Conference Session

Connecting BME education to the "real world"

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony E. Felder, University of Illinois, Chicago; Miiri Kotche, University of Illinois, Chicago; Jennifer D. Olson, University of Illinois at Chicago; Janet Aderemi Omitoyin, University of Illinois at Chicago

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

: “​[t]here has not been any official training or demonstration of laboratory protocols atthis point.​” However, as time progressed, BEST Fellows increasingly agreed that their learning wasbeing adequately supported by their lab experience. For example, the same individual with thenegative experience in the second week reported that there was nothing that hindered his/herlearning in the sixth week. BEST Fellows also rated their experience in the Friday workshop positively. Moreover,Fellows were in agreement that working together during these workshops was helpful. Whenasked what aspects of the workshop promoted their learning, Fellows responded: “​[s]haring outexperiences and open group discussions​”, “​[t]he readings and paired

Conference Session

Information Literacy in First-year Courses and Co-curricular Experiences

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Catherine Woodworth Wong, Merrimack College; Cynthia Helen Carlson P.E., Merrimack College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

of quality and source of received support for student wellbeing,” Student Success, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 64–75, 2019, doi: 10.5204/ssj.v10i3.1407.[6] P. Pihkala, “Eco-anxiety, tradgedy, and hope: psychological and spiritual dimensions of climate change,” Zygon, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 545–569, 2018, doi: 10.1111/zygo.12400.[7] S. Every-Palmer, S. Mcbride, H. Berry, and D. B. Menkes, “Climate change and psychiatry,” Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 16–18, 2016, doi: 10.1177/0004867415615946.[8] K. Usher, J. Durkin, and N. Bhullar, “Eco-anxiety: How thinking about climate change- related environmental decline is affecting our mental health,” Int. J. Ment. Health Nurs., vol. 28, no. 6, pp

Conference Session

NSF Grantees: Student Development

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Carmen M. Lilley, University of Illinois at Chicago

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

expressed in this work are those of the author and do not necessarily representthose of the National Science Foundation.References[1] V. Hunt, S. Prince, S. Dixon-Fyle, and L. Yee, "Delivering through diversity," McKinsey & Company Report. Retrieved April, vol. 3, p. 2018, 2018.[2] ASEE, "Transforming Undergraduate Education in Engineering, Phase I: Synthesizing and Integration Industry Perspectives.," 2013.[3] J. L. Arminio et al., "Leadership experiences of students of color," NASPA journal, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 496-510, 2000.[4] C. R. Romano, "A qualitative study of women student leaders," Journal of College Student Development, 1996.[5] A. Kezar and D. Moriarty, "Expanding our understanding of

Conference Session

Innovations in Mechanical Engineering Experiments and Labs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Afshin Goharzadeh, The Petroleum Institute; Peter Rodgers, The Petroleum Institute; Christian Mandel, The Petroleum Institute

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

12.895.5velocity, Ujet, of 1 m/s. Jet details: Jet Qjet = 3.33x10-5 m3/s H Ujet = 1 m/s Reynolds number = 6612 Measurement field (a) Flow field region under analysis. 0 0.1 m/s

Conference Session

Sustainability and Environmental Issues

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

P. Paxton Marshall, University of Virginia; Farhad Omar, University of Virginia; Alexander Hydrogen Martin, University of Virginia; James Durand, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Figure 6 – Air-X power output graph [13] The national oceanic and atmospheric administration (NOAA) collects andmonitors the wind speed every six minutes throughout the year in Money Point [2]. Inorder to properly analyze the wind speed, we determined the portion of the month windspeeds were above 3.2 meters per second (the lower speeds do not contribute any output)and the average of those speeds (see Table 2), we determined an average speed of 4.5m/soccurring 35% of the time (10.5 days/month). From Figure 1, an Air-X 400 Watt windturbine would generate 20 watts of instantaneous power with a 4.5 m/s wind, providingan average daily energy output of 168 watt-hr. YearMonth 2006

Conference Session

ECE Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kedmon Hungwe, Michigan Technological University; Seyed Zekavat, Michigan Technological University; Glen Archer, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

