Collection

2021 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Sumit Verma; Zahra Mansouri; R. Panneer Selvam

H B C X D Fig. 2. Isometric view of computational domain with a cubical building model inside © American Society for Engineering Education, 2021 2021 ASEE Midwest Section Conference Z Y X X (a) (b) Fig. 3. Orthographic projection of

Collection

2013 North Midwest Section Meeting

Authors

Jon J. Smith; Sima Noghanian

simple array design, or used MATLAB® for developing simple DoA programs. Having thiscomplete program available with the source code now provides the instructors the tools to designmore sophisticated assignments and projects for better understanding of realistic array antennasused in wireless systems.AcknowledgmentsAuthors would like to acknowledge the financial support of North Dakota NASA EPSCoR(National Aeronautics and Space Administration Experimental Program to Stimulate 290 Competitive Research) and the support of University of North Dakota Electrical Engineering Department. Bibliography

Collection

Middle Atlantic ASEE Section Spring 2021 Conference

Authors

David I. Schwartz, Rochester Institute of Technology (GCCIS)

call their version of vectors and linearalgebra. The math expectations usually exceed typical computer science requirements, whichleaves instructors of game physics limited choices: showing formulas without derivation (a kindof “hand-waving”) teaching abstract concepts using physics APIs, e.g., [40, 50-53], reducingmathematical complexity, or perhaps raising the expectations to graduate level or beyond.Given that my students already tend to use physics APIs in group projects in other courses, Ihave concentrated on using smaller examples to develop mastery of the concepts. With regard tophysics APIs, I have a section of the course where students use an API, but I also warn thestudents—why use a sledgehammer when a ballpeen hammer will suffice

Collection

Chemical Engineering Education

Authors

MUJAN SEIF; MATTHEW BECK

, “Characteristics of Successful dergraduate Engineering: Results from the Project to Assess Climate Cross-disciplinary Engineering Education Collaborations,” J. Eng. in Engineering,” J. Eng. Educ., 101(2), 319 (Jan. 2013) Educ., 97(2), 123 (2008) 6. Hewitt, N.M., and E. Seymour, “A Long, Discouraging Climb,” ASEE 27. Hager, M.D., S. Bode, C. Weber, and U.S. Schubert, “Shape memory Prism, 1(6), 24 (1992) polymers: Past, present and future developments,” Progress in Polymer 7. Fiske, S.T., J.G. Cromley, T. Perez, and A. Kaplan, “Undergraduate Science, 49, 3 (2015) STEM Achievement and Retention,” Policy Insights from the

Conference Session

Engineering Workforce Track - Session VI

Collection

2018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference

Authors

Lesley M. Berhan, University of Toledo; Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Topics

Engineering Workforce

engineering via engineering technology. For example, at the University of Toledo, ifa student applies to one of the engineering science departments and does not meet all of the entryrequirement (high school math requirement and GPA, ACT/SAT score, and high schoolchemistry), the student is automatically reviewed for engineering technology and is admittedonce they met the entry requirements. Once in an engineering technology program a student cantransfer to an engineering department by completing the requisite courses and maintaining acertain GPA; however African American students rarely pursue this pathway- either due to lackof information, or due to the psychological and motivational barriers.Future WorkFor the next phase of the project the survey

Conference Session

Faculty Track - Technical Session IV

Collection

2018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference

Authors

Autumn Marie Reed, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Nilanjan Banerjee, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Elsa D. Garcin, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Wayne G. Lutters, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Susan McDonough, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Christopher Murphy, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Kevin Erling Omland, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Tagged Topics

Faculty

Professor of Information Systems in the College of Engineering and Information Technology at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). Dr. Lutters serves as one of the inaugural STRIDE fellows in addition to a role on the ADVANCE Executive committee and advisory boards for the Center for Women in Technology (CWIT) and the Honors College. Dr. Lutters’ research interests are at the nexus of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW), social computing, and social informatics. He specializes in field studies of IT-mediated work, from a socio-technical perspective, to better inform the design and evaluation of collaborative systems. Recent projects have included cyberinfrastructure for e-Science

Conference Session

Undergraduate Track - Technical Session VI

Collection

2018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference

Authors

Najmah Thomas, University of South Carolina, Beaufort; Ronald Erdei, University of South Carolina, Beaufort

