Asee peer logo
Displaying results 421 - 450 of 7573 in total
Conference Session
First-year Programs: Retention and Bridge Programs #1
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Jeremiah Abiade, University of Illinois at Chicago; Joanne Moliski, University of Illinois at Chicago
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
Framework to Support Engineering Student SuccessMotivationThis work in progress describes a program recently implemented at our institution to proactivelyprepare students to deal with poor mental health, periods of intense stress, and mental andemotional disorders (MED) generally. In a review of 11 articles, Storrie et. al. determined thatthe number of students with documented MEDs is increasing dramatically [1]. Approximatelyhalf of the students involved in the various studies reported that their MED started after theybegan their undergraduate studies [1]. At our institution we are seeing dramatic increases in thedemand for counseling services. A related concern is the prediction of an impending enrollmentcrisis in
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 8 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Lisa Lim, Pennsylvania State University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
and research. Students are invited to our Interview weekend where we get to know them better. Once excepted, our bridge program is required for them the summer prior to starting their first semester.- Founded in 2013 with Cohort 1- For in state students, they receive a scholarship covering full tuition, room and board. For out of state students, they receive a scholarship of full tuition. We also try to fund conference travelling and research stipends.- Replication program initially funded by Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and based off of the Meyerhoff Scholars Program at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County- The first requirement of MSP is to complete the 6-week Summer Bridge Program. This is one of the adapted
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 2 Technical Session 4
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Courtney Zongrone, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Cassandra J. McCall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Ashley Shew, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Denise Rutledge Simmons P.E., University of Florida; Lisa D. McNair, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
participationof this group in engineering, researchers identify a variety of factors that have kept people withdisabilities at the margins of the field. Such factors include the underrepresentation of disabledindividuals within research and industry [1]; systemic and personal barriers [2], [3], andsociocultural expectations within and beyond engineering education-related contexts [4]. Thesefindings provide a foundational understanding of the external and environmental influences thatcan shape how students with disabilities experience higher education, develop a sense ofbelonging, and ultimately form professional identities as engineers [4]–[7].Prior work examining the intersections of disability identity and professional identity is slowlyemerging [1
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 4 Technical Session 4
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Memoria Elizabeth Matters, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Andrew O. Brightman, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Patrice Marie Buzzanell, University of South Florida
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
organized around the reasoned action model. The major themes revealed that many faculty do not see involvement with diversity and inclusion as a norm in the department, and do not recognize their power to influence these issues. Our conclusions provide recommendations for engineering departments to meaningfully involve their faculty in improving diversity and inclusion.IntroductionIn 2012, a report from the American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE) titled“Innovation with Impact” called out the gap between engineering education research andeducational practice in engineering schools [1]. The report stressed a need for engineeringschools’ faculty and administration to be actively involved in a cycle of research
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 3 Slot 6 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Katreena Thomas, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Brooke Charae Coley, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Michael Lorenzo Greene, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Jeremi S. London, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
, as a Black woman, I feel as though my support system, you got to seek a support system, but when it's there, it's there for you. Especially the strong Black women around you. Like the little things that [the counterspace] has done for me to help me excel, in order for me to be this person that I am today. I'm forever indebted. -CharismaIntroduction. Despite an increasing interest in diversity and inclusion in engineering, there hasbeen a stagnant trend in the enrollment of Black graduate students while students from otherracial minority groups have shown a steady increase over the last decade [1]. Where it mightseem that more studies would seek to
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 2 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Leroy L. Long III, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach; Sharnnia Artis, University of California, Irvine; Morris Council III, University of West Georgia