2 Male FemaleBasic digital systemsWomen with research experience background rated both Combinatorial Logic and SynchronousLogic marginally higher than those who did not except for women faculty who rated the topics lower. Page 11.664.9The results for males were the opposite, that is, research experience was associated with lower ratingsfor males (see Figure 5). F ig u re 5 : R e sp o n d e n ts w ith re se a rc h e x p e rie n c e : S y n ch ro n o u s L o g ic 2 .5

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education (DEED) Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cyrus Habibi P.E., Minnesota State University, Mankato; Ronald R Ulseth, Iron Range Engineering ; Michael Richard Carlson

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

graduate a student is required tocomplete each aspect of the design process. Table 1 describes design components and projectassignments to be completed in a student’s junior or senior year. Each student must complete theindividual score card prior to the graduation. Page 23.397.4Table1. Individual Design Score Card (S: Senior, J: Junior) Design Components Year First Second Third Fourth Semester Semester Semester Semester Scoping I J Scoping II S Background Survey I J Background Survey

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Laboratory Systems

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Rita Oro; J Hines

. Thispredictive modeling exercise was a useful experience for the undergraduate designers.Future work with the user interface will include presenting the thermodynamic properties,processes, and cycles in the form of P-v, T-v, and T-s diagrams. This will visually allowthe students to recognize works being performed, heats being transferred, and other vitalfunctions of the refrigeration system.5. Conclusions:The air conditioner laboratory system described in this paper is a simple, real lifeapplication for demonstrating basic thermodynamics processes and principles. The dataand GUI is accessible over the web, which allows the system to be used for at homelaboratory experiments and classroom demonstrations. It was fairly inexpensive, ascompared to $25,000

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

James Globig

ScheduleMeeting Format Objective(s) SubjectNumber of class Addressed 1 Lecture 3, 7 Introduction to the Course; Introduction to LabVIEW, Loading software, Your First VIThe course begins by outlining the advantages and disadvantages of various levels ofprogramming languages are discussed beginning with assembly/machine language, to high-level languages, to graphical languages. LabVIEW is introduced, a simple VI is createdfor the class, then the advantages of the LabVIEW (graphical) language are discussed.The LabVIEW example is used to introduce its two windows: The Front Panel, which isthe human interface to controlling LabVIEW and the Diagram

Conference Session

Recruitment, Retention, and First-year Programs in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale Anthony Carnegie, Victoria University, Wellington; Craig A. Watterson, Victoria University, Wellington

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

, New Zealand. Itfaces challenges in attracting engineering students given the specialized nature of itsengineering offering (and poor student understanding of these specializations) and extremelystrong competition from New Zealand‟s two most established engineering universities, TheUniversity of Auckland and Canterbury University. Indeed, local secondary schoolengineering students have many decades of tradition of leaving the city, primarily forCanterbury in order to pursue their studies. This tradition is firmly in the mindset of parents,secondary school teachers and careers advisors.To help retain engineering students in the Wellington region, a partnership has been formedbetween VUW and the Wellington Institute of Technology (WelTec), the

Conference Session

New Research and Trends for Minorities in Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Presentacion Rivera-Reyes, Utah State University; Raymond Edward Boyles, Utah State University; Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

, in2000’s decade, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has developed a program tomotivate female high school students to pursue engineering [28]. However, these programs,although achieving relative success, involved students with a pre-existing interest in engineering-related careers. Also, these programs contained a very low part of female population of highschool in the U.S. [28].Similarly, the governments of other countries have recognized the importance of increasinginterest in the field of engineering and have developed policies to motivate women to work in thefield. For example, in March 2002, the Norwegian government passed legislation requiring that40 percent of the executive board of director members should be women by the year

Conference Session

Mechanical and Architectural Engineering Laboratories

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Toyama, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Reza Sadr, Texas A&M University at Qatar

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Setra pressure transducers. All flow loops wereconstructed using 2” PVC with the ability to connect pressure transducers and flow meters toLabview modules or multimeters. This setup is capable of producing stable volumetric flow ratesbetween 5-130 GPM with a maximum pressure of 45 PSI.The external flow equipment was primarily composed of an Engineering Laboratory Designwind tunnel with a working test section of 0.3x0.3x0.6m and a maximum linear free streamvelocity of approximately 7.2 m/s. For the purpose of the external flow experiment a cylinderwith a pressure tap on one face was mounted to a rotating damper actuator and allowed to rotatearound its axis. This allowed the pressure at any point along the surface of the cylinder to bemeasured