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Undergraduate Education

and math (STEM) fields have increased inoverall importance from a variety of perspectives during the past few decades. In terms ofindividual employment opportunities and overall quality of life, STEM occupations have higherthan average job growth projections and higher than average wage rates [1] . STEM occupationsare also closely linked to high prestige and economic prosperity from a national standpoint [2] .In terms of practical application, STEM fields are responsible for identification of solutions tomyriad challenges in multiple business sectors, government, entertainment, and everyday life.It is widely acknowledged that the United States must increase its production of individualsskilled in various STEM fields in order to maintain and

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Monday 5-Minute Work-in-Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emma Tevaarwerk DeCosta, Northwestern University; J. Alex Birdwell, Northwestern University; Ken Gentry, Northwestern University; Richard Wayne Freeman P.E., Northwestern University; Alan R. Wolff, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Communication (DTC) is a project based design course taken twice duringfreshmen year, with DTC I taken in the fall or winter, and DTC II taken in the spring. First-yearstudents also take calculus and a basic science course determined largely on their major ofchoice. Below, we look specifically at the math and engineering analysis curricula, advisingpractices, and related student outcomes.Student Preparation in Math and Science and OutcomesFigure 1 shows the percentage of the freshmen class with varying amounts of incoming math andscience credit (Chemistry, Calculus AB, Calculus BC, Physics B, Physics C [Mechanics],Physics C [Electricity and Magnetism], Physics 1, Physics 2, Biology, Environmental Science)for 2006 to 2016, binned into categories from

Conference Session

Proven Strategies in Classroom Engagement Part I: Artifacts for Creative Pedagogy

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel J. Pickel, University of Waterloo; G. Wayne Brodland, University of Waterloo; Rania Al-Hammoud P.Eng., University of Waterloo

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. This resulted in several publications in this educational research areas. Dr. Al-Hammoud won the ”Ameet and Meena Chakma award for exceptional teaching by a student” in 2014 from University of Waterloo. Her students regard her as an innovative teacher who introduced new ideas to the classroom. Such ideas include using ”props” to increase students’ understanding of the materials, as well as using new technology such as i-clickers and IF-AT cards. Dr. Al-Hammoud also organized a bridge-building contest in one of her courses where she worked with other professors in the department to integrate the project horizontally across the curriculum. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016

Conference Session

Assessment II: Learning Gains and Conceptual Understanding

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Lewis Van De Bogart, University of Maine; MacKenzie R. Stetzer, University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Investigating physics and engineering students’ understanding of ac biasing networksAbstract: This research paper describes a targeted investigation of student understanding of acbiasing networks, which has been conducted as part of a larger, ongoing project focused on thelearning and teaching of canonical bipolar junction transistor (BJT) circuits (e.g., the common-emitter amplifier). Biasing networks are critical for signal processing via BJT circuits, yetcoverage of such networks in physics and electrical engineering courses and texts is sparse andfrequently secondary to coverage of the amplifier circuits themselves. In this cross-disciplinaryproject, we have been

Conference Session

Best of DEED

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven C. Zemke, Gonzaga University; Diane L. Zemke

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

and testing overtechnical terms and formulas fills one part of the repertoire; it does not complete it. Our previousresearch revealed that students stock their repertoires in a number of ways, one of which washands-on learning.4 For example, in that study, a student noted: In this case we were given a list of materials we could use for our project. The problem is feeling a list doesn’t really help me. I need to feel and see the materials in order to fully understand their capabilities as well as their limitations.4Stocking a sufficient repertoire is based on all the students’ experiences in the domain, whichincludes coursework, past experience, extracurricular design experience, and so forth.Thus, effective verbal

Conference Session

Issues in Engineering Technology Education I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

specifically for job search skills,required a full year senior design project of all students, and the career center is too general --more specific information is needed, Graduates were also asked if they had any issues with theengineering technology degree vs. engineering degree. The results indicate that five of thegraduates did have an issue, while 19 did not. Comments to support answers provided indicatedthat ET grads are hired at lower levels than their engineering counterparts, they have to workharder to show their capability, potential employers have preconceived notions that ET degreeswere inferior and were at times thought to be two-year degrees or certificates. One respondentindicated that their resume presents their experience prior to

