Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division: Student Empathy & Human-centered Design

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Devanshi Shah, Florida Institute of Technology; Elisabeth Kames, Florida Institute of Technology ; McKenzie Carol Clark, Florida Institute of Technology; Beshoy Morkos, Florida Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Ourresults show that industry team students had the lowest presentation anxiety among all the otherteams. The fall data states that they were confident to present in comparison to students of theother teams. Soft skills play an equal role in the success of an engineer to the technical skill sets.Industry teams get an extra layer of exposure to overcome presentation anxiety and thus wehypothesize that it does plays a significant role in the overall motivation of the senior capstonedesign students.Thus from the ANOVA analysis performed on the cohorts of senior design students, the industryteams started their senior capstone design course with lower cognition and lower self-regulationthan the non-industry teams. They also started with lower

Conference Session

Engaging Students with Creativity and Innovation

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lindsay Anderberg, New York University; Matthew Frenkel, New York University; Mikolaj Wilk, New York University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

addressing the“soft skills” that are often absent in the typical engineering curriculum. Respondents 1 and 2mention the ideas of project and time management as applicable skills gained from thecontest. Respondent 1, 2, and 3 all mention gaining practice in presenting their research toothers, through the proposal and the pitch. Respondents 3 and 5 talk about being able to developtheir ideas, both through iteration and through research. This aligns with our plan for the contesttimeline to be an entire semester, rather than a compressed hackathon. These students indicatethat researching and writing proposals is useful practice as a professional skill. Perhaps evenmore inspiring is that Hack Dibner seemed to spark true commitment and enjoyment in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald F. DeMara P.E., University of Central Florida; Laurie O. Campbell, University of Central Florida; Richard Hartshorne, University of Central Florida; Melissa A. Dagley, University of Central Florida; Sam Spiegel, Colorado School of Mines; Tian Tian, University of Central Florida; Zhongzhou Chen, University of Central Florida; Julie Donnelly, University of Central Florida; Adrian Tatulian, University of Central Florida; Florencio Eloy Hernandez, University of Central Florida; Shadi Sheikhfaal, University of Central Florida; Hossein Pourmeidani, University of Central Florida; Hans Esteves, University of Central Florida

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Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

content. Further, an increase inproficiency in multidisciplinary design teams was sought by immersing students in alternateproblem-solving strategies of their peers, while simultaneously encouraging the development ofteam interaction and other soft skills. The primary objective of DMTL is to provide students andinstructors with an effective technological and pedagogical framework for use during large groupinstructional sessions. In addition to the benefits to the learner, DMTL provides the instructorwith a dynamic view of the learning process, student conceptualizations of content, andchallenges associated with specific topics. This information allows the instructor to intervene andreiterate, elaborate, and reinforce concepts that require

Conference Session

Innovation in Engineering Leadership Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cindy Rottmann, University of Toronto; Robin Sacks, University of Toronto; Mike Klassen, Institute for Leadership Education in Engineering, University of Toronto; Doug Reeve, University of Toronto

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Program Development & Desired Outcomes

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sergio William Sedas, Tecnológico de Monterrey

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

2012, the Entrepreneurship Institute at Tecnológico de Monterrey launched a process tostudy and identify the skills and characteristics that we as an institution must help develop inour students so that they graduate with what we call a strong entrepreneurship spirit. Thisspirit will drive and enable students to launch new projects, programs and initiatives in theirown companies, in the organizations they work for and in their communities.The study identified specific soft skills and characteristics that will be developed in threephases. During the first three semesters of his undergraduate program, a student will increaseresiliency and self-confidence and develop a sense of purpose. Throughout semesters four tosix, the student will develop

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dan Budny P.E., University of Pittsburgh; Sina Arjmand, University of Pittsburgh; David V.P. Sanchez, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

based coursework adds to the students experience. Students who are involved in projects have the chance togain experience and develop their soft skills while actively engaged in hands on CivilEngineering learning. Projects can bring different learning styles into one place so that studentscan have the opportunity to learn the material to a depth that is difficult to attain in a typicalcourse. Students can develop their personal skills such as critical thinking, project managementskills, and improve self-confidence. Engineers in real world projects have to work in teams andtherefore a project based course help students to practice teamwork, and to develop effectivecommunication skills. These projects demand that the students communicate within

