Conference Session

Web-based learning

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Animesh Patcha, Virginia Tech; Glenda Scales, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

establishing the vision, and overall strategy for implementing a world-class distance learning program. Her office also organizes the identification and coordination of appropriate hardware, software, and access to other information systems to meet the needs of the college in teaching and research. She received her bachelor's degree in computer science in 1985 from Old Dominion University, her master's in applied behavioral science in 1992 from Johns Hopkins University, and her doctorate in curriculum and instruction in 1995 from Virginia Tech. Page 11.958.1© American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Design Projects in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mindy Breen, Eastern Washington University; Jason Durfee, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

2006-1138: SENIOR CAPSTONE: A CROSS-DISCIPLINARY,STUDENT-CENTERED APPROACHMindy Breen, Eastern Washington University MINDY BREEN received her undergraduate degree in Graphic Design from the University of Notre Dame and her Master of Fine Arts Degree in Graphic Design from the University of Idaho. She is currently Assistant Professor of Visual Communication Design at Eastern Washington University.Jason Durfee, Eastern Washington University JASON DURFEE received his BS and MS degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Brigham Young University. He holds a Professional Engineer certification. Prior to teaching at Eastern Washington University he was a military pilot, an engineering instructor at

Conference Session

Mobile Robotics in Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Ahlgren, Trinity College; Igor Verner, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

to facilitate it by introducing theoretical tests (Robotics Olympiads) as integral parts ofrobot contests. We present our experience of theoretical tests at the Trinity College Fire-FightingHome Robot Contests [3], Botball Tournaments [4], and International Robot Olympiads [5].Teaching for Understanding and Aptitude DevelopmentAptitude can be defined as a capacity or potential for achievement in a given area based on theability to understand phenomena and principles both formally and through experience [6]. Thethree components of the aptitude are knowledge, ability, and motivation.Development of aptitude and understanding is not an automatic result of any learning process.From the experience of educational studies in mathematics and science

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experiences

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Rogers, Georgia Institute of Technology; Jeremy Noonan, Purdue University; Jaemeen Baek, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sangil Lee, Georgia Institute of Technology; Ulas Tezel, Georgia Institute of Technology; Grant Michalski, Georgia Institute of Technology; Chia-Hung Hou, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

categorize respondents into demographic/characteristic groups. Thesecond set of questions was designed to assess student satisfaction with the resources they needto perform research. These questions were divided into three categories: office space (Block B),lab space (Block C), and computers (Block D). The third set of questions (Blocks E and F) wasdesigned for student self-assessment of preparedness to perform EnvE research successfully.These questions examined how prepared students felt they were for research when they beganthe program, how well the program has prepared students for research, and how well a laboratory Page 11.130.10course has

Conference Session

Design Projects

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cesar Luongo, Florida A&M/Florida State University; Chiang Shih, Florida A&M/Florida State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

in two-semester sequences with a corresponding laboratory (e.g., thermal-fluids, mechanics andmaterials, etc.). The teaching of design has been integrated to the curriculum by devoting acertain fraction of the coursework or labs to open-ended design problems. Likewise, formalintroduction to the engineering design method is made at the sophomore level in two courses:Introduction to Mechanical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering Tools. These coursesintroduce the design cycle, and expose students to design concepts by using problems withinreach at the sophomore level (e.g., statics, simple material selections, etc.). The tools courseintroduces the students to the machine shop and to the software packages they need to master inorder to

Conference Session

K-12 Programs for Recruiting Women

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan DeWaters, Clarkson University; Susan Powers, Clarkson University; Mary Graham, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Engineering for Research and Graduate studies at Clarkson University. She has directed an NSF-Funded GK-12 Program - Project-Based Learning Partnership Program for the past six years and received the NSF Directors Award for Distinguished Teaching Scholars in 2004.Mary Graham, Clarkson University Mary Graham, PhD is an Associate Professor in Organizational Studies at Clarkson University. Her research interests include gender-related employment discrimination. Dr. Graham was the external evaluator for the Partners in Engineering Program during the period AY01 through AY03. Page 11.983.1© American Society for