Conference Session

Innovation and Fun in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Battistini, Angelo State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

of the 2002 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition,Session 1815, Montreal, Canada, June 16-19, 2002.[21] M. A. Selby, “Engineers Assemble: The Use of Popular Culture in Engineering Education,”Proceedings of the 2014 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, June 15-18,2014.[22] L. W. Durant, Ed., “Anthony Battistini Brings Energy and Innovation to Teaching,” 2016Civil Engineering Institute Report, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, pp. 31-33, April2017, http://civil.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/2016InstituteReport_bleed_3.9.17.pdf.[Accessed February 4, 2019].[23] E. A. Battistini, “HE 605: Learning Assessment,” George Mason University, Fairfax, VA,HE 605 Course Project, Fall 2016.

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 1: Methods Refresh: Approaches to Data Analysis in Engineering Education Research

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allison Godwin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Aaron Robert Hamilton Thielmeyer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jacqueline Ann Rohde, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Dina Verdin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brianna Benedict McIntyre, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Rachel Ann Baker; Jacqueline Doyle, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

., number of filter slices [n]).We illustrate these methodological decisions as well as the results of TDA and its usefulness forengineering education using data from a project investigating first-year engineering students’underlying attitudes, beliefs, and mindsets to characterize the latent diversity of these students. Apaper-and-pencil survey was administered to 3,855 students at 32 ABET accredited institutionsacross the U.S. in Fall 2017. After cleaning the data using attention checks within the survey, 3,711student responses were examined for validity evidence. Exploratory factor analysis (for newlydeveloped scales) and confirmatory factor analysis (for existing scales) were conducted. Theresulting factors with strong validity evidence and

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 23: Courses and Research on Communication

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ellen Zerbe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Catherine G.P. Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, University of California, Irvine; Joana M. M. Melo, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

our larger research project was conducted in Spring 2018 viaemail with administrative assistants in engineering departments at ten research-intensiveuniversities across the United States. While over 800 participants completed a portion of the study,a total of N= 621 completed graduate students completed the entirety of the survey. Because thesurvey was long, completion was incentivized with a $5 Amazon.com gift card. A majority ofparticipants identified men (61.0%), 37.8 % identified as women, and 1.1% of participantsidentified as another gender or did not wish to answer. 49.3% of participants identified asWhite/Caucasian; 35.8% identified as Asian/Pacific Islander; 8.1% identified as Hispanic or LatinAmerican; 2.4% identified as African

Conference Session

Work-In-Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael David Mau Barankin, Colorado School of Mines; Justin Franklin Shaffer, Colorado School of Mines; Logan Riley Nimer

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

University of Applied Sciences in Groningen, where he taught both in Dutch and in English. During this time his primary teaching and course develop- ment responsibilities were wide-ranging, but included running the Unit Operations laboratory, introducing Aspen Plus software to the curriculum, and developing a course for a new M.S. program on Renewable Energy (EUREC). In conjunction with his teaching appointment, he supervised dozens of internships (a part of the curriculum at the Hanze), and a number of undergraduate research projects with the Energy Knowledge Center (EKC) as well as a master’s thesis. In 2016, Dr. Barankin returned to the US to teach at the Colorado School of Mines. His primary teaching and course

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark W. Milke P.E., University of Canterbury; Annelies Kamp, University of Canterbury ; Dave Brierley, Engineering New Zealand

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

], indicatingretention benefits for both the mentee and their student mentor [15]. Related research on facultymentoring of STEM students suggests ‘non-intrusive’ mentoring practices are effective insustaining motivation and building a sense of autonomy [16]. Non-intrusive practices are thosethat are based in a notion of self-determination; the role of the mentor is not to direct menteesbut, rather, to support them in arriving at their own solutions and ideas. In attaining this form ofmentoring practice mentors require ‘qualifications’ that go beyond their technical background.These might include attainment of a professional level and training expertise, willingness to help,communication skills and other individual characteristics [9]. Research on a project

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Katherine Watson, The Citadel; Ally Kindel Martin, The Citadel; Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Kevin C Bower P.E., The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

, Studying Engineering: A Road Map to a RewardingCareer [7], has been used by over 100,000 students at more than 300 institutions [8]. Throughthis course, students gain a clear picture of what success in engineering study will bring to theirlives [6].The major goals of this course are to: (1) encourage students to develop the study skills neededto succeed in engineering and (2) guide them in becoming integrated into the engineeringcommunity on campus. To accomplish these goals, students participate in interactive classdiscussions and projects related to academic success and community building, as previouslyreported [5]. In addition, students are required to attend and submit a reflection on each of theacademic and community building resources