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
, and service are conducted through a paradigm of equity and access. His research agenda includes two foci: (1) instructional interventions for improving academic outcomes for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) individuals diagnosed with high incidence disabilities; and (2) student-athlete academic achievement. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 1 Black Unicorns: STEM Access for Black Student-Athletes in Non-Revenue SportsAbstractThere is a shortage of literature investigating access to science, technology, engineering, andmath (STEM) for Black
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 7 Technical Session 2
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Julia M. Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Cara Margherio, University of Washington; Kerice Doten-Snitker, University of Washington; Sriram Mohan, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Eva Andrijcic, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 4 Slot 1 Technical Session 2
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Amy Rachel Betz, Kansas State University; Craig Wanklyn P.E., Kansas State University; LaVerne Bitsie-Baldwin, Kansas State University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
ofEngineering in 2018.The Summit/Town Hall originally had three major goals: 1. Engage all engineering students in the college in discussions on diversity and inclusion. 2. Promote diversity and inclusion among students, staff, and faculty. 3. Increase the sense of belonging and engagement of underrepresented students.BackgroundAs previously mentioned, the first summit was precipitated by ongoing national, local, and on-campus events. The movement and need for the event were articulated by student leaders in thecollege. Based on the voiced concerns, the deans of the college recommended a town hall/summit-type event. While the college has good programmatic activity to support students, evidence hasshown both programmatic activity and events impact
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 5 Technical Session 3
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Jerry Austin Yang, University of Texas at Austin; Audrey Boklage, University of Texas at Austin; Maximilan Kolbe Sherard, University of Texas at Austin; Christine Julien, University of Texas at Austin; Maura J. Borrego, University of Texas at Austin
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
LGBTQ+engineering students as well as students with other minority or underrepresented identities. Manyof these programs include providing shared spaces for students to inhabit and interact with eachother, such as multicultural engagement centers, department-sponsored minority studentorganizations, and gender and sexuality centers. These spaces present an interesting physicallocale and cultural context to explore the experiences of LGBTQ+ engineering students, as theyare inherently intended to make engineering feel more inclusive for LGBTQ+ engineeringstudents. This study, part of a broader project on the experiences of LGBTQ+ engineering studentsmore generally, attempts to answer the following research questions: 1. How do LGBTQ
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 5 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Claudio Freitas, Purdue University; Jennifer Deboer, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
international education systems, individual and social development, technology use and STEM learning, and educational environments for diverse learners. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2021 Empowering displaced students through a local community-centered engineering education frameworkIntroduction There are many opportunities to use engineering skills to improve living conditions indisplacement [1]–[5]. However, displaced populations are often overlooked as potentialengineers for their community. In a time where the global policy arena is discussing strategies tofoster self-reliance by helping them to become part of the solution [6], the
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 3 Technical Session 2
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Christina Viau Haden, Lehigh University; Marci J. Levine, Lehigh University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
sustainability. ● ● ● ● ● ● 3https://studentaffairs.lehigh.edu/content/prelusion This is a clip from our website describing the Lehigh preLUsion experience. Here we see a group of preLUsion mentors and it reads “Can’t wait to get your Lehigh career started? Be a part of preLUsion!” A few key points are that 1. This is a pre-orientation, 3
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 1 Technical Session 4
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Anthony W. Dean, Old Dominion University; Kim Bullington Sibson, Old Dominion University; Cynthia Tomovic, Old Dominion University; Vukica M. Jovanovic, Old Dominion University; Rafael E. Landaeta, Old Dominion University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
technology, computer engineering technology, electricalengineering technology, and mechanical engineering technology. It has approximately 2,400undergraduate students.The ODU Pathways to Completion project is designed to provide students with the necessaryacademic and mentoring tools to increase their preparation to enter the STEM workforce. III. CHALLENGES FOR A STEM-READY WORKFORCESince 1990, the STEM workforce has grown almost 80%, to 17.3 million [1] and it continues togrow. Projections from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics [2] forecast STEM jobs will grow to10.8% by 2024. The U.S. struggles to graduate enough STEM-ready workers to meet thedemand. In fact, the U.S. has long looked internationally to decrease the gap of
