Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH) Technical Session 4: Professional Preparation

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg Kremer, Ohio University; Timothy Cyders; Cody Petitt; Kouree Chesser, Ohio University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

Lifelong Learning) ● Workplace Effectiveness (Teamwork; Client/Stakeholder Focus; Planning and Organizing; Creative Thinking; Problem Solving, Prevention and Decision Making; Seeking and Developing Opportunities; Working with Tools and Technology; Scheduling and Coordinating; Checking, Examining, and Recording; Business Fundamentals) ● Academic (Reading, Writing, Mathematics, Science and Technology, Communication, Critical and Analytical Thinking, Computer Skills) ● Industry-wide Technical (Foundations of Engineering; Design; Manufacturing and Construction; Operations and Maintenance; Professional Ethics; Business, Legal and Public Policy; Sustainability and Societal and Environmental Impact; Engineering

Conference Session

Community Engagement and Humanitarian Engineering: Creating Inclusive Engineers

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick John Sours, The Ohio State University; xinquan Jiang, The Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division (COMMENG)

justice,political dimensions, structural conditions, and ethical considerations, as well stakeholderunderstanding, values, and dynamics, which also aligns with ABET-EAC’s Criterion 3 StudentOutcomes. [5] By providing students an opportunity to learn from and about multidisciplinaryand multicultural elements present within engineering design considerations, they can develop,with this approach students will develop intercultural competence and be better prepared totackle wicked problems [10].The FEW Model builds upon the current literature and particularly the idea of the engineer’sresponsibility relating to social elements that even exceed traditional notions of engineeringethics as described with the Engineering for Social Responsibility

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) - DEI and Design Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brenda Read-Daily, Elizabethtown College; Kurt M. Degoede, Elizabethtown College; Rachel Koh, Smith College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

assignment, students worked in teams to create abasic version of an LCA including human impacts for their senior capstone design project andwrite an updated version of the Social, Environmental, and Ethics Considerations section for theircapstone report (Appendix B). This assignment presented an opportunity for the students toconnect their work in the Sustainable Resource Engineering and Design course to their capstonedesign project with the intention that they would provide greater depth and insight than they hadto date. Given that the students had previously used a structured approach to consider each phaseof the product life cycle in the Beyond the LCA assignment, they now had an opportunity to applythat knowledge to their capstone project. In

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Technical Session 4

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debalina Maitra, Arizona State University; Seyed Hamid Reza Sanei, Penn State University, Behrend College; Jiawei Gong, Penn State University, Behrend College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

they capture ourrealities as faculty members. Finally, three of us live the similar experiences of beinginternational faculty. We all have an insider’s insight to all of our struggles. Hence, a sense ofsolidarity and mutual respect addresses the last component relational ethics in terms of thisresearch [18].5. Co-Authors' Narratives and ExperiencesGiven the diverse backgrounds of faculty, we have outlined different perspectives and experiencesof each faculty including a personal narrative focusing on specific challenges and experiences inU.S. academia. Exploration of cultural and linguistic assets and their role in the U.S. educationalcontext, followed by a discussion on transition challenges from different career stages in academia. A. Dr

Conference Session

Assessing Conceptual Thinking about Engineering Mechanics

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander John De Rosa, University of Delaware; Samuel Van Horne, University of Delaware

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics Division (MECHS)

/PSF13/Session/E1.413. Schoenfeld, A. H. (2014). Mathematical problem solving. Elsevier. Accessed: Jan. 29, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.elsevier.com/books/mathematical-problem-solving/schoenfeld/978-0-12-628870 -414. Martin, T., Rayne, K., Kemp, N.J., Hart, J., & Diller, K.R. (2005). Teaching for Adaptive Expertise in Biomedical Engineering Ethics. Science and Engineering Ethics, Vol. 11(2), pp. 257-276.15. Martin, T., Rivale, S.D., & Diller, K.R. (2007). Comparison of Student Learning in Challenge-based and Traditional Instruction in Biomedical Engineering. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 35, pp. 1312–1323.16. Rayne, K., Martin, T., Brophy, S., Kemp, N. J., Hart, J. D., & Diller, K.R. (2006

Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division (CONST) Poster Session