Conference Session

Computational Tools and Simulation III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Crown, University of Texas, Pan American; Arturo Fuentes, University of Texas, Pan American; Robert Jones, University of Texas, Pan American; Rajiv Nambiar, University of Texas, Pan American; Deborah Crown, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

development of achat-bot built on student’s questions and understandings and perceptions of course contentprovides the instructor with a unique look onto the minds of students. With the oversight anddirection of the instructor and with the aid of students a true content specific engineeringartificial intelligence may be created. Through this process we may better understand thecomplex learning process of our students. Page 15.181.12Bibliography1. S. Crown, "Using Web-Based Games to Enhance the Teaching of Engineering Graphics" Proceedings of theIASTED International Conference, Computers and Advanced Technology in Education. Philadelphia, PA. May1999

Conference Session

BME Assessment

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Lesley Hubbard; Peter Mente; Susan Blanchard

manyinstitutions that have benefited from The Whitaker Foundation’s industrial internshipprogram in biomedical engineering. This combination of internship opportunities forstudents offers a rich source of data for assessment of six of the BME program’soutcomes: 1.a, 1.e, 2.a, 2.b, 2.d, and 3.c.The relevant objectives (numbers) and associated outcomes (letters) that can be assessedwith data from student internships are given below. The numbers and letters inparentheses refer to ABET outcomes 3a-3k.1. To educate students to be successful in Biomedical Engineering by emphasizing engineering and biology as related to basic medical sciences and human health. After completing the B. S. in Biomedical Engineering, graduates will be

Conference Session

DEED Melange

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Libby Osgood P. Eng, Dalhousie University and University of Prince Edward Island; Clifton R Johnston P.Eng., Dalhousie University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. R., & Lee, H. S. (2010). Measuring engineering design self-efficacy. Journal of Engineering Education, 99(1), 71-79.6 Zoltowski, C. B., Oakes, W. C., & Cardella, M. E. (2012). Students’ ways of experiencing human-centered design. Journal of Engineering Education, 101(1), 28-59.7 Charyton, C. et al. (2011). Assessing creativity specific to engineering with the revised creative engineering design assessment. Journal of Engineering Education, 100(4), 778-799.8 Schilling, W. W. (2012). Effective assessment of engineering design in an exam environment. Proceedings from the 2012 ASEE Conference.9 Sobek, D. K. (2002). Preliminary Findings from Coding Student Design Journals. Proceedings from the 2002 ASEE Conference.10 Nesbit, S

Conference Session

Integrating Materials and Manufacturing

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Chrysanthe Demetry

these patterns into four dimensions, with twopossibilities in each dimension. Table 1 summarizes the four dimensions and provides someconcrete examples of how they manifest in learning preferences.Over the past several decades, many studies have shown that some MBTI types tend to strugglein or drop out of engineering programs more than others. These findings are most oftenexplained by mismatches between traditional teaching styles and the learning preferences ofmany of our students. In general, traditional engineering education is biased towards Introversion(I) over Extraversion (E), Intuition (N) over Sensing (S), Thinking (T) more than Feeling (F),and Judgment (J) over Perception (P).4,6,9 The S-N dimension is particularly influential

Conference Session

Assessment Issues II

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Ramon Vasquez; Anand Sharma

e S ys te m fo r E v a lu a tio n o f E d u c a tio n (S E E D ) A ssist in a ccre d ita tio n stra te gie s S ys t em for t h e D e p ts. E v a lu a t io n o f E d u ca t ion SEED R e p o s ito r y o f as s e ss m e n t s trat e gie s & to o ls C o o rd in a t e p r o

Conference Session

Assessment of Entrepreneurship Programs

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Mary Besterfield-Sacre; Larry Shuman; Bradley Golish; Phil Weilerstein; Harvey Wolfe

catalogue theseinstruments and methodologies used to assess and evaluate current and past E-teams,entrepreneurial programs and courses, the University of Pittsburgh in association with NCIIA isconducting an extensive survey of NCIIA funded projects. Principal investigators (PI) were askedabout their current assessment/evaluation practices, their future assessment needs, themethods/instruments they have employed, etc. Each PI was asked to submit copies of assessmentinstrument(s)/method(s) so that they could be accurately catalogued in the database. Anextensive literature and web-site review was also conducted to identify and classify otherassessment tools that might be useful to NCIIA participants.From the results of the survey, a web-based

