Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development for K12 Teachers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brant Miller, University Of Minnesota; Tamara Moore, University Of Minnesota

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

.Overview of SDSM&T RET ProgramThe main objective of the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSM&T) ResearchExperience for Teachers (RET) Site: “Inspiring Educators in Rural America through Research”is to provide an authentic research experience to practicing middle and high school science, math,and technology teachers. As an outcome of the research experience, the teachers take back totheir classroom newly acquired experiences, knowledge, and demonstrations which they willreadily share with their students. The objectives of the SDSM&T RET Site are: 1. to provide ten (10) sixth through twelfth grade teachers (RET Research Assistants) the opportunity to work side-by-side with undergraduate students, graduate students

Conference Session

Gender & Minority Issues in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karla Korpela, Michigan Technological University; Shalini Suryanarayana, Michigan Technological University; Christine Anderson, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Page 13.1318.12 • provide advice concerning resources (people, potential partnerships, and funds) for Educational Opportunity programs • provide direction in the development and improvement of the Department’s precollege career explorations • recommend improvements in advertising and marketing strategies for Department programs • provide advice for fine tuning Educational Opportunity business processes The greatest impact the Board has had is in its very presence on campus. It aggressivelyquestions staff, faculty, students and the upper administration about our commitment to diversity.The Board is an advocate that consistently reminds our fairly isolated campus that we must be adiverse university and that we

Conference Session

Programming for Engineering Students II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Craig, North Carolina State University; Lisa Bullard, North Carolina State University; Jeff Joines, North Carolina State University; Tom Miller, North Carolina State University; Carolyn Miller, North Carolina State University; Dianne Raubenheimer; George Rouskas, North Carolina State University; Larry Silverberg, North Carolina State University; Eric Wiebe, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

disciplines to participate in the community during the second year of the project.Participants will commit to attending two 2-hour sessions per month and to integrate computinginto one of their courses by developing an assignment, lecture, in-class exercise, or etc. Anindustry panel, comprised of a new set of 4-6 representatives, will be formed each semester andwill be asked to attend at least one session per month. The graduate student assistant trainedduring the planning phase will be available to provide personal attention to faculty participants toaid in executing the ideas generated and for assistance in developing relevant assessmentmeasures. The semester will culminate with a poster session and/or some form of disseminationof information to

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Atman, University of Washington; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Karl Smith, University of Minnesota; Reed Stevens, University of Washington; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University; Christine Loucks-Jaret, University of Washington; Dennis Lund, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

that examination is to see howwell students are able to make informed decisions to stay or go in their study of engineering.Students need a welcoming environment that gives them the information they need, and theyneed learning experiences that will enable them to build their engineering knowledge andidentity as an engineer with the skills needed to succeed in the global engineering work world.Our data show that often the undergraduate experience differs greatly for different groups suchas men, women, and underrepresented minorities. The engineering education community,whether policy-makers, faculty, or researchers, must not only recognize the wide variety ofstudent pathways to an engineering degree but also encourage and support these multiple

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education Initiatives

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lauren Alexander, IAESTE United States; Cheryl Matherly, University of Tulsa; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

International

Page 13.795.5report on a particular industry. Plus3 students also interact with local students, hear guestlectures from host universities and make several cultural visits while in the host country. Eachtrip is led by either an Engineering or Business faculty member accompanied by a support staff from Engineering, the College of Business Administration or the University Center for International Studies (UCIS). Plus3 aims to cultivate interest in foreign language study

Conference Session

Design: Content and Context

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine B. Masters, Pennsylvania State University; Mieke Schuurman, Pennsylvania State University; Gül Okudan, Pennsylvania State University; Samuel T Hunter, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, universities have responded to thesechallenges by adding more design content and introducing more open-ended design problemsinto their engineering curricula. Articles discussing the guarded success of these initiatives haveappeared in nearly every issue of the Journal of Engineering Education and the InternationalJournal of Engineering Education over the last 10 years. Yet the need to increase the creativepotential of graduates still persists.11 In fact, our preliminary results confirm this.Recognizing that other factors play a role as well, studies have documented (1) that peoplewhose personality types indicate high levels of creative potential are leaving engineering athigher rates than the student body average and (2) faculty teaching methods lean