Conference Session

ChE: Innovation to Improve Student Learning

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

C. Stewart Slater, Rowan University; Mariano Savelski, Rowan University; Robert Hesketh, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

PreventionAbstract Student projects have examined how to apply pollution prevention strategies to bothR&D and manufacturing in several chemical industries. This has been accomplished throughindustry-university partnerships with pharmaceutical and petrochemical companies. Severalgrants from the US Environmental Protection Agency have supported initiatives in greenchemistry, engineering and design. These projects have the broader goal of supportingsustainability in the chemical industry.Introduction Too often the teaching of a technical subject like green engineering is limited to anindividual class experience or one dimensional laboratory or design experience. The teaching ofpollution prevention in the curriculum is greatly enhanced by

Conference Session

Energy Learning through Simulation and Analysis

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ilya Grinberg, Buffalo State College; Herbert L. Hess P.E., University of Idaho in Moscow; Frank Pietryga, University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

technology students closer in terms of learning both aspects of this importanttechnique.In this paper, an assessment of learning is reported where these classes of load flow tools areused in laboratories for engineering instruction and for engineering technology instruction.Methodologies are presented for teaching load flow from both perspectives: from a basicprogramming perspective and from a holistic perspective using a high level software simulationpackage. The results are assessed and recommendations for improvement are presented.Programming perspectiveA five-bus electric power system presents a significant programming problem without becomeexcessively burdensome. In the work at hand, the power system diagrammed in Figure 1 waspresented to

Conference Session

Mentoring Graduate Students

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharnnia Artis, Virginia Tech; Glenda Scales, Virginia Tech; Odis Griffin, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Science, 1992, Johns Hopkins University; Bachelor of Science in Computer Science, 1985 Old Dominion University.Odis Griffin, Virginia Tech HAYDEN GRIFFIN is currently professor and head of the Department of Engineering Education at Virginia Tech. He holds BSME and MSME degrees from Texas Tech and a Ph.D. in Engineering Mechanics from VPI&SU. He had 13 years of experience in industry and government laboratories prior to joining Virginia Tech in 1985. Prior to moving into his current position, he was associate dean for academic affairs in the College of Engineering. Page 11.655.1© American

Conference Session

Capstone Courses II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Fernandez, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering Constituent Committee

approaches used for very successful capstone projects that have been completed bycomputer science students at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi (A&M-CC) are presented.Challenges associated with the software products are presented as well as solutions that use industrygrade software development support tools for the entire life cycle. The capstone course experience cantruly be the capstone of a student’s education, while also having a beneficial impact on the community.Conflict of Mindsets: Traditional Versus EngagingThe author has several years of experience developing and managing the development of systems formany organizations, and can attest to the existence of a certain mindset among CS professionals7. Evenwhile teaching software

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory Davis, Kettering University; Craig Hoff, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

alumni of these competitions feel that these events helped themto gain better employment opportunities and faster career advancement? Both alumni who hadthese experiences and alumni who did not have these experiences were surveyed.This paper provides a brief introduction to the SAE design competitions along with the results ofthe alumni survey.IntroductionStarting in the early 1960s, engineering education shifted away from engineering practice andmore towards engineering science. Declining enrollments and shifting priorities causeduniversities to reduce program length. In order to accomplish this, many programs reducedapplication oriented courses and laboratories.1 This has resulted in a gap between whatuniversities are teaching, and what

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Education in ET

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radha Balamuralikrishna, Northern Illinois University; Kurt Rosentrater, USDA-ARS

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

fewexperts. It is also quite imperative that case developers receive input from a wider audience onthe implications of their learning tools so that successes and lessons learnt can be disseminated toall stakeholders in a timely fashion. The main objective of this paper is to provide an appliedexample of the use of a preexisting case study in a quality control course and demonstrate howinstructors may measure the effectiveness of induced instructional changes using a combinationof self-reported measures and authentic assessment. This paper presents one side of the ongoingstudy and the authors hope to continue to present the remaining part in another forthcomingpublication.Development of Case Studies at LITEEThe laboratory for Innovative Technology in

Conference Session

Curriculum Development & Assessment in Nuclear and Radiological Engineering

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Long, Nuclear Stewardship, LLC; Altaf Memon, Excelsior College; Li-Fang Shih, Excelsior College; Byron Thinger, Diablo Canyon Power Plant

