Collection

2020 Fall ASEE Mid-Atlantic Section Meeting

Authors

Johannes Weickenmeier, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

showed examples of scientific writing in preparation of defining the student’s own reports. - Peer Review Process: Peer Review is a fundamental part of any rigorous scientific process. In the workshop, we present how to assess the strengths and weaknesses of a publication with respect to properly defining the work’s objectives, the suitability of their methods, the representation of their results, and the validity of their discussion and conclusion points. We outline the impact of a supportive feedback culture in the scientific community and the relevance of considerate and inquisitive review of the work of peers.We conducted a total of four breakout sessions, 15 minutes each, and 3 students per room. In thefirst breakout room, each

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stephany Coffman-Wolph, Ohio Northern University; Kimberlyn Gray, West Virginia University Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

data for a planned multiple semester longer term project.This paper contains (1) motivation and goals for this work, (2) outcomes and learning objectives,(3) instructions on how to design this kind of assignment, (4) the video assignment write up, (5)the rubric for the video, (6) the rubric for peer feedback, and (7) the rubric for reflection. Thispaper focuses on the structure and instruments used during the course.About the CourseArtificial Intelligence (AI) is being used to tackle more and more of the real-world problemsaround us. EECS 4901 Special Topics: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence will introducestudents to the fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence (AI). During this course students will lookat various problems being solved

Conference Session

Stories, Communication, and Convergence in Engineering Education

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer C. Mallette, Boise State University; Harold Ackler P.E., Boise State University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

) Carnegie Mellon’s Global Communication Center, which has been moved to be partof their larger Student Academic Success Center [10].Other engineering programs might partner with English, technical communication, writingstudies, and/or communication programs to call on writing and teaching expertise. A moreminimal partnership might involve pairing engineering students with technical communicationediting students [11]. Alternately, some approaches involve creating cross-disciplinary teams tocollaborate on client-based projects, thus offering students the opportunity to learn from peers ina range of disciplines while working for a real client to solve a specific, real-world problem [7].These partnerships can involve an instructor based in a technical

Conference Session

Accreditation and Assessment in SE Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Janet E. Burge, Miami University; Paul V. Anderson, Miami University, Ohio; Michael Carter, North Carolina State University; Gerald C. Gannod, Miami University; Mladen A. Vouk, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

pts if some points are missing, 3 pts if the overall summary is missing or if some peer evaluation comments are not given a thoughtful response, 0 otherwise. In addition, significant point reductions may occur if any of the following are detected: 1. Use of any graphics, pictures, text without appropriate citations (the source MUST be given for any graphics used, etc.) 2. Lack of sensitivity towards the clients using the project 3. Inappropriate responses to audience questions5.3 Instructor supportsThe August 2010 workshop contained four sessions on teaching each of the fourcommunication skills—reading, writing, speaking, and teaming. These were designed tohelp project

Collection

2022 ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference

Authors

M. Austin Creasy, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)

product of a team effort. A grading scheme has been developed, over several yearsof capstone courses, that assists in grading the individual student relative to the team’ssuccess on the project and the individual team member’s contributions as assessed bythe team. This process uses a variety of survey questions related to the project whereeach team member rates themselves and their peers over a 10-point scale. Stipulationsare placed on the rating to ensure that students provide a range in the assessment forthe group members. The survey scores are normalized using the z-score in an attemptto remove individual grading variances between each team member. Each student’sindividual grade is calculated from the team average grade, as assessed by

Collection

2018 ASEE Conferences - Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration / San Antonio proceedings

Authors

Frederick Berry; Anne Lucietto; Andrew Scott

in 2003 through the development of an instrument focused on peer and self-assessmentcalled the Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness. The system enhancesteam development by creating accountability and feedback for team members, suggesting thatteam members and instructors have a positive team learning experience.Capstone Courses – Multi Institutional Collaboration. The previous work by the multi-institutional collaboration identifies the current work done in many capstone courses includingthose factors that are measureable1. Those measurable factors3 are included in CATME, thus theauthors have chosen to use note taking 4, filing 5, goal setting6,7, and other reflective open ended Proceedings of the 2018