Conference Session

Assessing Design Coursework

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcia Friesen, University of Manitoba

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

practice, inwhich ‘design’ denotes the systematic selection and articulation of components into an overallsystem. An example may be the typical design of the components of a commercial heating andventilation system, the design of the structural members of a building, or the design of hardwareand software components for a given functionality. Although each scenario allows for a numberof acceptable designs, early-career engineers are generally acculturated into a professionalpractice environment in which a ‘right answer’ or ‘best answer’ is defined based on establisheddesign codes and standards, engineering precedent, and business practices related to maintainingprofitability of the design endeavour.Finally, many design engineers express frustration

Conference Session

Improving Technical Understanding of All Americans

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kara Harris, College of Technology - Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

categories ofabsolutely no influence, somewhat influenced, highly influenced and strongly influenced. The researcher used the Industrial Teacher Education Directory (2007) to select thesample population. The researcher contacted (via telephone) faculty working in ETTEprograms at all universities in the Industrial Teacher Education Directory (2007) toinform them of the research project and to ask for their participation by administering thesurvey instruments to their ETTE students. Of the universities listed in the directory theresearcher was able to make contact with a faculty member at 52 universities—the ETTEstudents at these universities were used as the sample population. A packet was thenmailed in October of 2007 to each university and

Conference Session

Continuous Improvement & Assessment of ET Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Chin, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

students make informed decisions about education, training, career choices, andwork. Its existence is realized by a database that contains information on hundreds ofstandardized and occupation-specific descriptors.Key to O*NET’s effectiveness is the O*NET database. The database, which is available to thepublic at no cost, is continually updated by surveying a broad range of workers from eachoccupation. Information from this database forms the heart of O*NET OnLine,4 an interactiveapplication for exploring and searching occupations.Standard Occupational ClassificationEmbedded in O*NET are Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes, which is one of themeans by which O*NET users negotiate the O*NET database. The SOC system is used byfederal

Conference Session

FPD9 - First Year Learning & Assessment

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jim Chamberlain, Clemson University; Lisa Benson, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Getting Students on the Right Track: Exit Surveys and Levels of Awareness in First Year Engineering StudentsAbstractThe goals of a first year engineering program are to both provide students with a soundacademic preparation for engineering study, and to allow them to explore variousengineering disciplines. Through academic advising and career counseling, our programhelps students discover the career path that is right for them. We find that about 30% ofstudents choose to leave engineering by the end of their first year of study. Thesestudents voluntarily complete an Exit Survey, which includes questions on their level ofcertainty upon entering the program, people with whom the decision to leave

Conference Session

SPECIAL SESSION: Describing the Engineering Student Learning Experience Based on CAEE Findings: Part 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mia Clark, Stanford University; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Cynthia Atman, University of Washington; Ronald Miller, Colorado School of Mines; Ruth Streveler, Purdue University; Reed Stevens, University of Washington; Karl Smith, University of Minnesota

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

for sharing their stories were favoredfor the open-ended, semi-structured interviews administered to the medium and high contactgroups. This approach was taken in order to produce a wide and rich array of personal stories.Another consideration when making group assignments was the researchers' judgment ofwhether the students were likely to stay in engineering (and the study itself) for the duration oftheir undergraduate careers. In order to achieve the goal of studying engineering studentpathways, it was important to have a large majority of participants graduate with an engineeringdegree.At the beginning of Year 2, 18 new participants were added as replacements for participants wholeft the study in the first year. All of these participants

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Three

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Collins, J.P. Morgan Chase; Gerard Lennon, Lehigh University; John Ochs, Lehigh University; Richard Weisman, Lehigh University; Vincent Munley, Lehigh University; Joseph Sterrett, Lehigh University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

) Page 13.31.7students are partnered with outside firms and asked to explore and analyze a particularalternative or option for the firm. While this process may give students more focus and anidea of what is expected from them it can also stifle creativity. The ILE course empowersits students by leaving all the decisions up to them but relies on the judgment of itsadvisors to oversee this process and intervene when necessary.It is extremely important that the advisors have a good working relationship with otheruniversity faculty and staff, because the student teams meet with many differentuniversity staff members to research their projects. In some cases it was difficult toarrange meetings with staff members who are busy. Advisors with strong