Conference Session

Beyond the Classroom

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Charles Streiner, University of Pittsburgh; Erin McCave, Clemson University; Svetlana V. Levonisova, University of Southern California; Rachel Elizabeth Savage; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Lisa Benson, Clemson University; Cheryl Matherly, The University of Tulsa; Larry J. Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Mauro Rodriguez Jr, California Institute of Technology; Karen Mariela Siles, IBM Corporation; Dora Louise Renaud, Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

promoting recruitment/retention of members, promote a solid foundation for the chapter itself in terms of funding, chapter's presence and/or influence in the local community, and a unified membership. • Leadership Development: Activities geared towards developing leadership skills of members, ensuring a solid foundation of leaders within the executive board and the successful transition of officers. • Outreach & Community Service: Activities specifically promoting STEM awareness in the K12 community and/or supporting the local community. • Professional Development: Activities geared at the soft skills and/or technical skill breadth development of the members' current workforce competencies. • Student/Professional Chapter Interaction

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 6: Equity, Inclusion, and Access

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Hicks, Texas A&M University, Kingsville ; Michael Preuss, Exquiri Consulting, LLC; Matthew Lucian Alexander P.E., Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Rajashekar Reddy Mogiligidda, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Mahesh Hosur, Texas A&M University, Kingsville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

potential for improving learningoutcomes for diverse students by helping them connect theoretical concepts with practicalengineering applications [28]. When utilized in introductory level engineering courses, project-based learning has been shown to be beneficial for student performance in subsequentengineering courses [28]. The social component of project-based learning has also beenobserved to be an effective tool in helping students develop and refine soft skills such ascommunication, collaboration, creativity, and critical thinking that will be very important to theirfuture success in a career [3].Assessment MethodsPre- and Post-Participation SurveysPre- and post-participation surveys were developed by the project’s evaluator based

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jae Hoon Lim, University of North Carolina; Jerry Lynn Dahlberg Jr, University of Tennessee, Space Institute; Terry L. Miller, Alabama A&M University; Corion Jeremiah Holloman, Alabama A&M University; Luke Childrey V, Alabama A&M University; Mohamed Jamil Barrie, Alabama A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

make sure that I'm leading a great example.The three participants shared many stories testifying to their resilience and persistence in the faceof many personal and academic challenges, some of which were even beyond their control.However, they kept a growth mindset while dealing with those challenges, endured times ofuncertainty and turbulence, and maintained hope and faith. They depended on their intellectualastute and bicultural adaptability and utilized pragmatic and creative problem-solving skills andother soft skills, which are often considered as lacking among typical engineering students. Mostimportantly, they showed an unwavering commitment to their engineering career andprofessional success. For example, Calvin admitted that he had a

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED) Technical Session 3

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ying Lyu, Beihang University; Chuantao Yin, Beihang University; Qing Lei, Beihang University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division (CEED)

andsolve complex engineering problems. Although training in these skills was part of theircurriculum, some reported they did not fully appreciate the value of these ‘soft skills’ courses,often deeming them marginal, or more often than not, lacking in the Chinese engineeringeducation curriculum(Yuan & Lei, 2023). Internship experience has helped students to makesense of the importance of generic competencies, as indicated by one student who reflectedon how he came to realize the importance of communication: Communication was one of the things I learned. My mentor said something that left me with a very deep impression. He said that no matter whether you're providing a service or a product, you're essentially communicating with people

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in ET Programs II

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue University ; Dyane Roesel, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

and effective assessment methods are crucial forstudents to understand their progress and areas for improvement. They appreciate a learningenvironment that offers constructive feedback and fair evaluations.Individual perspectives can vary widely, and not all engineering technology students will sharethe same views. Additionally, the specific program, institution, and cultural context can influencehow students perceive their learning environment.Engineering Technology FacultyEngineering technology faculty members typically believe that students need a combination oftechnical knowledge, practical skills, critical thinking abilities, and soft skills to succeed in theirchosen field [35]. Here are some common beliefs and priorities that