Conference Session

Graduate Student Support

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael A. Matthews P.E., University of South Carolina; Darin Freeburg, University of South Carolina; Kevin Brock, University of South Carolina; Gina M. Kunz P.h.D., University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

research results. The final project is a substantive draft of a manuscriptsubmission or other major writing product. Students typically begin submitting drafts of theirfinal project by mid-term.As with Course 1, assignments are submitted via BlackBoard so that the class can view,comment, and discuss the work of their peers. Drafts are generated with critical thinking prompts(analogous to those illustrated in Table 2 for Course 1). A given assignment is intended to resultin only a very few pages of writing; assignments are designed to accumulate, leading ultimatelyto the final term project. The textbook currently used for Course 2 is “Writing Science: How toWrite Papers that Get Cited and Proposals that Get Funded” [18]. We have found that this

Conference Session

ChE: Innovations in Student Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Danial Hohne, University of Michigan; Leeann Fu, University of Michigan; Barry Barkel, University of Michigan; Peter Woolf, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

12.1485.6 Figure 1: Writing process for wiki articles.After the presentation, student reviewers would submit anonymous peer reviews of the article.These reviews were given in standard form asking the reviewer to provide key points, majordifficulties with the article and specific improvements needed. The reviews were then compiledand given to the authors for rebuttal. One week after the initial review of the article, the rebuttalswere given to the reviewers who then submitted final reviews based on the edits completed bythe initial authors. The authors are assigned grades from the reviewers based on their work andreviewers are also graded on the quality of their reviews. One benefit of the wiki format is thatall reviews

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Horstman, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Danielle Jamie Mai, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Yanfen Li, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; Rohit Bhargava, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

groups found them to be the most valuable aspects of the program.Pace. iFEAT was designed to be a multi-month program to allow time for writing of applicationmaterials, specifically cover letters, teaching statements, and research statements. Seminars orpanels were held approximately every three weeks, with peer-review groups convening betweenthe scheduled events. Programming began in late October, and the three aforementioneddocuments were to be drafted by mid-January, allowing approximately 2.5 months for draftingthese documents. The program structure dictated when certain application materials should bedone, although there was no particular reason that the seminars were to be done in the chosenorder. Applicants were asked to rank the pace

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 8: Professional Development for Graduate Students

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Marie Reck, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Yanfen Li, University of Massachusetts Lowell; Shanna Rose Thompson, University of Massachusetts Lowell; Nicole Danielle Jackson, Sandia National Laboratories; Shweta Dabetwar

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies Division (GSD)

. Inrecent years, programs such as Michigan’s NextProf workshop and CU Boulder’s ACTIVEFaculty Development and Leadership Intensive, have emerged that bring together Ph.D. studentsand postdocs to network with peers as well as meet and learn from faculty at host institutionsregarding the job search. Any review of faculty application materials happens briefly duringthese events, which does not allow scaffolding for the participants or application materialrevision opportunities. Other programs focus their preparation on certain types of institutions(e.g., Stanford’s Preparing Future Professors and predominantly undergraduate institutions),disciplines (e.g., Rising Stars in Mechanical Engineering and the University of Chicago’s FutureFaculty Conference

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Approaches to Ethics Education (Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cortney Holles, Colorado School of Mines

[16]. Matusovich et al. found that half of engineeringinstructors believed that communication skills were taught by someone else [17]. Integratingwriting in several engineering courses and giving students exposure to writing tasks throughouttheir time in college is ideal, but this can be difficult to achieve [16]. Leydens advocates forteaching sociotechnical communication in opposition to the notion that engineering writing isneutral or objective [18]. House, et al. showed evidence that assigning writing portfolios,integrating writing into several courses, and using rubrics and peer review are effective methodsfor teaching writing in engineering [19].The curriculum for writing instruction can also range from technical, discipline-based

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation in Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Regina Hannemann, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

paperintends to show a set of report outlines along with evaluation tools and rubrics used in a one-semester senior design capstone course.The author of this paper has taught the senior design capstone course in Electrical and ComputerEngineering at the University of Kentucky for several years. During this time a set of reportingoutlines for the students were developed. The course is offered as a one-semester class and thestudents need to write a proposal, a midterm executive summary, and a final report. For all ofthese reports the students are given an outline to follow. The students also need to hand inself/peer evaluations three times per semester. These self/peer evaluations have been adaptedfrom different self/peer evaluations found on the