Conference Session

Sustainability in Construction Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yong Han Ahn; Hyuksoo Kwon; Annie Pearce; John G. Wells

Tagged Divisions

Construction

course, organizing the chosen contents of the course, and planning the course schedule. Atthe improvement stage, the proposed course is improved, reviewed and evaluated by expertsfrom both the construction industry and academia through an in-depth feedback process. Fromthis systematically developed sustainable construction course, students in construction programscan learn basic knowledge of sustainability and the importance of sustainable design andconstruction. They will be exposed to different sustainable building rating systems such asLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), collaborative skills amongconstruction participants and the advantages and pitfalls of sustainable construction. In addition,these sustainable construction

Conference Session

Money and People; Resource Management for Recruitment and Retention

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra Lasich, Colorado School of Mines; Candace Sulzbach, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

in1978. Starting with just a few students, it has grown to over 360 members and is the 3rdlargest section in the nation. In the fall of 2002, the new Society of Women Engineers(SWE) faculty advisor and the Executive Director for the Women in Science,Engineering and Mathematics (WISEM) Program recognized that the organization couldbe a vital resource in recruiting and retaining female students at CSM. They beganworking on developing partnerships with decision makers and key personnel in the areasof Academic Affairs, Student Affairs, Admissions, Career Services, InstitutionalAdvancement and the Engineering Division. By doing so, they were able to secure boththe institutional commitment and the financial resources needed to provide prospectiveand

Conference Session

Engineering Accreditation Around the World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Wolfe, Engineers Canada; Phil Alexander, University of Windsor

Tagged Divisions

International

Page 13.1265.3examines the academic and professional quality of faculty and support staff, adequacy oflaboratories, libraries, equipment and computer facilities, and the quality of the students’ work.A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the curriculum content is performed to ensure that itmeets the minimum criteria. Finally, the team reports its findings to the CEAB which then makesan accreditation decision. It may grant (or extend) accreditation of a program for a period of upto six years or it may deny accreditation altogether.Preparation for an accreditation visit centres on the completion of the questionnaire. Thequestionnaire serves as a means for collecting data on the institution and its engineeringprogram(s) and gives the

Collection

2008 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Elif Kongar; Paul Kontogiorgis; Nancy L. Russo; Tarek Sobh

byYildiz Technical University till February 2006. Dr. Kongar is currently an Assistant Professor at BridgeportUniversity. Her research interests include the areas of supply chain management, logistics, environmentallyconscious manufacturing, product recovery, disassembly systems, production planning and scheduling and multiplecriteria decision making.Dr. Tarek M. Sobh received the B.Sc. in Engineering degree with honors in Computer Science and AutomaticControl from the Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Egypt in 1988, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees inComputer and Information Science from the School of Engineering, University of Pennsylvania in 1989 and 1991,respectively. He is currently the Vice President for Graduate Studies and Research

Collection

2008 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Elif Kongar; Paul Kontogiorgis; Nancy L. Russo; Tarek Sobh

byYildiz Technical University till February 2006. Dr. Kongar is currently an Assistant Professor at BridgeportUniversity. Her research interests include the areas of supply chain management, logistics, environmentallyconscious manufacturing, product recovery, disassembly systems, production planning and scheduling and multiplecriteria decision making.Dr. Tarek M. Sobh received the B.Sc. in Engineering degree with honors in Computer Science and AutomaticControl from the Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Egypt in 1988, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees inComputer and Information Science from the School of Engineering, University of Pennsylvania in 1989 and 1991,respectively. He is currently the Vice President for Graduate Studies and Research

Collection

2008 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Elif Kongar; Paul Kontogiorgis; Nancy L. Russo; Tarek Sobh

byYildiz Technical University till February 2006. Dr. Kongar is currently an Assistant Professor at BridgeportUniversity. Her research interests include the areas of supply chain management, logistics, environmentallyconscious manufacturing, product recovery, disassembly systems, production planning and scheduling and multiplecriteria decision making.Dr. Tarek M. Sobh received the B.Sc. in Engineering degree with honors in Computer Science and AutomaticControl from the Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Egypt in 1988, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees inComputer and Information Science from the School of Engineering, University of Pennsylvania in 1989 and 1991,respectively. He is currently the Vice President for Graduate Studies and Research