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

) recognizes all Excelsior CollegeExaminations for the award of college-level credit.When Excelsior (then Regents) College was first accredited by TAC of ABET, it was under the‘old’, prescriptive accreditation criteria. [7] It was quite a challenge to both the commission andthe school to provide a meaningful visit experience to an institution that had no on-campusstudents, classrooms, labs or teaching faculty. The adoption by ABET of assessment-of-outcomes based criteria has made a world of difference; as Excelsior has always been essentiallyan assessment, rather than a course delivery, institution. [8] At the same time, Excelsior itself hasgone more ‘mainstream,’ by offering a growing number of on-line courses. In this environment,the accreditation

Conference Session

Embedded Computing

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anshuman Panda, Polytechnic University; Hong Wong, Polytechnic University; Vikram Kapila, Polytechnic University; Sang-Hoon Lee, Polytechnic University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

2006-1522: TWO-TANK LIQUID LEVEL CONTROL USING A BASIC STAMPMICROCONTROLLER AND A MATLAB-BASED DATA ACQUISITION ANDCONTROL TOOLBOXAnshuman Panda, Polytechnic University ANSHUMAN PANDA was born in New Delhi, India. He is currently pursuing a dual B.S/M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering and expects to graduate in December 2006. He is a member of Tau Beta Pi. He has worked as a teaching and research assistant with responsibilities in the area of mechatronics.Hong Wong, Polytechnic University HONG WONG was born in Hong Kong, China. In June of 2000 and 2002, he received the B.S. and M.S. degrees, respectively, in Mechanical Engineering from Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY. He is a member of Pi

Conference Session

ChE: Innovation in Existing Courses

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Zollars, Washington State University; Jim Henry, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

2006-1686: LEARNING-BY-DOING AND COMMUNICATIONS WITHIN APROCESS CONTROL CLASSJim Henry, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga JIM HENRY (e-mail jim-henry@utc.edu) Dr. Henry is a professor in the area of chemical and environmental engineering at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton University. He has been teaching engineering for 37 years. He is interested in laboratory development for improved learning.Richard Zollars, Washington State University DICK ZOLLARS (e-mail rzollars@che.wsu.edu) Dr. Zollars is a professor in, and director of, the School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering at Washington State University. He

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Louis Everett, University of Texas-El Paso; Elsa Villa, University of Texas-El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

leadingcorporations and National Laboratories, and as entrepreneurs. In Hispanic BusinessMagazine recently, UTEP was named Number One in the Top Ten Engineering Schoolsfor Hispanics [1]. Clearly, UTEP produces a large number of high quality baccalaureategraduates.1 This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DUE-0411320. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are thoseof the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Support was alsofrom the PACE program (www.PACEpartners.org) and the author gratefully acknowledges their support

Conference Session

A Serving Profession: Service Learning in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Hanson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Robert Houghtalen, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Jesse Houghtalen, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Zachary Johnson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Matthew Lovell, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Maria Van Houten, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

project jointly (Boronkay et al., 2002; Jones et al., 2002). Some of theadvantages noted by those authors include the following:• Increases technical skills.• Teaches teamwork over international borders.• Links two teams over cultural boundaries.• Provides international experiences for students who cannot afford to travel.• Reflects modern reality that products are designed in one country and manufactured in another.• Teaches international project management.• Teaches communication through technical media.Those authors also noted the following disadvantages:• Partner schools must acquire computers, workstations, and communications tools.• Difficult to coordinate the design effort.From those papers, we observed the following additional

Conference Session

Engineering in High School

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meetu Walia, Polytechnic University; EDWIN YU, Polytechnic University; Vikram Kapila, Polytechnic University; Magued Iskander, Polytechnic University; Noel Kriftcher, Polytechnic University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Laboratory, an NSF funded Research Experience for Teachers Site in Mechatronics that has been featured on WABC-TV and NY1 News, and an NSF funded GK-12 Fellows project. He has held visiting positions with the Air Force Research Laboratories in Dayton, OH. His research interests are in cooperative control; distributed spacecraft formation control; linear/nonlinear control with applications to robust control, saturation control, and time-delay systems; closed-loop input shaping; spacecraft attitude control; mechatronics; and DSP/PC/microcontroller-based real-time control. He received Polytechnic’s 2002 Jacob’s Excellence in Education Award and 2003 Distinguished Teacher Award. In 2004, he was selected