Conference Session

Supporting the Capstone Experience

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nathan Miner, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Aliye Karabulut Ilgu, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Jennifer S. Shane, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Katherine Madson, Iowa State University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

the semester. After each team-based project was completed, thestudents were also asked to evaluate themselves and their team member’s teamwork skills.Preliminary analysis of the data showed that students had relatively high pre-semester teamworkconfidence. Students rated themselves lower than their peers on the first evaluation, however,peer evaluation ratings decreased throughout the semester while self-evaluation ratings remainedrelatively constant.IntroductionTraditional classrooms are often structured in a way in which students take notes and listen tolectures during class time and are assigned individual homework assignments to be completedoutside of class. This style allows students to passively take in information, though

Conference Session

Launching Successful Academic Careers

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

structure / idea presentation strategy and because what reviewers lookfor evolves over time. Further, each agency has their own emphasis / desired presentation of theproposed project. Basically, to continue to secure funding, a person has to continually seekfunding and continually learn how to best accomplish that task.#4: Don’t attempt to plan research / write in a vacuumThe best way to learn and the quickest way to transition from unfunded proposals to fundedproposals is to get feedback and help. It’s true that trial and error learning is not the mostefficient, but peer-review mechanisms dictate this. Most new faculty are acutely aware that theyhave a fixed timeline to attain funding, but shouldn’t let this hinder their learning. Any givenidea

Conference Session

Computers in Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thalia Anagnos, San Jose State University; Alicia L. Lyman-Holt, Oregon State University; Sean P. Brophy, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

memo and Gantt chart, a graduate school statement of purpose, a draft poster, anda draft final report. The assignments serve two purposes: developing skills such as how to createa poster or write a literature review, and keeping the projects on schedule so that all students arefully prepared to present at the Young Researchers Symposium. Page 25.1493.6After deliverables are posted, students are required to review and comment on the work of atleast two of their peers that are not based at their research site. The CMS provides a threadeddiscussion linked to each deliverable. All students can browse each other’s work and leavequestions and

Conference Session

Documenting Success

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Steven Mickelson

university grant that funds much of our learning community initiative.Notably, our assessment program is approved through our university human subjectscommittee. Following the discussion of our assessment methods, we will present thefindings from our research regarding the student participants.Assessment MethodsBoth quantitative and qualitative assessment methods have been used for data collection.Specifically, we have gathered information through student records (retention, gradepoint, academic progress), student and peer mentor surveys, student and peer mentorfocus groups, and student writing samples.‡ First-year composition courses are frequently taught by graduate students or by adjunct staff, which has

Conference Session

Data Analytics in Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew A. Verleger, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

focus on how the data was obtained and prepared, how the different algorithmswere utilized, how the algorithms performed in the classification tests, what the results indicateabout our implementation of MEAs and how the results will be informing the next stages of theresearch project.Introduction    Peer  review  is  a  cornerstone  of  the  modern  scientific  process.    It  is  meant  to  act  as  a  gateway,  allowing  good  research  through,  while  filtering  out  junk  science;  to  separate  the  wheat  from  the  proverbial  chaff.    Yet  many  scientists,  academics,  and  even  the  US  Supreme  Court  agree  that  peer  review,  while  essential  to  the  scientific  process,  is  far  from  a  perfect  system1.  The  problem

Conference Session

Innovative Courses/Pedagogies in Liberal Education I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyle Simmons, University of Utah; Susan Sample, University of Utah; April Kedrowicz, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

we consider the SPIRAL curriculum that hasbeen implemented. ME 1000 is the first of a four-semester sequence where students will beworking in groups and applying teamwork skills to their engineering, oral communication, andwriting assignments. The fact that students interpreted the instruction as meaningfully relevantand also noticed an improvement in proficiency lends itself nicely to the next step in the SPIRALsequence. We are hopeful that students’ perceptions of writing and speaking instruction willimprove in future semesters, due to their appreciation for effective teamwork to both engineeringand communication practices.Peer EvaluationsA review of students’ peer evaluation memos provides additional insight into their experienceswith