Conference Session

Successful K-12 Programs for Girls & Minorities

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Tolley, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Deborah Sharer, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Anthony Brizendine, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Michael Phillips, Department of Engineering Technology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Adam Harris

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Carolina at Charlotte(UNC Charlotte), the National Science Foundation, and local partners. NCJETS involves over 30middle and high schools from seven counties. The purpose of the program is to engage studentsin educational, interesting, and challenging activities that: (1) introduce them to variousdisciplines and career opportunities afforded by the engineering profession; (2) inform themabout two- and four-year college admission requirements and actions they need to ensure theireligibility for admission; and (3) establish a sense of community with Lee College students andfaculty prior to their graduation from high school. Week-long resident summer camps areprovided for middle and high school students, where the high school students receive a

Conference Session

Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in Manufacturing Education 1

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacqueline Isaacs, Northeastern University; Jay Laird, Metaversal Studios; Seth Sivak, Carnegie Mellon University; Mark Sivak, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Teach Environmentally Benign ManufacturingAbstractOver the past decade, both massively multiplayer games and simulation games have reached newlevels of sophistication and retained enormous mainstream audiences. Developments in digitaltechnology allow new opportunities to engage students in collaborative and active learning. Thedesire to address complex technological and social issues in an engaged manner inspired thedevelopment of a prototype board game created to raise the awareness of environmental issues inengineering. Designed for in-class play by undergraduate and graduate engineering students aswell as business students, the game structure is based on team competition of companies in theautomobile supply chain; the game objectives are to

Conference Session

Focus on Emerging Topics Around the World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Bursic, University of Pittsburgh; Kim Needy, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

in any department at the school. The IEDepartment is leading an effort to ensure that all of its graduates have an internationalexperience.Discussion amongst the IE faculty at Pitt regarding implementing the international requirementhas been ongoing for well over two years. We wanted to go beyond simply requiring students totake international or global coursework. We believe that the best way to ensure that ourgraduates are prepared for the global market, have a basic understanding of global and culturalissues, and can utilize this understanding in an engineering context is to require an internationaltravel experience. However, there were clearly some serious issues and obstacles to considerbefore proceeding with such a requirement.A survey

Conference Session

FPD2 - First-Year Advising and Transition

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kate Baxter, University of Southern California; Louise Yates, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

whomight be at risk and work with them in determining ways they can become more successfulstudents. The Academic Success Workshop Series that is offered as part of this programincludes topics such as time management, networking with faculty and a career educationcomponent. In addition, there is an academic resource center that provides peer tutoring,supplemental instruction for key gatekeeper courses and a resource library.Freshmen Academy ProgramIn most engineering curricula, students spend the first two years in core classes such as math,physics, computer programming and foundational engineering courses. Research has shown thatearly academic engagement directly impacts the freshmen experience and can significantlyincrease freshmen retention. As

Conference Session

FPD10 - Freshman Engineering Introduction to Design

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Montgomery, University of Michigan; Rodney Johnson, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

completed), 2 (Strong team member, got own work done and helped others when requested), 1(Completed own work only), 0 (Not a team player, seldom showed up to scheduled meetings, unprepared, or brought a negative attitude to team)Students are instructed that they will encounter this peer review process in their careers, so that itis important that they learn how to provide feedback professionally and diplomatically, and alsoto receive and learn from feedback. Each student receives copies of all evaluations about them,with the name of the evaluator kept private. These evaluations help strong team members feelappreciated for their efforts, and give weaker members an opportunity to improve theirperformance. Teaching staff review all peer

Conference Session

Creative Engagement and Developmental Tutoring Method

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Walden, University of Oklahoma; Cindy Foor, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

while still in HS; ‚ Transitional-type (TT): classes taken for college credit at a community or junior college or vocational-technical school sometime after HS graduation and before enrollment at our institution, including students starting over after an academic break or enrollment at a different four-year school; ‚ University concurrent (UC): classes taken for college credit at a community, junior, or other four-year college or university during an active semester or between two semesters of enrollment at our institution, usually during summer sessions; ‚ Study abroad (SA): classes taken during a study abroad semester for which credit

