Conference Session

Assessment of Engineering Leadership Skills

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Louis, Purdue University; Amadin Osagiede, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Catherine G. P. Berdanier, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Benjamin Ahn, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Karan Sharma, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

Engineering Education (ASEE)among others. In this study, a personal leadership profile instrument was tested that enablesstudents to compare their personalized engineering leadership score with data obtained from aprior study (N=753)1. This establishes a baseline of leadership skills in comparison to one’speers. This paper describes the development of a personalized leadership profile for students thatwould aid them in creating their own leadership plan by comparing their responses with thebaseline. The leadership profile helps to identify areas for improvement and providesrecommendations of relevant courses as a step towards improving upon them. Studentsempowered with the results of their profile could make informed decisions about future

Conference Session

Technical Session: Student Experience & Perspectives

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krista M. Kecskemety, Ohio State University; Andrew H. Theiss, Ohio State University; Rachel Louis Kajfez, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Student

. Page 26.667.4Phase 1 – PreparationPhase 1 of the project consisted of the initial preparation and planning for the grading training.This included finding representative technical writing samples, setting the baseline grades with agroup of faculty and senior TAs, and creating sample “marked up” graded examples.Phase 2 – Calibration Sessions and FeedbackPhase 2 of the project consisted of the initial training and calibration. This grading trainingoccurred as part of the annual required TA training sessions. In addition to requiring theattendance of the GTAs and UTAs responsible for grading writing assignments, the faculty ofthe program were also encouraged to attend and participate. This was aimed at providingconsistent exposure to the process

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reva E Johnson MS, Northwestern University; Robert A Linsenmeier, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

improve teaching by the graduateteaching assistants assigned to discussion section by facilitating the organization and planning. The discussion of problem solving in class yesterday was useful. (53 responses) 60% 40% 20% 0% Strongly Agree Not sure Disagree Strongly I missed agree disagree that class. It was interesting to see how other students approached the sludge problem. (59 responses) 60% 40% 20% 0% Strongly Agree No opinion Disagree

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles E. Baukal Jr. P.E., John Zink Co. LLC; Ted Song, John Brown University; Will C. Holmes, John Brown University; Kyle Andrew Crouse, John Brown University; Zachary Jordan Lee, John Brown University; Cameron Drax Geiger, John Brown University

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

B.S. in Engineer- ing with a Concentration in Mechanical Engineering and an Enhancement in Renewable Energy. He is the Vice President of Activities for JBU’s IEEE student branch, and plans to pursue graduate work in Leadership Studies. Page 26.954.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Industrial Advisory Board Open ForumAbstractJohn Brown University (JBU) uses its engineering industrial advisory board in a unique fashionwhich is helpful for its students, fun for the board members, and useful for the faculty anduniversity. During one of its

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Polly R. Piergiovanni, Lafayette College

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

introduced resistdyeing techniques from Asia and Africa. For the final course project, each studentdesigned and created his or her own silk scarf using the techniques learned in class.The scarves created by the students were outstanding and exhibited their willingness totry a new design. For example, one student wanted to create the illusion of a branch ofbamboo growing along the length of his scarf. He planned three different colors: abrown foundation representing the dirt, followed by yellow changing gradually to greenand finally blue. He used Shibori techniques to design the bamboo branch, and usedscraps of silk to determine the combination of mordant and dye to yield the shades hedesired.The students kept the scarves they dyed, so photos of them

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher P. Pung, Grand Valley State University; Debbie Morrow MLIS, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

possible with a little patience andpersistence, and an idea3: “…a perfectly built lamp housing to go in as a “An overview of my Marantz with the bright blue part replacement for my old one” (Photo by K. Niewiada, placed inside” (Photo by K. Niewiada, used with used with permission) permission)The A&D fabrication lab is largely known only to Art & Design majors and other students in Artclasses. Dr. Norwood Viviano, Sculpture Program Coordinator and Assistant Department Chair,says that planning is underway to revise the department’s 100-level ‘3-D Design and CreativeProblem Solving’ course and open it up as a General Education course. He anticipates that intime, that course will have a