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joanna Wolfe, Carnegie Mellon University; Jaime Allen Fawcett, Carnegie Mellon University; Elizabeth A. Powell, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Paper ID #12741Help Seeking Among Undergraduate Men and Women in EngineeringDr. Joanna Wolfe, Carnegie Mellon UniversityJaime Allen Fawcett, Carnegie Mellon University Jaime Allen Fawcett recently completed her undergraduate studies at Carnegie Mellon University in De- cember 2014 where she received a degree in Professional Writing and an additional degree in Creative Writing. Her research interests include pedagogical practices, educational policy and cultural attitudes that influence learning and development for students with specific learning disabilities.Dr. Beth A Powell, Tennessee Technological University

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 3: Best of ELOS

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dave Kim, Washington State University-Vancouver; John Lynch, Washington State University; Pavel Pisarchuk, Washington State University; Allegra Bryant; Danielle Gedlick, Washington State University; Terry Sjolander, Washington State University

laboratory courses. Dr. Kim and his collaborators attracted close to $1M research grants to study writing transfer of engineering undergraduates. For the technical research, he has a long-standing involvement in research concerned with manufacturing of advanced composite materials (CFRP/titanium stack, GFRP, nanocomposites, etc.) for automotive, marine, and aerospace applications. His recent research efforts have also included the fatigue behavior of manufactured products, with the focus of fatigue strength improvement of aerospace, automotive, and rail structures. He has been the author or co-author of over 200 peer-reviewed papers in these areas.John D Lynch John Lynch received the BSEE degree from the University of Utah in

Conference Session

First-year Programs Division: Retention

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maryam Darbeheshti, University of Colorado, Denver; Dakota Ryan Edmonds, University of Colorado, Denver

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

,students covered topics such as purposeful writing, revision and writing process, argument andanalysis, critical reading, research and technology, and multimodality. The course also utilizedthe book Writing in Engineering: A Brief Guide by Robert Irish for student reference. This bookgives guidelines for writing in engineering and was chosen because it was easy for students tounderstand and apply concepts from it. The assignments in the course were broken up into stepsfor the students which included a rough draft process with peer revisions. The ENGL 1020course also allowed students to get support for the research paper they wrote in the ENGR 1208course. Students peer reviewed their research papers in the ENGL 1020 course with the guidanceof the

Conference Session

Graduate Student Support

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hoda Ehsan, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Matilde Luz Sanchez-Pena, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Hossein EbrahimNejad, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Hassan Ali Al Yagoub, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

difficulties are not inclusive to them and may be shared by native speakers ofsimilar academic backgrounds. One of us mentioned how he restricted his communications withhis peers and faculty due to his internal belief of the existence of a linguistic barrier.Language Language was the second inquiry subject that we examined. We agreed that language hasmainly influenced us in three ways: (1) Interpersonal Communications, (2) Reading and (3)Writing. While reflecting on our experiences, we identified challenges that were common to allof us. Here we share these challenges and describe different ways we have overcome them.Besides, we provide suggestions to support others experiencing these challenges based on howwe wished these challenges were

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in BME

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Willits, Saint Louis University; David Barnett, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

club (or how to find and read a research article), discussions on laboratory etiquette andresearch ethics. Participants were then integrated into their research mentors laboratory, andspent eight weeks on a research project. The program has two Peer Mentors, who areundergraduates with research experience, that live with the students and participate in theresearch project. The mentors are also responsible for additional social and academic activitiesduring nights and weekends. This paper describes the program, evaluations and critiques fromthe first year (from both research mentors and participants), as well as the challenges andopportunities the program presents to future “Research Experience for Undergraduates”programs. Surveys will continue

Conference Session

M3C: Mentoring into the profession

Collection

2019 FYEE Conference

Authors

Roger J Marino P.E., Drexel University; Rosie Sullivan, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Dionne Gordon-Starks, College of Engineering, Drexel University

Tagged Topics

FYEE Conference - Paper Submission

attend an event on campusand write about their experience at the event. The reflection paper included the requirement toelucidate how attending the event may help the student to build their network at the University.In addition to this assignment, course instructors were focused on building in additional groupactivities and in-class assignments that encouraged students to share ideas with peers, thusbuilding their in-class peer network. A final group project was replaced with a final reflectionpaper.undeclared studentsThe greatest adjustment to the delivery of this course was the increased focus on supportingUndeclared Engineering students. During AY 1718 Undeclared Engineering students wereintegrated into sections that were major-specific. The