Conference Session

Student Motivation and Faculty Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jessie Keeler, Oregon State University; Bill Jay Brooks, Oregon State University; Debra May Friedrichsen, Unaffiliated; Jeffrey A Nason, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

his Ph.D. from UC Berkeley, all in Chemical Engineering. He currently has research activity in areas related engineering education and is interested in integrating technology into effective educational practices and in promoting the use of higher-level cognitive skills in engineering problem solving. His research interests particularly focus on what prevents students from being able to integrate and extend the knowledge developed in specific courses in the core curriculum to the more complex, authentic problems and projects they face as professionals. Dr. Koretsky is one of the founding members of the Center for Lifelong STEM Education Research at OSU

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanya Stanko P.E., Innopolis University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

. Theselimitations project on young women an inability to envision oneself as an IT specialist inthe future, and as a result form an unwillingness to pursue further development in IT.H. Input from stakeholdersDuring the study we have also shared7 the graph from Figure 1 and interview severalstakeholders from academia, government and general public. “Women are just not gifted enough to be accepter in IT University” “They have realized that IT is above the level of girls competence. The requirement for IT at school and at University differ” “Women got married and start a family instead of IT profession” “IT is respectable and highly compensated job. Women got washed out in competition with males in our society” “If IT won’t be such desirable

Conference Session

Computers in Education Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fernando Garcia Gonzalez, Florida Gulf Coast University; Janusz Zalewski, Florida Gulf Coast University; Gerardo Javier Pinzon P.E., Texas A&M International University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

National Laboratory. He also worked on projects and consulted for a number of private companies, including Lockheed Martin, Harris, and Boeing. Zalewski served as a chairman of the International Federation for Information Processing Working Group 5.4 on Industrial Software Quality, and of an International Federation of Automatic Control Technical Committee on Safety of Computer Control Systems. His major research interests include safety related, real-time embedded and cyberphysical computer systems, and computing education.Mr. Gerardo Javier Pinzon P.E., Texas A&M International University Page 26.1760.1

Conference Session

Materials Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Ruzycki, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Materials

group has to discuss their data and what theirresults mean in context of larger objectives of the lab. Since laboratories are collaborative multi-weekthemed projects, student may be at different points in their experimental process from week to week.There are rules for discourse and these are modeled for students by Teaching Assistant(TA) andInstructor. Peer students may ask only clarifying questions of the students and cannot make any othercomments. Within the speaking group, each member must speak, and groups have three minutes todiscuss their data without interruption. There is then three minutes of clarifying questions from peers. Thegoals for the discourse are to have students formulate, elaborate, analyze, evaluate and apply a

Collection

2019 CIEC

Authors

Marylin Dyrud

-50.38. Angelo, T., & Boehrer, J. (2002). Case learning: How does it work? Why is it effective? Retrieved from http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/projects/casemethod/caselearning.pdf39. Werhane, P. H. (1999). Moral imagination and management decision making. New York: Oxford.40. Harris, C. E., Jr., Pritchard, M. S., James, R. W., Englehardt, E. E., & Rabins, M. J. (2018). Engineering ethics: Concepts and cases. (6th ed.). Boston: Cengage.41. NSPE. (2018). Board of Ethical Review. Retrieved from https://www.nspe.org/resources/ethics/board-ethical- review42. Murdough Center. (2018). Ethics cases. Retrieved from http://www.depts.ttu.edu/murdoughcenter/products/cases.php43. National Academies of Science, Mathematics, and Engineering. (2018

Conference Session

Approaches to Learning Outcomes Assessment in Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhiwei Guan, University of Washington; Jennifer Turns, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

portfolioassignment. His high rating seems aligned with his high personal interest in mechanicalengineering. While the other two students had taken the course only because it was arequired course, Paul reported personal interest in the material (“I mean machining Ithink is interesting stuff”), which is also further evidenced by the fact that he is doinganother project in the campus to gain extra mechanical engineering experience.Despite these positive survey ratings, Paul, like Danielle and Ned, also held a negativeimpression of the portfolio assignment before creating the portfolio, as illustrated by thepassages below. Before creating the portfolio: “[The very first impression on the portfolio assignment is] Not probably all that favorable…I