Conference Session

Instrumentation Applications

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corey Jamail Davis; Wayland L. Hickman; Vassilios Tzouanas, University of Houston, Downtown

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

function model was developed. 0.71 ⋅ e −0.58⋅s G p ( s) = 4 ⋅ s +1 Page 25.388.5It is a typical first order plus dead-time process model.Proportional-Integral (PI) Controller TuningOnce the process model was developed, tuning parameters were calculated using a number ofmethods1 and the system performance was evaluated as shown in Fig. 6. This figure shows theresponse of the control system when a temperature setpoint change of 10F was

Conference Session

Computer and Informtion Technology-related Issues

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suranjan Panigrahi, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ken Burbank, Purdue University, Statewide Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

educating future professionals with engineering principles integrated with practical experience. Twelve programs in the United States offer four-year bachelor degrees in general Engineering Technology (1). General Engineering Technology degree programs offer an interdisciplinary platform. In addition, many discipline specific engineering technology degrees are offered at the bachelor‟s level. For example, ninety-four ABET accredited programs offer bachelor degrees in Electrical Engineering Technology in the U.S.A. Similarly, sixty-six and six ABET accredited bachelor degree programs are offered in Mechanical Engineering Technology and Industrial Engineering Technology in the United States, respectively (1). A graduate program in

Conference Session

Faculty Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela M. Shartrand, National Collegiate Inventors & Innovators Alliance (NCIIA); Ricardo Leon Gomez, National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance (NCIIA); Phil Weilerstein, National Collegiate Inventors & Innovators Alliance (NCIIA)

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

%   Page 25.190.8Figure 1 “Did you use the workshop information and ideas in your course(s)?”    How were workshop ideas and information used? Faculty who said they used workshop ideas andinformation were asked to indicate how. The response frequencies varied by workshop type and arelisted in Table 4. The conference workshop attendees reported adding new classroom activities(19 responses) and sharing workshop information/ideas with colleagues (11 responses) mostfrequently. Many participants also said they expected to use other ideas from these workshops intheir future teaching (18 responses). The curriculum design workshop was designed to help withcourse and program

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward F. Glynn P.E., Villanova University; Frank E. Falcone, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

to determine the oral presentation grade. Near the completion of the course, the attributes and characteristics sheets originally prepared and submitted by each student, but now including all of the comments from their group members evaluating the student‟s performance as PM, are complied and given back to the students. Therefore, at the conclusion of the course, students have a clear record of their individual performance as PMs as measured against their own initial list of the attributes and characteristics of a ‘good’ PM. This seems to be an extremely effective summary document as part of this approach to introducing, stressing and measuring project management performance.Student Reflections

Conference Session

Research Informing Teaching Practice I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Ameen Basim Al-Khafaji, College of Engineering at the University of Michigan; Martha Jane Neubauer, College of Engineering at the University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Total 248 (64%) 138 (36%) 386Figure 2 shows the population breakdown by major. Students could report multiple majors, thusthe total count here is greater than our population total. 70 60 50 Number of Students 40 30 20 10 0 om e Ch cal al r S er

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Jennie Si; Frank C. Hoppensteadt; Forouzan Golshani; Donald W. Collins; Christian Ringhofer; Kostas Tsakalis

schedulers3,4,5,6,7,8,19,21,22,23,26,41,42, and finally (level 4)the product release generator22. The long-range objective of this research is to assist FABManagers in maintaining a stable FAB with maximum utilization of resources and withminimum inventory in an acceptable time frame.Our research was based on past and existing multidisciplinary ASU/Intel team(s) andASU/Motorola team(s) organized through the SSERC working on operational methods forsemiconductor manufacturing. The ASU/Intel team(s) have been working on an Intel providedabstract problem of the FAB process and the ASU/Motorola team(s) have been working inseveral FABs solving multiple scale problems from the atomistic scale of Chemical VaporDeposition (CVD)2,44 to machine level controllers in diffusion and to

Conference Session

Project/Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Construction Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Raissa Seichi Marchiori, The University of Alabama; Siyuan Song, The University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