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renee M Clark, University of Pittsburgh; Matthew Allan Moss, University of South Florida; Autar Kaw, University of South Florida; Rasim Guldiken, University of South Florida

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

“surroundings” in an engineeringclassroom. We posed an open-ended reflection question to engineering undergraduates at a largeUS university about their classroom surroundings and its impact on their learning andcomprehension. The reflection prompt defined surroundings as the “conditions and objects thatsurround you.” This reflection question was part of an NSF-funded study on the use of weeklyreflection in a flipped fluid mechanics course to drive metacognitive development and lifelonglearning skills. During class, students were encouraged to collaborate with their peers duringproblem solving to achieve collective understanding and interact with the instructor. Based on aninductive, emergent content analysis of the reflection data with two analysts, we

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renee M Clark, University of Pittsburgh; Autar Kaw, University of South Florida; Rasim Guldiken, University of South Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

university about their classroom surroundings and its impact on their learning andcomprehension. The reflection prompt defined surroundings as the “conditions and objects thatsurround you.” This reflection question was part of an NSF-funded study on the use of weeklyreflection in a flipped fluid mechanics course to drive metacognitive development and lifelonglearning skills. During class, students were encouraged to collaborate with their peers duringproblem solving to achieve collective understanding and interact with the instructor. Based on aninductive, emergent content analysis of the reflection data with two analysts, we obtained anunexpected result. Specifically, the most-frequently mentioned positive classroom “surroundings”was “peers” (46

Conference Session

Trends and Applications in Curricula and the Capstone Experience

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tonya Lynn Nilsson P.E., Santa Clara University; Kevin D. Hall, University of Arkansas; Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

culminating designexperience. Associated questions include:  Do most schools use rubrics for assessment? Are peer and industry assessments likely to have a greater weight in the overall student grade if rubrics are used?  Does the design team size affect content taught and/or assessed in the course?  What does it mean to “involve” an industry mentor? Does the use of industry mentors influence the project types, assessment, grading practices, or use of rubrics?  Does the school type: Ph.D. granting, Undergraduate and Masters (UM), or Undergraduate Only (UO), affect the design experience?Rubrics and Project AssessmentRubrics have become a common tool in assessment3 and much has been covered

Conference Session

Communication and Professional Skills in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe Tranquillo; Daniel Cavanagh, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

“writer” for every assignment. It should benoted that groups naturally lend themselves to peer assessment of writing as a mechanismfor revision. A slight twist on group assignments was used in BMEG 401 to highlight thechallenges of group communication. The entire class (13 students) was challenged tocreate a single graphic and present it in class, to the instructor, 48 hours later. The resultsof this exercise were used to motivate a discussion of large group dynamics andmanagement.The Importance of AudienceFor all assignments it is important that students consider their audience. Most of theirlives, students have been satisfying an instructor who will use their communications toassign a grade. It is the perpetuation of this format that leads to

Conference Session

Technology, Communications & Ethics

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Christopher Long

system of distributed cognition.Small groups provide an optimal environment for peers, near peer mentors, and communicationsfaculty to interact through various modes of communicating. Speaking, writing, drawing,gesture, computer programs, etc. mediate individuals’ construction of knowledge. At the sametime, these media represent knowledge externally for others, who can both provide feedback anduse it in their own knowledge constructions. The process of constructing knowledge is enhancedby expert guidance and feedback as the learners work on increasingly challenging aspects of theresearch projects they are involved in with their research advisors. What learners can do initiallywith guidance from a more knowledgeable member of the discipline they

Conference Session

Teamwork and Assessment

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Heather Sheardown; Donald Woods

Chemical Engineering Division: Assessment of Teams, 3513 paper 832 An Approach to developing Student=s skill in Self Assessment Donald R. Woods and Heather D. Sheardown Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton ON L8S 4L7Abstract: Self and peer assessment can be vital parts to any team assessment. Theassessment can be of the overall team or of the performance of team members.Assessment is a judgment as to the degree to which a goal has been achieved. Instudent self assessment, the judgment is made by the student. In this paper the fiveprinciples of assessment are summarized. Assessment is about performance notworth; is based on evidence not intuition