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tianjiao Zhao, East Carolina University; George C. Wang P.E., East Carolina University; Ron Chance, East Carolina University; Chelsea Rebecca Buckhalter, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Construction Engineering Division (CONST)

construction industry. Additionally, she is dedicated to integrating cutting-edge technologies into her teaching methods to elevate the overall educational experience.Dr. George C. Wang P.E., East Carolina University Dr. George Wang is a professor in the Department of Construction Management in the College of Engineering and Technology at East Carolina University. His research interests include infrastructure construction, sustainability and ethics education.Ron Chance, East Carolina UniversityChelsea Rebecca Buckhalter, East Carolina University ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Impact of ChatGPT on Student Writing in Construction

Collection

2013 GSW

Authors

Melanie Sattler

mathematics, science, and engineering 10classroom ; Goggins, 2012 5; Ropers- Also likely, depending on the project:knowledge to Huilman et al., 2005 11; Sevier (c) An ability to design a system, component,“real-world”  et al., 2012 13 or process to meet desired needs withinproblems realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability

Conference Session

Inclusive Dialogues and Adaptations in Engineering Education: Navigating Uncertainty and Leveraging AI for Student Success

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sourojit Ghosh, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

harmand taking extensive steps to mitigate such harms. Like other sectors, education has also not been immune to ChatGPT, as it has found itsway into classrooms at all levels. This usage has brought about a strong debate on whether itshould at all be permitted in classrooms, with some educators being of the opinion that ChatGPTbrings ethical concerns. One major concern is in the context of academic integrity andplagiarism, where students can ask assignment or homework questions of ChatGPT andcopy-paste the output while claiming it as original work (e.g., [37], [38]). ChatGPT usage canthus stunt student learning as it offers up the answers without demanding any intellectual labor,serving as a crutch that can be used across different courses

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) - DEI and Design Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sebastian Dziallas, University of the Pacific; David Mueller, University of the Pacific; Shelly Gulati, University of the Pacific; Mary Kay Camarillo, University of the Pacific; Abel A. Fernandez P.E., University of the Pacific; Chi-Wook Lee, University of the Pacific; Vivek Pallipuram, University of the Pacific

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

our course values and pedagogical principles. These included activelearning, project-based learning, and smaller class sizes.Table 3. Identified KSAs (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) for the course series Knowledge Skills Attitudes • Design Process • Teamwork • Appreciation of coding, programming • Curriculum • Communication • Societal impact/sustainability • Resources • Time Management • Metacognition about strengths and • Learning Methods • Study Skills weaknesses • Ethics and Values • Comfort with failure • “I can do this” • Multidisciplinary

Collection

2012 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Darrin S. Muggli; Brian M. Tande

. Students will receive personal attention, with an emphasis on ethics, written andoral communication, and interpersonal skills for which liberal arts programs are well known.These are traits that employers seek when hiring engineers. For example, Steve Jobs stated7 in2011, “It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough—it’s technology married withliberal arts, married with the humanities, that yields us the result that makes our heart sing, andnowhere is that more true than in these post-PC devices.” Indeed, a recent article8 in theChronicle of Higher Education outlines the significant benefits of pursing an engineering degreeat a liberal arts college. Thus, the BC Engineering Model, which is currently proving to beextremely successful in

Collection

2007 St.Lawrence Section Meeting

Authors

Patrick H. Oosthuizen

can be used in teaching,the cases discussed here being chosen purely as examples.As already mentioned, the discussion of engineering disasters in the teaching of engineeringethics is quite common and aerospace related examples are quite widely used for this purpose,common examples being the Hindenburg airship crash, the de Havilland Comet crashes 9, theDC10 cargo door problems and the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Because these cases havebeen quite widely discussed in the context of engineering ethics they will not be considered here.Serious commercial aircraft crashes seldom have a single cause but the crashes are commonlyassociated with their dominant cause. Examples of some commonly stated dominant causes are: • Poor maintenance