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sanjay Jayaram, Saint Louis University; Michael A. Swartwout, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

widening gap in systems engineering expertise in the workforce. There is aparallel need to develop “entrepreneurally-minded” engineers (i.e., those who can identifyopportunities to create or improve products, and to implement plans to capture such opportunities).Engineering graduates need the capability and competency to efficiently and effectively engineerinnovative systems that satisfy customer and user operational needs, within budget, schedule,technology, and risk constraints. The solutions developed must incorporate societal impacts as wellas regulatory constraints. As evidenced by our definitions, there are strong overlap between Page

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenifer Blacklock, Colorado School of Mines; Jered H Dean, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

  components;     e. construct  an  engineering  prototype  involving  multiple  custom-­‐ designed  and  constructed  components;   f. construct  a  prototype  of  a  system  composed  of  multiple  subsystems;   g. execute  a  verification  plan  for  an  engineering  challenge;   h. execute  a  validation  plan  for  an  engineering  challenge;                                                                                                                    1  For  the  purpose  of  this  paper,  verification  involves  proving  that  a  design  meets  the  technical

Conference Session

Latest Trends and Implementations in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Esther Rodriguez-Silva Ph.D.; Bimal P. Nepal, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

growing distribution market inChina before other competitors enter into the market.Group 2: Expansion Plan of Rubbers, Plastics and Polymers: The methodology and projectapproach of this group was based on identifying the need and usage of specialty rubbers, plastics,and polymers in key industries that are in demand in China. Moreover, the students identifiedgrowth strategies aligned to this segment and targeted three different markets for penetration andexpansion. Then, they analyzed suppliers that could collaborate with the chemical organizationfor introducing a new product line. Through analysis students selected construction, automotive,and electronics as the potential industries that would provide a strong opportunity for growth forspecialty

Conference Session

Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip S. Schmidt P.E., University of Texas, Austin; Christina Soontornvat, iFLY ; Stuart B Wallock

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

2011. As Chief Marketing Officer, he oversees the company’s corporate and product marketing, franchisee and consumer marketing, social media, communications, brand strategy and application development. At Dell, Stuart was Director of Site Innovation and Social Commerce. Previously, he was Director of Marketing at Newegg.com, overseeing all marketing and web development programs. Before Newegg, he was Director of Business Planning at Sony Electronics. Since assuming his present role with SkyVenture/iFLY, one of Stuart’s major objectives has been the development of the team building and education programs at iFLY– from concept through implementation–with the goal of making physics, math, technology, the science of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John L. Falconer, University of Colorado Boulder; Janet L. de Grazia, University of Colorado, Boulder; Garret Nicodemus, University of Colorado Boulder; Katherine Page McDanel, Dept of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder; Michelle Medlin, University of Colorado

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, and others that we plan toprepare, will be put into a webpage in a format so additional software is not required, andstudents can answer questions within the tutorial.Conclusion We made numerous improvements to our teaching/learning resources for chemical Page 26.1494.6engineering students and faculty and made them available directly on www.LearnChemE.com orprovided links on our website. These resources include ConcepTests, screencasts, interactiveMathematica simulations, an interactive tutorial module, and a thermodynamics course package.In addition to producing new screencasts, we replaced screencasts with errors

Conference Session

Capstone and Design Projects

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohammad Moin Uddin, East Tennessee State University; Keith V. Johnson, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

thereby preparingengineers for the global workforce.This paper focuses on educating engineers/engineering technology students as a global citizenand problem solver by engaging them with the international student groups. The researchhypothesis is that international student groups and communities on the university campus caneffectively help engineering technology students learn global skills through active and peerlearning, and may serve as an alternative to study abroad. The course project for the capstonedesign course was used to test the hypothesis. The paper is divided into five sections. The firstsection describes the planning for the course modifications and the second section describesadded learning outcomes. The third section explains

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division: Retention of Undergraduate Students

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer I. Clark, Montana State University ; Sarah L. Codd, Montana State University; Angela Colman Des Jardins, Montana State University; Christine M. Foreman, Montana State University; Brett W. Gunnink, Montana State University; Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University; Katherine Ruth Stocker