Conference Session

Energy Resources, Efficiency, and Conservation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarma Pisupati, Pennsylvania State University; Wendy Mahen, PennSylvania State University; Mark Deluca, Pennsylvania State University; Martin Gutowski, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

2006-1732: DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY INTERACTIVE, ON-LINE COURSE ONENERGY CONSERVATION: LEARNING STRATEGIES USED ANDEXPERIENCE GAINEDSarma Pisupati, Pennsylvania State University SARMA V. PISUPATI is an Associate Professor of Energy & Geo-Environmental Engineering Department and a Faculty Fellow of the John A Dutton e-Education Institute of the College of Earth and mineral Sciences. He is Chair of the General Education Program of the EGEE Department and has been teaching undergraduate and graduate courses at Penn State University since 1992.Wendy Mahen, PennSylvania State University WENDY L. MAHAN is Instructional Designer in the in the Teaching and Learning with Technology (TLT) wing of

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Gaughran, University of Limerick; Thomas Waldmann, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick

American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition Copyright  2006, American Society for Engineering EducationBackgroundThe paper stems from a historical investigation into the relationship between technologyand society and the impact of engineering education on the performance of technologicaladvancements. Felder defines technology as the discipline that translates the discoveriesof science into means of improving the well being of society1. Engineering education isnot the sole influential factor determining the success of technological developments;however it is a significant player.Many educationalists criticize the shift in teaching methodology, as educators are nowmore concerned with a more

Conference Session

New Horizons in Academic Integrity

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Jordan, Baylor University; Bill Elmore, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

engineer in the state of Louisiana.Bill Elmore, Mississippi State University BILL ELMORE, Ph.D., P.E., is Associate Professor and Hunter Henry Chair, Mississippi State University. His teaching areas include the integrated freshman engineering and courses throughout the chemical engineering curriculum including unit operations laboratories and reactor design. His current research activities include engineering educational reform, enzyme-based catalytic reactions in micro-scale reactor systems, and bioengineering applied to renewable fuels and chemicals. Page 11.562.1© American Society for

Conference Session

Improving ME education: Broad Topics

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daria Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado-Boulder; Derek Reamon, University of Colorado; Lawrence Carlson, University of Colorado-Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

taught Circuits and Electronics, Mechatronics, Component Design and the interdisciplinary First-Year Engineering Projects. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University. His foremost research interests include assessment of student learning, curriculum development and robotic controls.Lawrence Carlson, University of Colorado-Boulder LAWRENCE E. CARLSON is a founding co-director of the Integrated Teaching and Learning Laboratory and Program, as well as professor of mechanical engineering. He received his M.S. and D.Eng. degrees from the University of California at Berkeley. His primary educational passion is real-world design, and he spent his last sabbatical

Conference Session

Software and e-learning in the ME curriculum

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Wedlick, The College of New Jersey; Shou Rei Chang, The College of New Jersey; Bijan Sepahpour, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

-Baja teams at the College of New Jersey for the past twelve years. For years, he served as the advisor for the department’s ASME club. He teaches subjects related to Finite Elements, Machine Design and Advanced Stress Analyses.Bijan Sepahpour, The College of New Jersey Bijan Sepahpour is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the College of New Jersey. He is actively involved in the generation of design-oriented exercises and development of laboratory apparatus and experiments in the areas of mechanics of materials and dynamics of machinery for undergraduate engineering programs. In the period of September 1997 to 2002, he served as the Primary and Technical advisor of TCNJ Lunar Rover

Conference Session

New Trends in Engineering Graduate Education

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Wells, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

, aerospace and commercial sheet metal industries. Dr. Wells earned the BS and MS in Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University and the PhD in Engineering Management at University of Missouri-Rolla. He has been active in SME, ASEE and ABET for over twenty years. More recently, he has become a member of and a reviewer for IEEE. Dr. Wells teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in process engineering, production engineering and specialty manufacturing. His research interests are in electronics manufacturing, mechanical micromachining, manufacturing strategies, economic development and manufacturing education