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Teresa Piliouras; Pui Lam Yu; Kristin Villanueva; Holly Robillard; Yingxin Chen; Michael Berson; Jeanne R. Lauer; Garret Sampel; Daniel Lapinski; Maigh Attre

needed to dimensions relating to innovation and self-direction.compose a grammatically correct letter, to calculate a bill for a Technology skills play a prominent role in this model, and arecustomer, and to conduct one’s self in an ethically and socially categorized with respect to [6]:responsible manner. Competency reflects a higher level of • Information Literacy – accessing, using, managing, andskill mastery. Competency is the ability to envision a gestalt evaluating information;and possible solutions even if the task at-hand is poorly • Media Literacy – analyzing and creating mediadefined or the available tools or information are lacking and products;incomplete. For example

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

May Alzawawi

personnel commitment also triggers sustainable supply chain management. In some firms, owners are responsible enough in a Financial Performance way that leads them to integrate sustainability into their supply chain systems. Such owners are very concerned with their social reputation and also have some ethical beliefs that they might want to pursue

Collection

2014 ASEE Zone 4 Conference

Authors

Fariborz Tehrani; Nell Papavasiliou; Frederick Nelson; Carol Bohlin; Mara Brady

, economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, constructability, and sustainability. (4) Develop the ability to reason critically so as to form intelligent opinions, make good decisions, and determine the best course of action. (5) Apply the principles of sustainability to the design of traditional and emergent engineering systems. (6) Function effectively as a member of multidisciplinary, diverse, and multicultural teams, and apply leadership principles to direct efforts of a small, homogeneous group. (7) Communicate effectively under time and environmental pressures. (8) Describe the engineering design process and the impact of historical and contemporary issues

Collection

2025 Northeast Section Conference

Authors

Elyas Irankhah; Sashank Narain; Kelilah L. Wolkowicz

encounter. All procedures and interactions were carried out with the approval of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) to ensure ethical considerations. D. Observations The post-assessment survey collected basic participant information, including name and grade level, along with four

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Shuyu Wang, The Ohio State University; Rachel Louis Kajfez, The Ohio State University

traditional boundaries, integrate diverse perspectives, and work towardscreating innovative solutions that address the pressing needs of society [16]. The complexproblems also highlight the importance of integrating societal issues into engineeringeducation and practice, emphasizing the social responsibilities and ethical considerations thatengineers must uphold [18], [19]. Therefore, transdisciplinary approaches present a feasibleand effective way to address complex problems in engineering disciplines and beyond.Historical Context of TransdisciplinarityThe concept of transdisciplinarity was first introduced in 1970 at a conference discussinginterdisciplinarity and its applications in Europe [20]. Jantsch and Piaget argue thatmultidisciplinary

Collection

2022 ASEE Gulf Southwest Annual Conference

Authors

Ramalingam Radhakrishnan

designto produce solutions (criterion 2), communicating effectively by presentations (criterion 3), andrecognizing ethical and professional responsibilities and making informed judgments consideringimpact on global, economic, and environmental contexts (criterion 4). Assessment items related tocriterions and the scores for assessment of items were based on the average of the evaluations of theteam and its members on assignments and a final project report addressing these criteria, illustratingdesign methods supported by calculations using standards and codes, and preparation of drawingsshowing design results with details following industry practices. A sample project is given below. Proceedings of the 2022 ASEE Gulf-Southwest

Conference Session

Manufacturing Division (MFG) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin Talley, Texas State University; Kimberly Grau Talley P.E., Texas State University; Pablo Rodriguez Verde

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing Division (MFG)

senior designproject allowed the students to achieve the course learning objectives, including designing formanufacturing, learning modern manufacturing tools, and conducting ethical design/designingfor the environment.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Hunt and Hunt Ltd. for their generous support of this series ofsenior design projects.References [1] A. Chamas, H. Moon, J. Zheng, Y. Qiu, T. Tabassum, J. H. Jang, M. Abu-Omar, S. L. Scott, and S. Suh, “Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment,” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol 8, Iss. 9, pp. 3494-351, 2020, doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06635 [2] United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Facts and Figures about Materials, Waste

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Siobhan Oca, Duke University ; Genevieve M. Lipp, Duke University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

: The Effect of Summarizing a Research Article on Students’ Area of Robotics Interest1 BackgroundThe need for capable, ethical robotics engineers is growing with the industry valued at 32.32billion in 2021 with anticipated growth of 12.1% from 2022 to 2030 [1], and projected 17,900mechanical engineering job openings each year [2]. It is imperative that undergraduate andgraduate programs prepare engineers for industry positions in robotics, and that they includeand encourage diverse groups of students to enter the field.Additionally, diversity among engineers in general is limited, starting with bachelor’s andbeing further exacerbated when entering engineering professions. For example, 22% of engi-neering bachelor degrees in