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Mentoring Program.Colleges and Universities across the country and abroad have reported success in improvingstudent retention both for mentee/advisee and also peer advisors/mentors (Andrews & Clark,2011; Halpin & Halpin, 2012; Marra et al, 2010; Monte et al., 2007; Newton & Ender, 2010b).Specifically, Colleges of Engineering, mostly at large universities such as Cornell, UC-Davis,and University of Washington, have funded, developed and implemented dynamic peeradvising/mentoring programs which provide helpful models for the field (Davis & Engineering,2015; Engineering, 2015; Washington & Engineering, 2015). Key factors to the success of peeradvising/mentoring programs are good planning, program oversight, ongoing training

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Torres, Texas State University, San Marcos; Vedaraman Sriraman, Texas State University, San Marcos

Tagged Divisions

Construction

is also unique nationwide, in that thereare only three other schools that offer the degree plan. The CIM program has been at Texas StateUniversity since 2009 and has been growing since its inception. The program is accredited by theNational Steering Committee (NSC) of CIM, which consists of top-level executives of thenational concrete industry. The NSC first developed the CIM degree in 1996 at MiddleTennessee State University and provides accreditation standards and criteria for all four schools.These accreditation criteria in turn translate into learning course outcomes that involve studentunderstanding and application of the construction methodology, project participants, deliverymethods, construction estimates and schedules. The learning

Conference Session

Special Session: Building Intentional Community Partnerships

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julia D Thompson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Juan C. Lucena, Colorado School of Mines; Marybeth Lima, Louisiana State University; Brent K Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

specific interactions, activities, and the languageof community engagement partnerships as transactional, cooperative or communal. In addition tothe theoretical grounding, the paper also provides a summary of the activities that we will befacilitating during the special session, including analyzing cases and design tools, reflecting oncurrent program structures, and creating an action plan to implement changes in the participants’current, anticipated, or imagined engagement programs. By the end of the special session,participants will be able to evaluate their past, current or future partnerships, observe howprogram structures can influence partnerships, and assess the differences that these partnershipscan make in the success or failures of

Conference Session

Research & Evaluation on K-12 Teachers and Teaching.

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Louis Nadelson, Utah State University; Anne Seifert, Idaho National Laboratory; J. Kade Hendricks, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

STEM practices teaching and learning.The NGSS science and engineering practice standards were designed to engage students in thepractices associated with scientific investigations and engineering design11. Thus, the NGSSpractice standards are: 1. Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering) 2. Developing and using models 3. Planning and carrying out investigations 4. Analyzing and interpreting data 5. Using mathematics and computational thinking 6. Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering) 7. Engaging in argument from evidence 8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information,Again, the intention of the NGSS

Conference Session

Research to Practice: STRAND 2- Engineering Across the Curriculum: Integration with the Arts, Social Studies, Science, and the Common Core

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joyce Blandino P.E., Virginia Military Institute; Jon-Michael Hardin, Virginia Military Institute

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

period. In this paper, the authorsdiscuss the results of this initial study and their plans for future studies to determine theeffect of exposure frequency on the long-term student perception of engineering as acourse of study in the future.IntroductionEngineering outreach programs to middle and high school students are designed toincrease students’ interest in, and understanding of, engineering so as to inspire them tochoose engineering in their future study and career. Before beginning their current study,the authors reviewed the existing literature concerning the influence of these programs onparticipating students. Many of the outreach programs studied ranged from half-day, oneday, a single week or multi-week long summer camp1-13. To

Conference Session

Software and Programming

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priya Manohar, Robert Morris University; Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University; Peter Y. Wu, Robert Morris University; Ali A. Ansari, Virginia State University; Walter W. Schilling Jr., Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

. His teaching involvement and research interest are in the area of Software Engineering education, Software Verification & Validation, Data Mining, Neural Networks, and Enterprise Resource Planning. He also has interest in Learning Objectives based Education Material Design and Development. Acharya is a co-author of ”Discrete Mathematics Applications for Information Systems Professionals- 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall”. He is a member of Nepal Engineering Association and is also a member of ASEE, and ACM. Acharya was the Principal Investigator of the 2007 HP grant for Higher Education at RMU. In 2013 Acharya received a National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant for developing course materials through an industry-academia