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Salim Haidar, Grand Valley State University; Ali Mohammadzadeh, Grand Valley State University

vibrations employ software tools, such as MATLAB,Mathcad, Maple, in their treatment of vibration principles and concepts; however most of theircoverage of the ever important role of technology in teaching vibrations is limited to isolatedusage of these tools in some end of the chapter computer problems. Second, their treatmentappears to focus primarily on the presentation of the programming aspects of the issue withoutmuch analysis and design of vibration systems.In vibrations, the simplest model representing a system is a linear, lumped parameter, discretesystem model, which requires considerable analytical and computational effort for systems withmore than two degrees of freedom. In such circumstances, the use of software programs, such asMATLAB

Conference Session

Network Administration and Security

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ron McKean, Ferris State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

both curriculums - PC Data Acquisition & Control. Use outside expertise for specialized topics until tenure track positions could be justified and current faculty could obtain additional training. Network professionals used for adjunct teaching and guest lectures. 4-Utilize an existing classroom as a temporary classroom/lab for the new courses. Obtain network equipment through industry and university donations.Challenge - A separate university support staff oversees lab computers. Their charge is to Page 11.1289.6maintain properly operating computers correctly configured for software and networkapplications. This was not

Conference Session

Best Practices and Structuring for Aerospace Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ismail Orabi, University of New Haven; Corinne Lenk, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

both undergraduate and graduate level Mechanical Vibrations and Multimedia Engineering Analysis, and undergraduate level thermodynamics, Measurement Systems, Engineering Mechanics and Introduction to Engineering. One of Professor Orabi's most recent projects involves the development of Learning Modules on the web. These modules provide information, not only about particular course material, but also about more general topics relevant to engineering. He is also working on Computer-Aided Experimentations using LABVIEW. Professor Orabi has received a number of research awards from the State of Connecticut and Untied Technologies. He has established two Laboratories: the Materials Testing

Conference Session

Promoting Scientific and Technological Literacy

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan DeWaters, Clarkson University; Susan Powers, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

in Engineering for Researrch and Graduate studies at Clarkson University. She has directed an NSF-Funded GK-12 Program - Project-Based Learning Partnership Program for the past six years and received the NSF Directors Award for Distinguished Teaching Scholars in 2004. Page 11.738.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Improving science literacy through project-based K-12 outreach efforts that use energy and environmental themesAbstractAn educational outreach program uses project-based curricula with environmental themes as ameans to engage students and increase their interest and competency

Conference Session

FPD6 -- Early Intervention & Retention Programs

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Light, University of Washington; Laura Girardeau, Washington State University; Jennifer Beller, Washington State University; Greg Crouch, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

2006-1278: USING REFLECTIVE ESSAYS AS PART OF A MIXED METHODAPPROACH FOR EVALUATING A FRESHMAN LIVING-LEARNINGCOMMUNITY FOR ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE STUDENTSJennifer Light, University of Washington Jennifer Light is a 2005 Ph.D. graduate in Engineering Education from Washington State University and was recently awarded a National Academy of Engineering post doctoral appointment with the University of Washington Center for Engineering Education. She is the author of several publications on engineering learning communities and assessment.Laura Girardeau, Washington State University Laura Girardeau, M.S., is a Learning Designer at Washington State University’s Center for Teaching, Learning, and

Conference Session

Curricula of the Past, Present, and Future

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Banzaert, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; John Duffy, University of Massachusetts-Lowell; David Wallace, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

60 systems for communication, lighting, vaccine refrigeration, and water supply and purification in remote areas of the Peruvian Andes.David Wallace, Massachusetts Institute of Technology DAVID R. WALLACE is the Esther and Harold E. Edgerton Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at MIT and is the co-director of the MIT Computer-aided Design Laboratory. He works actively to expand service learning work in engineering at MIT. Having a background in both industrial design and mechanical engineering, he teaches graduate and undergraduate product design courses, including 2.009 Product Engineering Processes, 2.744 Product Design, and 2.670 Mechanical Engineering Tools