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 4 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Kristina Rigden, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
about the Innovative Coding curriculum. Overview of the Study STEM jobs are increasing and the US workforce will need more STEM workers in thefuture [1], [2]. “STEM occupations include computer scientists and mathematicians; engineers andarchitects; life, physical, and social scientists; medical professionals; and managers of STEMactivities” [3]. According to ISACA, the United States will need 1.4 million workers in computer-related fields in 2020 and the U.S. will only be able to fill 29% of those jobs [4]. With the increaseof STEM workers, research has shown that men outnumber women in the STEM field. Accordingto the National Center for Education Statistics, 36% of STEM bachelor degrees were
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 7 Technical Session 4
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
David B. Knight, Virginia Tech; Jacob R. Grohs, Virginia Tech; Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Tech; Isabel S Bradburn, Virginia Tech; Cheryl Carrico P.E., E4S, LLC; Kai Jun Chew, Virginia Tech; Michelle D. Klopfer, Virginia Tech
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
342,223 49.9% Female 343,206 50.1% URM Status1 URM 239,487 34.9% Non-URM 445,942 65.1% Economic Status Economically Disadvantaged 191,654 28.0% Not economically Disadvantaged 493,775 72.0%1 Includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Black, Hispanic, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and Non-Hispanic two or more races.2 Eligible for free/reduced meals, receives Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), eligible for Medicaid, identified as migrant, or experienced homelessness
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 2 Slot 6 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Rebecca Brent, Education Designs, Inc; Keith A. Schimmel P.E., North Carolina A&T State University; Marcia Gumpertz, North Carolina State University at Raleigh
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
Underrepresented Minority Doctoral Students? Are They Doing Enough?IntroductionFor many years there has been concern about the status of underrepresented minorities (URMs)in graduate education and their underrepresentation in the professoriate. More than 30 years ago,broadening the participation of URMs in STEM fields was made a national priority [1]. Still theunderrepresentation has persisted, aided in part by obstacles at every level of higher education[2]. Numerous attempts have been made to address the concerns, including efforts to improvementoring practices [3] [4] [5].There are many resources on effective mentoring and specifically effective mentoring of studentsacross differing races and ethnicities. One particularly helpful
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 8 Technical Session 3
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Julie P. Martin, Clemson University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 3 Slot 4 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Andrea Haverkamp, Oregon State University; Michelle Kay Bothwell, Oregon State University; Devlin Montfort, Oregon State University; Qwo-Li Driskill, Oregon State University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
relevant due to thepersistence of the field’s domination by men and masculinity. Mainstream discourseon gender in STEM, however, has been kept in a “black box” for decades according toAllison Phipps [1]. She states that the reliance on a simplistic gender binaryunaccompanied by racial, cultural, or sexual identity nuances may be undermining itsown political aims of gender equity. One large gap in our existing body of genderresearch and discourse is how the highly gendered landscape of engineeringeducation is experienced by those who are transgender or gender nonconforming(TGNC).[1] A. Phipps. (2007). Re-inscibing gender binaries: Deconstructing the dominantdiscourse around women’s equality in science, engineering, and technology, TheSociological
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 3 Technical Session 4
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Leisa D. Thompson, University of Virginia; Zhen Wu
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
implementing our systemic change strategies, the greater the progress in womendeclared majors and graduates with bachelor’s degrees in computing. While the results in thispaper focus on computing departments, the recruitment and retention recommendations areapplicable to engineering and other STEM disciplines where women are severelyunderrepresented.IntroductionThe Extension Services for Undergraduate Program (ES-UP) at the National Center for Women& Information Technology (NCWIT), promotes systemic reform in computing and engineeringdisciplines where women are severely underrepresented. Guiding our work are a wide range ofempirically-supported social theories, such as expectancy value [1], social learning [2], socialidentity [3] and stereotype
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 8 Technical Session 2
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Carmen M. Lilley, University of Illinois at Chicago
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