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susannah Howe, Smith College; Sophia L Poulos, Smith College; R. Keith Stanfill, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. In 2003, he helped create the Integrated Technology Ventures (ITV) program and serves as Chair of the ITV Board of Directors. The ITV program exposes students to the realities of technology start-up companies while assisting UF researchers in commercializing their technological innovations. Virtual companies comprised of engineering, business, and law students identify market opportunities, develop business plans, and produce prototype systems. Each ITV team is led by an experienced entrepreneurial CEO and features hands-on guidance from engineering, business, and law faculty. Prior to joining UF, Dr. Stanfill spent ten years with United Technologies where he designed fighter air- craft gas turbine hardware

Conference Session

Curricula Innovations in Engineering Economics

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul J. Kauffmann P.E., East Carolina University; Joseph Wilck, East Carolina University; Paul C. Lynch, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

. Although the three participatingcourse sections shown in Table 2 represent a range of potential differentiators, we did not designour study to analyze these factors in this first step. As we continue our work and grow the dataset in the future, we plan to define ways to better study the differentiators noted in Table 2.Consequently our results are reported based on the instructor (or section) noted in the firstcolumn of Table 2. Page 26.378.4Table 2: Participating Course Characteristics Instructor Class Credits Homework Class quizzes Lecture style Final exam size requirement 1

Collection

2015 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

William Lorenz; Ross Lee; Karl Schmidt; Pritpal Singh

most of these courses are also offered in an online mode,MS students can receive their degrees 100% online.The program has minimum entry requirements and has attracted students from a wide range ofundergraduate engineering majors as well as chemistry, physics, biology, environmental science& urban planning. Most students being admitted to the program have GPAs over 3.3/4.0 andfour Fulbright scholars from South American countries are currently in the program. The MS inSustainable Engineering has been growing rapidly and now has over 75 students enrolled,making it one of the most popular graduate programs in the College of Engineering. There areopportunities for students to do international field research as well as working on

Collection

2015 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Garrett M. Clayton; Allen Tan; Jordan Ermilio; Aaron Wemhoff

engineeringstudents, with more than 10 students traveling to the GWHF’s facilities in Cambodia for designreview and prototype testing. In this paper, the VU-GWHF partnership will be presented fromthe project partners’ perspectives. Project details, including scope, selection, planning andimplementation, will be discussed.1. IntroductionIn this paper, we discuss an ongoing international partnership between the Mechatronic SystemsLab (MSL) and Villanova Engineering Service Learning (VESL) at Villanova University (VU)and the Golden West Humanitarian Foundation’s (GWHF’s) Phnom Penh Design Lab (based inCambodia). GWHF is recognized by the international humanitarian explosive ordnance disposal(EOD) community as one of the premier non-governmental organizations

Collection

2015 St.Lawrence Section Meeting

Authors

Danush Tumkur Ravishankar; McCleve Paul‐Gerald Joseph

. The basic functionality of the charger circuit has been verified experimentally and by Figure 4. Block Digram of DC‐DC Convertor [2]  simulation. As a part of our future work we plan to reduce the harmonics by optimizing the filter design and we also aim at making the controller wireless and capable of

Collection

2015 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Michael Kinsler; Colin McGill; Giovanni Rodriguez; William Berrios; Jeremy Chow; Amelito Enriquez; Paul Grams; Xiaorong Zhang; Hamid Mahmoodi; Wenshen Pong; Kwok-Siong Teh

(Fig 3). (a) (b) Figure 2. (a) LCD button shield by LinkSprite, (b) Max 31855 thermocouple amplifier Figure 3. Arduino Uno connected to the thermocouple, LCD screen and heating system.(B) Circuit Elements Proceedings of the 2015 American Society for Engineering Education Pacific Southwest Conference Copyright © 2015, American Society for Engineering Education 422According to the original design plan, the circuit for the heating elements was to be composed ofa Power Control MOSFET. Since the heating elements require an AC current to be