Conference Session

Improving ME Instructional Laboratories

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian Sangeorzan, Oakland University; Laila Guessous, Oakland University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Majors,” Proceedings of the 1999 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition3. http://www.chem.queensu.ca/PROGRAMS/UG/Firstyearlabs/apsc100/calorimetry.htm. Accessed, March 3, 20074. Marty Matlock, Scott Osborn, Wayne LePori, and Cady Engler, “Development and Implementation of a Common Investigative Methods Course for Undergraduate Engineering Students,” Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition5. H. W. Shawn Kim, “Improvement of an Undergraduate Thermal Fluid Laboratory Through Innovative Laboratory Design Projects,” Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Paper # 2004

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denise Jackson, University of Tennessee-Knoxville; Sara Abdulla, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

. As social integration can promote academic success it stands to reason that an increase inintegration will also lead to more students graduating in engineering. Therefore, it is importantto encourage students to integrate with other members of their class. Getting students involvedthrough assigning group projects, allowing students to collaborate on homework assignments,encouraging students to participate in engineering societies, clubs and social events, and so forth,can promote involvement. The EF program at UTK is already implementing more collaborativeteaching methods in most of their classes. This has shown success as the retention rates havegone up by 15 percent.3This study does not purport that social interaction is enough to predict

Conference Session

Computer Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

C. Richard Helps, Brigham Young University; Janell Armstrong, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

software. Thedisadvantages are that they consume resources (memory and processing time) and, by design,they isolate the programmer from the hardware2.3.1 Without operating systemsSince the programmer has to manage all the resources these systems tend to be small.Microcontrollers, with their kilobytes of memory usually run without operating systems. Theprogrammer manipulates the IO directly and schedules all the tasks. This makes writing time-critical routines easy, in that the programmer has complete control over the system. Althoughthere is no operating system, the developing organization will usually maintain a library of usefulroutines for common tasks that can be used in projects as needed.2.3.2 With Operating systemsTypically embedded

Conference Session

Web-Based Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andre Encarnacao, University of California, Los Angeles; Paul Espinosa, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Au, University of California, Los Angeles; Lianna Johnson, University of California, Los Angeles; Gregory Chung, University of California-Los Angeles; William Kaiser, University of California-Los Angeles

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Espinosa, University of California, Los Angeles Paul Espinosa is currently a senior at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he studies Computer Science and Engineering, with plans to graduate in June 2007. Soon after entering UCLA, he joined the 3i: Individualized, Interactive Instruction project led by Dr. William J. Kaiser. His responsibilities included designing the software user interface, presenting the 3i system at poster sessions, testing and debugging the software, and making the system portable. When he’s not working on improving 3i, Paul enjoys studying modern cryptography, mathematical modeling, and music.Lawrence Au, University of California, Los Angeles

Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development for K-12 Teachers – I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shanna Daly, Purdue University; Lynn Bryan, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

nanoscale phenomena do teachers find to potentially incorporate into their classrooms? 3. How does the structure of the workshop support teachers’ understanding and use of nanoscale phenomena models in their classroom?Research MethodsDesignThis study is part of a larger design-based research project conducted by the NCLT professionaldevelopment team. Professional development workshops on nanoscale phenomena will occur atseveral universities each summer for the next three years. The implementation structure forNCLT professional development lends itself to a design-based research framework which aimsto “bring design and research activities into tight relation to advance our understanding oflearning-related educational phenomena

Conference Session

Simulation and Virtual Instrumentation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sorraya Khiewnavawongsa, Purdue University; Ron Leong, Purdue University; Edie Schmidt, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Page 12.1225.8traditional classroom setting using Microsoft PowerPoint on a projector screen. For the onlinegroup, the same PowerPoint presentation was projected through Adobe Connect. After theconcept section of the lecture, the instructor switched between Microsoft PowerPoint andMicrosoft Excel to demonstrate the rules and regulations in deploying the three transportationmethods.Pre-test The pre-test was administered in a class one week before the experimental lecture. Ateaching assistant supervised the pre-test at the end of a lecture. Students spent the last 10minutes of class for this test. The pre-test was designed with 10 questions. The first sixquestions were structured as multiple choices to test the understanding of