Conference Session

Technology Integration in Manufacturing Curriculum

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hugh Jack P. E., Western Carolina University; Scott Rowe, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing Division (MFG)

Gallant, T., Van Den Einde, L., Ouellette, S. & Lee, S. A systemic analysis ofcheating in an undergraduate engineering mechanics course. Science and engineering ethics 20,277–298 (2014).6. Li, Y. et al. Competition-level code generation with alphacode. Science 378, 1092–1097(2022).7. Rowe, S. C., Samson, C. I. & Clough, D. E. A framework to guide the instruction of industrialprogrammable logic controllers in undergraduate engineering education. Education for ChemicalEngineers 31, 76–84 (2020).8. openai.com, last accessed May 1, 2023.9. Oettinger, A. G., “Eliza - A Computer Program For the Study of Natural LanguageCommunication Between Man and Machine”, Communications of the ACM, January 1966, Vol.9, Num. 1, pg. 36-45.10. Brady, J., “AI

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mireia Perera-Gonzalez, Northeastern University; Shiaoming Shi, Northeastern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

. Ethics, vol. 20, no. 4,pp. 457–477, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10805-021-09415-3.[18] C. Guthrie, “Plagiarism and Cheating: A Mixed Methods Study of Student AcademicDishonesty,” Univ. Waikato, vol. Master of Social Sciences, Feb. 2009, doi: [Master of SocialSciences, Palmerston North, New Zealand].[19] N. Das, “Intentional or unintentional, it is never alright to plagiarize: A note on howIndian universities are advised to handle plagiarism,” Perspect. Clin. Res., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 56–57, 2018, doi: 10.4103/picr.PICR_140_17. 5

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division (WIED) Technical Session 7

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexis Nicole Barney, Iowa State University; Benjamin Ahn, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Matthew Nelson, Iowa State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering Division (WIED)

withwomen in the industry.43% of our male participants reported experiencing no efforts to promote awareness and mitigategender inequality in the classroom. The remaining 57% experienced the following efforts: (1)sexual assault training prior to attending college, (2) efforts to prevent sexual violence againstwomen, (3) posters in classrooms and buildings on campus, and (4) female empowerment speechesin class.4.4.3. Suggestions for Future Education Efforts (From Participants)Discussing topics in class that highlight gender equity was the most common response from ourfemale participants. It was suggested that professors discussing equity and ethics or discussingvaluable minorities and their contributions to the field is an excellent way to bring

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

V. Sanchez Padilla, Virginia Tech; Jennifer M. Case, Virginia Tech; Homero Murzi, Virginia Tech; Albert Espinal, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

Educator Expectations in University Degrees,” e-Journal of Business Education & Scholarship of Teaching, vol. 14, no. 1, 2020.[11] ABET, “Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.” Accessed: Apr. 07, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.abet.org/accreditation/[12] J. F. Volkwein, L. R. Lattuca, P. T. Terenzini, L. C. Strauss, and J. Sukhbaatar, “Engineering Change: A Study of the Impact of EC2000,” International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 318–328, 2004.[13] A. K. Shenton, “Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects,” EFI, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 63–75, Jul. 2004, doi: 10.3233/EFI-2004-22201.[14] “AERA Code of Ethics: American Educational Research Association

Conference Session

Engineering Programs and Institutional Factors

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nikitha Sambamurthy, zyBooks, A Wiley Brand

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)

(e.g., Institutional ReviewBoard (IRB) to review the ethics around the research) that is necessary for doing research well.To this end, the purpose of this work-in-progress paper is to outline a plan for investigating thebarriers to conducting engineering education research from an industry viewpoint. The questionsguiding this study are: To what extent is it possible for industry professionals to conductengineering education research without an academic partner? What barriers exist for conductingthose engineering education research in education-adjacent industries? This paper aims to build upon the work done by Boden and Borrego [3] to advance ourunderstanding of the organizational barriers to conducting research in industries that

