as a Senior Systems Engineer in private industry where she lead projects to develop Geospatial Intelligence Systems from concept through implementation.Janis Terpenny, Virginia Tech

Conference Session

Sustainable Energy Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Simon, University of Nevada, Reno; Ted Batchman, University of Nevada-Reno; Christine Taylor, Lewis and Clark University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

limits to growth: A report for the club of Rome’s project on the predicament of mankind. New York: Universe Books.18. Monastersky, R. 2006a. A new science breaks down boundaries, Chronicle of Higher Education. 53(9): A20.19. Monastersky, R. 2006b. Truth in advertising: Middlebury college‘s biomass plant, Chronicle of Higher Education. 53(9): A20.20. North, Douglass C. 1981. Structure and change in economic history. New York: Norton.21. Pierce, J., and Lovrich, N. 1986. Water resources, democracy, and the technical information quandary. Millwood, NY: Associated Faculty Press. Page 15.808.16

Conference Session

Mechanical and Architectural Engineering Laboratories

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Toyama, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Reza Sadr, Texas A&M University at Qatar

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

the local industry, in this case mainly oil andgas, without the need for overseas migration in order to obtain their education. Given theirdiverse backgrounds and their attendance to a certified Western higher education system,successful graduates will be capable of pursuing engineering projects on the local and globalscale.6Despite the drive of the Regional students to enter engineering disciplines, summaries of industryviews on Regional engineering graduates reveal that they are seen to be especially deficient interms of hands-on experience, team work, and independent critical thinking.7 It is thereforeespecially important to foster any industry links with the students—including the simulation ofday-to-day practice and equipment in order to