leadership skills by undergraduate engineering students is keyto a successful long-term career and has been highlighted by both the profession, academia andgovernment funding agencies as a critical need [1]. Increasing diversity and inclusion inleadership is also critical for technology companies as they become global enterprises [2].Research on pre-college variables on leadership skills of undergraduate engineering studentsfound that co-curricular experiences result in team-based leadership skill experiences forstudents. Underrepresented Minority (URM) students that participated in URM organizationsexpressed greater leadership skill development. However, “students’ precollege characteristicsand experiences have minimal contribution to students
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 4 Technical Session 3
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Bala Ram P.E., North Carolina A&T State University; Marcia F Williams, North Carolina A&T State University; Tonya Lynette Smith-Jackson, North Carolina A&T State University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
the inherent nature of computational modeling.1.0 importance of undergraduate research for diverse students:Table 1 presents data from American Society of Engineering Education’s annual reporton engineering education data for 2018 from U.S. institutions. Tables 1(a) - (d) presentthe 10-year trend of B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. graduates, and tenured and tenured faculty.There have been several initiatives, both sponsored and unsponsored, that have had thegoal of addressing diversity and inclusion in various facets of engineering education.The data in these tables for the two largest underrepresented groups: African-Americansand Hispanics is revealing. As a percentage, the range of degrees awarded inengineering at the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. levels has
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 3 Slot 8 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Jill Davishahl, Western Washington University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 3 Slot 1 Technical Session 3
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Casey Lynn Haney, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Claudio Freitas, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Gregory John Gage, Backyard Brains; Jennifer Deboer, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
Introduction Technology tools used in education can positively affect student motivation [1]. Activelearning, often promoted by educational technology, has been shown to also have a significanteffect on both learning gains and self-efficacy for underrepresented minority students (URM) inSTEM [2], [3]. However, both new technologies and new teaching practices present uniquechallenges for implementation. Historically, teachers and students have faced many challenges ofimproving teaching and learning practices in diverse contexts [4]–[6]. Thus, we need tounderstand how teachers and students interact with technology and teaching practice to continueto adapt these tools to their needs and use them to benefit the self-beliefs of URM students
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 3 Slot 7 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Janet Y. Tsai, University of Colorado, Boulder; Beth A. Myers, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel A. Godrick, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, University of Colorado, Boulder
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
study. Further exploration of theseideas is warranted using qualitative methods and longitudinal studies.IntroductionStudent retention in engineering education is an important issue for a variety of reasons. Thecreative potential of engineering to benefit society is diminished when diverse students fail tograduate. This includes cognitive diversity as well as students with diverse interests, values, andexperiences, sometimes termed latent diversity. For example, Haemmerlie & Montgomery [1]found that male students with greater prudence and lower sociability had greater persistencefrom first to second year. In addition, all students should be provided equitable opportunity tosuccessfully earn engineering degrees. Equitable student outcomes
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 8 Technical Session 4
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Mauro Rodriguez Jr, California Institute of Technology; Indhira María Hasbún, Florida International University; Jose Luis Estrada, University of San Diego; Dora Louise Renaud
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
feasibility of the framework as aunified curriculum for both students and professionals and supplied valuable lessons learned forfuture NILA assessments.NomenclatureEFA Exploratory Factor AnalysisCCLP Certified Chapter Leaders ProgramNILA National Institute for Leadership AdvancementSHPE Society of Hispanic Professional EngineersSTEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics 11. Introduction Leadership studies have shown a direct connection between self-efficacy and leadershipeffectiveness, in which leaders adopt a self-confidence behavior to produce desired outcomes andinfluence others to accomplish a common goal [1]. Goals and self-efficacy have an
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 4 Slot 1 Technical Session 3
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Danyelle Tauryce Ireland, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Cindy Greenwood, University of Maryland, Baltimore County ; Erica L D'Eramo, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Katherine Bell O'Keefe
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