Conference Session

COED: Online and Remote Learning

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn Kusbit Dunn, East Carolina University; David L. Batts, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education Division (COED)

Paper ID #37922Pandemic or Profession? Factors Motivating Students to Pursue an OnlineBachelor’s DegreeDr. Carolyn Kusbit Dunn, East Carolina University Carolyn Kusbit Dunn is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Technology Systems at East Carolina University. Dr. Dunn teaches Technical Writing and Technical Presentations, and centers her research on the pedagogy of technical writing, crisis and risk communication, and the the ethics of crisis and risk communication.Dr. David L. Batts, East Carolina University David Batts, Ed.D., is an assistant professor in the Department of Technology Systems at East Carolina

Conference Session

ASCE Liasion Committee Presents: All Things ASCE

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

community where students learned about and practice sustainability. Bielefeldt served on the ASCE Body of Knowledge 3 committee and the Program Criteria Task Committee. Bielefeldt is a licensed P.E. Professor Bielefeldt’s research interests in engineering education include community engagement, sustainable engineering, so- cial responsibility, ethics, and diversity. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Future World Vision integrated into a First-Year Civil Engineering CourseAbstractCivil engineering (CE) has faced stagnant or declining enrollments in recent years, in contrast tomajors such as mechanical engineering that have been increasing

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Division (ETD) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmen Cioc, The University of Toledo; Sorin Cioc; Noela A. Haughton, The University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division (ETD)

applications, three guest speakers were invited. All three were able to participate duringthe spring 2022 semester, while only one could attend during fall 2022 semester. Their talkswere related to entrepreneurship and innovation, ethics, HVAC systems, and economics ofheating and cooling.Examples of Problem-Based and Project-Based Learning Exercises with EML component(s)Pump Storage Hydropower (Project #1)The students were asked to design and select a pump, part of a hydropower storage system, ableto meet some specific parameters, such as flow rate, elevation differential between the tworeservoirs, and configuration, including suction and discharge pipeline, number of fittings, typeof valves, etc. [6]. They were asked to either work alone or as part

Collection

2022 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

sunil Dehipawala, City University of New York, Queensborough Community College; Harsha Rajapakse, Medgar Evers College, CUNY ; Breeya Evans; Tak Cheung

innovations, collaborative studies, entrepreneurship, intellectual and ethical responsibility, and service to the scientific, national, and international communities.Breeya EvansProf. Tak Cheung Tak David Cheung, Ph.D., professor of physics, teaches in CUNY Queensborough Community College. He also conducts research and mentors student research projects. American c Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Absorption and distribution of Arsenic by plants & role of soil conditions Sunil Dehipawala1, Breeya Skye1, Tak D, Chung1, Harsha Rajapakse2 1. Physics Department, Queensborough Community College CUNY,Bayside NY 11364 2

Conference Session

Technical Session M5C

Collection

2022 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

William C. Oakes, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Srinivas Mohan Dustker, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Full Papers

, however, could not be satisfied across all project so a newcourse, “EPICS LC Course”, was created. It covers the outcomes related to computing skills andawareness of the engineering disciplines. Some topics, such as ethics and teaming, were alsocovered by the new course as well as EPICS. The sequence is shown in Table 2.Table 2: First Year Sequence, Standard and Learning Community Fall Semester (credits) Spring Semester (credits) Standard Core Introductory Engineering I (2) Introductory Engineering II (2) LC EPICS LC Course (2) EPICS course (1) Sequence EPICS Course(1)Because the new course was unique to the LC, it could

Conference Session

Curriculum Development 2

Collection

ASEE Southeast Section Conference

Authors

Basel Alsayyed, Western Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Professional Engineering Education Papers

give students a baseline that can be utilizedas a reference to gauge and govern their sought knowledge from the internet. 1) Math basics: depending on the engineering discipline, one course for pre-calculus or calculus. 2) Science basics: depending on the engineering discipline, one course for chemistry, physics, and or biology. 3) Introduction to engineering: combine aspects of engineering principles, ethics, and other related topics in one course. 4) Statics, dynamics and strength of materials combined in one course 5) Design process and geometric modeling combined in one course 6) Statistics. 7) Project management principles 8) Engineering economic analysis © American Society for