Conference Session

Fostering and Assessing Effective Teaming

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Senay Purzer; Dale Baker, Arizona State University; Chell Roberts, Arizona State University; Stephen Krause, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Excellence award in graduate research from the Mary Lou Fulton School of Education. Her creative research focuses on team learning and the role of self-efficacy on student achievement.Dale Baker, Arizona State University Dale R. Baker is a Professor of Science Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at Arizona State University and was the Co-Editor of The Journal of Research in Science Teaching. She teaches courses in science curricula, teaching and learning, and assessment courses with an emphasis on constructivist theory and issues of equity. Her research focuses on issues of gender, science, and science teaching. She has won two awards for her research in these areas

Conference Session

STEM Pipeline: Pre-College to Post-Baccalaureate

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gillian Nicholls, University of Pittsburgh; Harvey Wolfe, University of Pittsburgh; Mary Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Larry Shuman, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

degree-holders is a process that depends upon the students, educators, and themeans by which students are educated. The students are a vital portion of the raw materials tothis process and issues that affect their quantity and quality also affect the resulting number ofdegree-holders. Studying this process in order to identify significant factors that affect theproduction of degree-holders could provide a guide towards improving the process. Amethodology to test the effect of these factors could aid in designing an intervention program toencourage and assist more students in pursuing a college degree in STEM.Developing such a methodology starts with examining the work of education researchers whohave explored the motivations of students and the

Conference Session

DEED Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Don Dekker, University of South Florida; Stephen Sundarrao, University of South Florida; Rajiv Dubey, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

students may beemployed, to work on developing the products.Rehab-IDEAS is currently developing three of the designs from Capstone that have beenpatented. One is a beach and rough terrain platform that allows a person in a power wheelchairto explore rough terrain. Another is a mechanism that takes a backpack or briefcase from theside of a power wheelchair to the back of the chair. This is helpful, because with the backpackon the side of the chair, it can’t fit through doors. The third is a folding writing table forwheelchairs. This would make it much easier for students to take notes and to eat lunch.This company gets start-up financing, and some of the student teams have received royaltychecks. This is a great “postscript” to an exciting Capstone

Conference Session

Successful K-12 Programs for Girls & Minorities

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruce Gehrig, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Deborah Sharer, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Stephen Kuyath, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Anthony Brizendine, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

also changed annually. 7. A Conference Day with concurrent sessions by COE students, faculty, alumni and industry representatives. Club members, sponsors and parents are able to interact with student organizations, partner educational institutions and a variety of industry representatives from throughout North and South Carolina through informational tables and booths. As mentioned earlier, one of the conference sessions contains the Public Speaking Competition of the career exploration contest.Middle school clubs have been provided with balsa wood bridge and Legos MindStorm robot kits. Projectpersonnel and NCJETS mentors are currently involved in developing a club and competition structure thatwill best serve

Conference Session

Professional Skills and the Workplace

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Trevelyan, University of Western Australia

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

finish ones association (e.g. to finish presenting aTV show), whereas an engineer accepts ultimate and on-going responsibility for a documentwhen “signing-off”.Typical engineering science curricula provide basic methods which engineers may use inpractice, but much of the content provides little that engineers can directly apply in practice.While engineers may learn the subtle mathematical foundations of finite element analysis, therelatively few graduates that will actually operate finite element software for analysis willnever need to perform the mathematical derivations they had to learn for examinations. Thelink between education and practice is, therefore, largely indirect. By inspiring students toembrace challenging mathematical and

Conference Session

Engineering in Middle Schools

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juanita Jo Matkins, College of William and Mary; John A. McLaughlin, McLauglin Associates; Eugene Brown, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Gail Hardinge, College of William and Mary; Nancy West, College of William and Mary; Robert Stiegler, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division; Kirk Jenne, Office of Naval Research

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

) studies havebeen used to determine in a statistically significant fashion how the interventions of which thisprogram consists can be tied to the measured achievements. Changes in the skills, knowledge,and attitudes of the teachers and students will be described as well as the influence of thisprogram on changing student attitudes toward possible STEM careers. The human subjects-basedresearch was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Review Board of the College ofWilliam & Mary.The results show that as a result of participating in the program, students have an increasedinterest in pursuing STEM careers and that they exhibit increased knowledge in and ability to usescience and mathematics. Teachers indicate a high level of support