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 6: Equity, Inclusion, and Access

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sonia Travaglini, Stanford University; Aya Mouallem, Stanford University; Sheri D. Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs Division (FYP)

. Theprogram serves marginalized and non-traditional students, at an education stage of pre-college,as well as Freshman, Junior and Sophomore students enrolled in four-year engineering degrees.Applicants for the fellowship are generally pursuing engineering fields or tangential fields withheavy computational emphasis, such as statistics or bioinformatics. The program focuses onsupplementing students who are transitioning into higher education with the soft skills,networking opportunities, shadowing experiences, and community bonds necessary tosuccessfully launch a career in technology.Communications, application and admissions process designThe LebNet Tech Fellows program is advertised by the communications team through themonthly LebNet Tech Fellows

Conference Session

Track 8: Technical Session 2: Adapting the Gender Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) to Engineering: A Digital Tool to Aid Inclusive Design

Collection

2024 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Audrey Anne Blanchet, Université de Sherbrooke; Nathalie Roy, Université de Sherbrooke

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

and building applicableknowledge around [EDI]. [Their] approach supports instructors in reimagining their pedagogy toimprove student teams’ abilities to work together in more effective, equitable, and engagingways.”Secondly, some strategies intend to develop soft skills related to EDI such as communication,leadership and teamwork that enhance students’ ability to interact in a diverse work context. Forexample, “the OPSIDIAN training program [24] provides trainees with the Power Skills neededto integrate interdisciplinarity and diversity for creative sciences and engineering research teams.Power skills include diversity- and interdisciplinary-driven communication, teamwork, andleadership’’.Thirdly, some strategies are integrating EDI into

Conference Session

Engineering Empowered Communities: Place-Based Community Engaged Learning

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Micaha Dean Hughes, North Carolina State University; Aaron Arenas, North Carolina State University; Latricia Walker Townsend, North Carolina State University; Tameshia Ballard Baldwin, North Carolina State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division (COMMENG)

partnerships fall into each of the content areas, allowing students to makeclear connections between professional opportunities within their community and the informationpresented in class. The project-based course content offers opportunities for students to engage ingrowing soft skills like critical thinking and collaboration, as well as technical skills with tasks suchas building circuits and learning computer coding. Students in the program have participated inindustry and university tours, and also receive mentoring from engineering college-aged students whocome to their school during the DeSIRE class period. Lastly, a subset of interested students may optto participate in a university-sponsored STEM program which offers recurring

Conference Session

Track 1: Technical Session 5: Motivations for Engineering Faculty Engagement in an Inclusive Pedagogy Program

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Renee M. Desing, University of Washington; Joyce Yen, University of Washington; Karen Thomas-Brown, University of Washington

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

skills, suchas giving presentations, while Jacob has a desire to learn how to fairly grade students in his lab-based class that work independently rather than as a group, noting that historically students thatwork independently receive a lower grade. I think what really excites me, going back to your original question, is trying to incorporate not only the didactic, like teaching fundamental ideas, but then also teaching them kind of the soft skills required in academic science. It's actually really intimidating, for example, to give a poster presentation or talk in a good way, and so trying to help them with those things and incorporate that into the curriculum would be really cool. That excites me to allow