-College and Pre-Professional Supports:CWIT’s Bookend Approach to Inclusive Excellence in Undergraduate Tech Education Presented by: Danyelle Tauryce Ireland, Ph.D. Cindy Greenwood, M.Ed. Erica D’Eramo, M.A. Kate O’Keefe, M.S.Ed. 2 AGENDA 1. Introduction 2. Pre-College Programs a. Impact b. Lessons Learned 3. Pre-Professional Programs a. Impact b. Lessons Learned 4. Future Directions 5. Adapting the Model 6. Where to Start 7. Q&AThe Center for Women in Technology at the University of Maryland, Baltimore Countyhas a 21 year record of working to enable success
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 5 Technical Session 4
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Nadia N. Kellam, Arizona State University; Audrey Boklage, University of Texas at Austin; Brooke Charae Coley, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Yue Liu, Arizona State University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
There are pockets of success around the nation where makerspaces have successfully reached a more diverse population, than the trending white and male nature of these spaces… However, these spaces are the exception and not the norm. And, little research has been done on these spaces to document what is working, how or why [1, p. 40].IntroductionThe maker movement and resulting makerspaces have permeated informal and formal learningspaces over the past decade. However, little work has been done to deepen the understanding ofhow inclusive these makerspaces are for engineering students from underrepresented groups.These makerspaces, physical spaces where people work on and complete making-related projectsand activities
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 3 Slot 5 Technical Session 1
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Mayari Illarij Serrano Anazco, Purdue University at West Lafayette ; Suzanne Zurn-Birkhimer, Purdue University at West Lafayette ; Grace Gilan Kraus, Purdue University at West Lafayette
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
themes (conceding and advocating) and five categories(acknowledgement, avoidance, mood, direct, and indirect). Important differences between theapproach that graduate and undergraduate students used to address gender stereotyping and biaswere found. Results show that undergraduate student responses favored concede-avoidancestrategies while graduate student responses preferred advocating strategies. These results were notaffected by participants’ engineering major.IntroductionInnovation in science and technology is an integral part of the United States economy, and thescientific advances and technological novelty have a global impact [1]. However, concerns aboutthe ability of the country to maintain its role in science, technology, engineering
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 6 Technical Session 4
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Don Wittrock, University of Cincinnati CEAS Office of Inclusive Excellence and Community Engagement; Whitney Gaskins, University of Cincinnati; Jutshi Agarwal, University of Cincinnati; Gibin Raju, University of Cincinnati
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
in the course and may potentially help increase students’ STEM-related contentknowledge and skills.Introduction Many students are underprepared for college and a career, lacking postsecondary degreesor the required skills to enter the STEM workforce [1]. Students from historically underrepresentedgroups are least likely to have key transition knowledge and skills to go on to college and careers[2]. In some regions of the U.S., a postsecondary degree will be required for more than half offuture jobs [1]. If current trends continue, by 2025, there will be a 16 million college-educatedworker shortage in the U.S. [3]. Several studies [4], [5], [6] have focused on college and careerreadiness among underrepresented populations which include
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 2 Technical Session 2
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Lynn Mayo P.E., RePicture Engineering
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
TIDE: Why Women Leave Engineering”, 2011. (Table 2) 2There are so many things we can do as engineers – are 1 out of 10 women engineering graduates really not interestedin any of them? Or is part of the problem that they aren’t aware of all the wide-ranging opportunities, the societalcontributions available in engineering, and what they would actually be doing in different jobs? 3When discussing retaining female engineers, it’s also critical to talk about a female engineer’s first job. 40% of
Conference Session
CoNECD Session : Day 1 Slot 4 Technical Session 2
Collection
2021 CoNECD
Authors
Yousef Jalali, Virginia Tech ; Christian Matheis, Guilford College; Christine Tysor, Virginia Tech; Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity
authoridentified three different groups:1. Like-Minded who deny significant differences of opinion2. Triangulators who acknowledge the possibility of differences of opinion--- often not from significant issues3. Multiplisits who acknowledge expected and frequent differences of opinionCreamer (2004b) interpreted that all collaborative pairs experience differences of opinion,however they make different meaning of such process. Nevertheless, the participants all reflectedon different means and strategies to deal with conflicts and resolve them. Eventually, it appearedthat as a result of prolonged engagement and a high level of interaction between collaborators,differences of opinion are interpreted in constructive ways to the collaboration process.One