Conference Session

Computers in Education Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James E. Lewis, University of Louisville; Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

matter expert such as a TA or instructorprovides guidance and clarification as the students work on the assignment. There are severalproblems with this approach, finding enough TAs and/or instructors, and enough class hours.Also, with students having a variety of skill levels, class time might be wasted since some,perhaps many of the students would complete the task quickly. Complementary, those studentsneeding the most help might run out of class time to complete the task, and then have tocomplete the task without assistance (which might very well contribute to an increase incheating). Our plan for achieving this outcome would be to have students complete simulationbased training programs such as MyITLab or other similar products. Students are

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Xavier Shastri Domnique Henry, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Lei Zhang, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Madhumi Mitra Ph.D., University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Christopher E Hartman, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Christopher Alan Toney II, University of Maryland Eastern Shore ; Ayokunle Adeyemi Akangbe, University of Maryland Eastern Shore

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Shore graduating in Spring 2015. He enjoys the technical aspect of putting a system together to solve engineering problems. When he graduates he hopes to work for a research company as a systems engineer.Mr. Ayokunle Adeyemi Akangbe A, University of Maryland Eastern Shore I was born and raised in Nigeria, but came to the United States when I was twelve years old. I am currently a Sophomore at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore majoring in Mechanical Engineering. After obtaining my bachelor’s degree, I plan on getting my Master’s degree in Mechanical Engineering Page 26.720.1

Conference Session

Integrating Curriculum and Labs in ET Programs

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ranjeet Agarwala, East Carolina University; Robert A. Chin, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

to the additive manufacturing resources, capabilities, capacities, and products that could be produced. They were then introduced to several processes underway, including the one with which they would be engaged during the balance of the event. The introduction also included supervised processing and post-processing. Once a level of participant hands-on confidence with 3D printing was achieved, they were provided the opportunity to process canned products, which they could have personalized, and then 3D print the designs they developed. During the end of the last session of the event, the participants were administered a post-event poll to, on a 1-4 scale, gage their satisfaction with the event and to ascertain their plans for the

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine G. Nicometo, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jeffrey S. Russell, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

-authored book on technical presentations, (SlideRules: Design, Build, and Archive Technical Presentations in the Engineering and Technical Fields), was published in 2014 by IEEE-Wiley.Dr. Jeffrey S. Russell, University of Wisconsin, Madison Dr. Jeffrey S. Russell is the Vice Provost for Lifelong Learning and Dean of the Division of Continuing Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. In his role as Vice Provost, he is striving to make UW- Madison a global leader in the service to lifelong learners. He has held these dual responsibilities since 2011. Jeff is currently leading a campus-wide strategic planning process focused on creating more transforma- tive educational experiences for lifelong learners. Jeff

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher E Hartman, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Lei Zhang, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Abbas H Diab P.E., Research Assistant UMES

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

, reflective observation,abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation framework of Kolb’s experiential learningparadigm. It is anticipated the paper will serve as a reference document for those experiencingsimilar issues with small UAV based aerial imaging efforts.Project based Interactive and Experiential LearningIn order to aid in the differentiation of learning activities Chi [1] proposed a taxonomy forclassification of active, constructive, interactive. Active learning activities have been defined asdoing something physically. Constructive learning activities include the overt actions ofhypothesis generation, explanation and elaboration, planning and prediction of outcomes, as wellas integration and synthesis of concepts. Cognitively

Conference Session

Best Practices for Two-Year Students Majoring in Engineering & STEM Fields

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

April K. Andreas, McLennan Community College; Paulina Z. Sidwell, McLennan Community College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

semester developing AI that played against theuser.McLennan College has partnered with Tarleton State University to allow the research course tofully-transfer into that partner university’s degree plan in Engineering Physics, and manystudents have completed design projects to meet those goals. One student created a “Simon”memory game from scratch while another built ham radio repeaters.Pure curiosity has motivated other students. One student designed a graphing calculator app,which in turn required the student to learn Reverse Polish Notation (RPN). Another student,frustrated with the way in which referees were assigned to his soccer club matches, designed anautomated scheduling algorithm, motivating a discussion of P vs NP. Both RPN and P vs NP