Conference Session

Edifying Engineering Education through Multidisciplinary Efforts

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Behnaam Aazhang, Rice University; Randal T. Abler, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jan P. Allebach, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); L. Franklin Bost, Virginia Commonwealth University; Joseph R. Cavallaro, Rice University; Edwin K. P. Chong Ph.D., Colorado State University; Edward J. Coyle, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jocelyn B. S. Cullers, Boise State University; Sonya M. Dennis, Morehouse College; Yingfei Dong, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa; Prasad N. Enjeti, Texas A&M University; Afroditi V. Filippas, Virginia Commonwealth University; Jeffrey E. Froyd, Texas A&M University; David Garmire, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa; Jay George; Brian E. Gilchrist, University of Michigan; Gail S. Hohner, University of Michigan; William L. Hughes, Boise State University; Amos Johnson, Morehouse College; Charles Kim, Howard University; Hale Kim, INHA University; Robert H. Klenke, Virginia Commonwealth University; Magdalini Z. Lagoudas, Texas A&M University; Donna C. Llewellyn, Boise State University; Yung-Hsiang Lu, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Kevin James Lybarger, University of Washington; Stephen Marshall P.E., University of Strathclyde; Subra Muralidharan, University of California, Davis; Aaron T. Ohta, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa; Francisco Raul Ortega, Florida International University; Eve A. Riskin, University of Washington; David M. Rizzo; Candace Renee Ryder, Colorado State Univerisity; Wayne A. Shiroma, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa; Thomas J. Siller, Colorado State University; J. Sonnenberg-Klein, Georgia Institute of Technology; Seyed Masoud Sadjadi, Florida International University; Scott Munro Strachan, University of Strathclyde; Mohsen Taheri, Florida International University; Gary L. Woods, Rice University Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Brian C. Fabien, University of Washington; Phiilp Johnson, University of Hawaii at Manoa; Robert Collins, Univesrity of Strathclyde at Georgia Tech; Paul Murray

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 6

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Ann Weitnauer; Jacqueline Rohde, Georgia Institute of Technology; Thomas Martin, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

Conference Session

Inclusive Leadership: A Panel Discussion

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Lewis Caulfield; Daniel Ivan Castaneda, James Madison University; Melissa Wood Aleman, James Madison University; Robert L. Nagel, James Madison University & Carthage College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division (LEAD)

Collection

2022 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Tina Powell, The Orange Public Schools; Devonii L Reid

Tagged Topics

Diversity

approach in Grades 9-12 whileemphasizing the “soft-skills” necessary for today’s workplace–collaboration, communication, creativity,problem-solving, and perseverance. Founders of the Academy saw PBL as a dynamic approach to teaching.Within this type of active and engaged learning space, students are inspired to obtain a deeperunderstanding of the subjects they're studying as teachers are providing the scaffolds necessary to helpcraft the experiences.Figure 1: Design Thinking Model #1Image credit: Beth Holland courtesy of Stanford-School In the Summer of 2017 and prior to enrolling students, the Academy contracted with an entitywell known and highly regarded for its implementation of PBL designs and trained its founding body ofteachers on

Conference Session

What Are Crucial Barriers and Opportunities to Bring Our Whole Selves to Engineering Education? Moving Watermelons Together

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder; Jon A. Leydens, Colorado School of Mines; Ann D. Christy P.E., The Ohio State University; Marybeth Lima P.E., Louisiana State University and A&M College; Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University; Julia D. Thompson, University of San Francisco

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

Conference Session

The Best in DEED

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gina M Quan, University of Maryland, College Park; Chandra Anne Turpen, University of Maryland, College Park; Ayush Gupta, University of Maryland, College Park; Emilia Dewi Tanu, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

paper describes the embodiment of these goals byhighlighting several key features of the seminar. We conduct quantitative and qualitative analysisof several data sources (surveys, instructor reflections, field notes, and coursework) to assess theextent to which the embodiment of our values helped us meet our goals. Finally, we describechallenges and identify areas where we were not meeting our goals and describe some of theaspects of the seminar that we plan to revise in the next iteration.IntroductionEngineering education research has increasingly focused on the learning and teaching ofdesign,​1-7​ including design thinking and associated “soft” skills such as communication andteamwork. Another trend is the growing number of schools of

Conference Session

Studies in Engineering Design

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jackson Lyall Autrey, University of Oklahoma; Shalaka Subhash Ghaisas, University of Oklahoma; Xun Ge, University of Oklahoma; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Farrokh Mistree, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Conference Session