, comparative studies that assess theefficacy of various game-based learning tools could provide deeper insights into their respectiveimpacts on student learning and skills development. Investigating the long-term retention ofskills acquired through such interactive learning experiences could also offer significantcontributions to the field.References[1] Bidabadi, N. S., Isfahani, A. N., Rouhollahi, A., & Khalili, R. (2016). Effective teachingmethods in higher education: requirements and barriers. Journal of advances in medicaleducation & professionalism, 4(4), 170.[2] Cruz, M. L., Saunders-Smits, G. N., & Groen, P. (2020). Evaluation of competencymethods in engineering education: a systematic review. European Journal of

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 25

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miguel Alfonso Feijoo-Garcia, Purdue University ; Brittany Newell; Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University ; Mark Holstrom, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

factors overscientific or theoretical knowledge, implementing targeted interventions, thus adjusting theinstructional approach and refining the use of the tool. These efforts aim to strengthen theanalysis of the lesson design’s impact on learning outcomes and explore the potential integrationof emerging technologies for enhanced effectiveness in specific educational contexts.References [1] C. Vieira, R. Aguas, M. H. Goldstein, S. Purzer, and A. J. Magana, “Assessing the impact of an engineering design workshop on colombian engineering undergraduate students,” International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1972–1983, 2016. [2] M. A. Feij´oo-Garc´ıa., H. H. Ram´ırez-Ar´evalo., and P. G. Feij´oo-Garc´ıa., “Collaborative

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 25

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhammad Asghar, University of Cincinnati; Sheryl A. Sorby, University of Cincinnati; Clodagh Reid, Technological University of the Shannon; Gibin Raju, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

understanding of how the design problem-solving behaviors ofundergraduate engineering participants differ based on their levels of spatial ability while, whysuch differences exist and how they might affect their learning outcomes is yet to be known. Futureresearch provide us some insight into it.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis work was made possible by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF #2020785).Any opinions, findings, and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material arethose of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. 11REFERENCES 1. R. Gorska and S. Sorby, "Testing instruments for the

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 27

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aturika Bhatnagar, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Prateek Shekhar, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Jeffrey Stransky, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

sampling(KMO = 0.91) and sufficient factor correlations (χ2171 = 2562.3, p < 0.001). Phase 2 also showedsuitable results (KMO = 0.92) and (χ2171 = 2690.6, p < 0.05). Table 3. Cronbach Alpha’s Value for Both Study Phases. Phase 1 Phase 2 Cronbach’s alpha Cronbach’s alpha Searching (S) 0.78 0.80 Planning (P) 0.73 0.77 Managing (M) 0.77 0.82 4 Implementing People (IP

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Minju Kim, University of California, San Diego; Carolyn L Sandoval, University of California, San Diego; Josephine Relaford-Doyle, University of California, San Diego; Torus Washington II, University of California, San Diego; Saharnaz Baghdadchi, University of California, San Diego; Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego; Marko Lubarda, University of California, San Diego; Alex M. Phan, University of California, San Diego; Curt Schurgers, University of California, San Diego; Huihui Qi, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

engineeringfaculty at a research institution who collaborated on an NSF-funded research project aimed atstudying the impact of implementing oral exams in high enrollment courses. The primaryresearch questions were: How did the instructor’s perspectives and behaviors change as theyimplemented oral exams in their courses? How did the instructors act on a growth-orientedmindset?MethodsWe invited six teaching professors from the departments of Mechanical and AerospaceEngineering and Electrical Engineering to participate in the study. To protect the confidentialityof each individual, pseudonyms were used in lieu of using their full names in data analysis (SeeTable 1). Instructor Department Course(s) that implemented oral exams

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Loke, Nanyang Technological University; Jeffrey D Radloff, SUNY, Cortland; Ibrahim H. Yeter, Nanyang Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division (PCEE)

integration of AI tools into STEMpedagogy. This collaborative network among key stakeholders will serve to support equity andaccessibility in education and create a more inclusive learning environment for all futurelearners.AcknowledgmentThis material is based upon work supported by the AI.R-NISTH AI for Social Good ResearchGrant at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. Any opinions, findings, conclusions,or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarilyreflect the views of the AI.R program. We would like to acknowledge all the researchers, datacollectors, and students who participated in the study.ReferencesAbulibdeh, A., Zaidan, E., & Abulibdeh, R. (2024). Navigating the confluence of