Making, Hacking, and Extracurricular Design

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyle Dukart, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Skills The Enhancement of Soft Skills 6 4 2 The Strengthening of Problem- 8 4 4 Solving Skills Perceptions of Gain in Student Group and Peer Affinity 9 5 4 Engagement Professional and Disciplinary 10 6 4 Affiliation Community Involvement and 5 3 2 Spirit Perceptions in Gain in Self- Social Confidence 8 4 4 Efficacy Technical Confidence

Conference Session

Undergraduate Peer Educators: Mentoring, Observing, Learning

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chandra Anne Turpen, University of Maryland, College Park; Ayush Gupta, University of Maryland, College Park; Jennifer Radoff, University of Maryland, College Park; Andrew Elby, University of Maryland, College Park; Hannah Sabo; Gina Marie Quan, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Topics

ASEE Board of Directors, Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

private profit-oriented organizations and on industrial,commercial, and military problems.” (Riley, p. 40), (5) Narrow Technical Focus/Lack of Otherskills, and (6) Uncritical Acceptance of Authority. These mindsets characterize part of thebroader culture of engineering and manifest themselves in the ways that engineering work isorganized: from the reduction of a complex project into a set of smaller components, valuingaccountability of work and success on project components, often hierarchical organization inteams, valuing technical skills over “soft” skills such as collaboration and communication, andthe devaluing of engineering work focused on social welfare

Conference Session

Pedagogies of Making and Design

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geetanjali R. Date, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Sanjay Chandrasekharan, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

courses in Sustainability, Humanitiesand Social Sciences, Ethics, as well as soft skills such as writing, communication and teamwork.7,8,9 Strategies for pedagogical reforms included cornerstone and capstone courses, projectand problem-based learning, active participatory learning opportunities, instructionallaboratories, learning a second language, and foreign country internships.10,11,12,13Nevertheless, most engineering education programs continue to emphasize the technical aspects,while the social and environmental aspects remain externalized.14 Barbara Olds15 notes that “theeducation of science and engineering students has for too long been merely “technical”, oftenneglecting human complexity in order to achieve quantifiable correctness

Conference Session

Retention

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Niranjan Hemant Desai, Purdue University Northwest; George Stefanek, Purdue University Northwest

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jelena Trajkovic, California State University, Long Beach ; Lisa M Martin-Hansen, California State University, Long Beach; Anna Bargagliotti, Loyola Marymount University; Christine Alvarado, University of California, San Diego; Cassandra M Guarino, University of California, Riverside; Janel Ancayan, California State University, Long Beach; Joseph Alex Chorbajian, California State University, Long Beach; Kent Vi, California State University, Long Beach

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

has been known to significantly increase success, retention, and graduationrates. We noticed the differences in the level of preparedness and its influence on the student’sperception of their journey. We also explored the influence of soft skills, outlook, scholarlyattributes, and support on the perception of the journey through the program. Although ourparticipants have reported that they did not perceive any overt sexism or racism, we present thefindings correlated with gender and race/ethnicity.Our future work will include fine-tuning the protocol to explore intersectionality and reflect uponthe situations where the students might feel minoritized. Additionally, the students in the futurestudy will be purposefully selected to examine

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 13

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marjan Naghshbandi, University of Toronto; Sharon Ferguson, University of Toronto; Alison Olechowski, University of Toronto

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

Conference Session

Broader Approaches to Engineering Ethics Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyle Payne, Collins Engineers

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS)

educate a non-engineer city councilmember,Tom related a roadway construction technique to how the leader might treat a potted plant.Participants also described helping a leader develop soft skills, such as communicating about asensitive issue or resolving a conflict. Penelope emphasized that approaching a leader to educatethem rather than to negotiate or refuse can help “defuse” the situation and “leave people in anhonorable way.” Negotiating refers to the ethical follower working with the leader to find a suitablecompromise that serves the leader’s interests and the ethical follower’s interests. In Tom’s case,he was asked to sign and seal a design for a 225-ft water tower that originally provided anelevator for technicians to use but that