. Educational environments whichleverage these interests may be better able to attract and retain female students 9.Figure 1. Percentage of degrees awarded to women in engineering disciplines. Adapted from Yoder, B.L. (2014). Engineering bythe numbers. Retrieved from American Society for Engineering Education's College Profiles website:https://www.asee.org/papers-and-publications/publications/14_11-47.pdf.Tinkering Self-EfficacySelf-efficacy is an individual’s self-perceived ability to accomplish a goal or task 12. Self-efficacy is a domain specific measure—for example being confident in my ability to jump acertain distance says nothing of my confidence for gardening—with predictive relationships torelevant outcomes like motivation, effort, and
on programming activities, facilitated by both graduate and undergraduate teachingassistants. Students would then have to complete homework assignments based on recitation modules.Motivation and Self-Efficacy OutcomesDesired ResultsThe development of this course was also informed by motivation and self-efficacy theory, and high-levelcourse outcomes were set to increase both student motivation in the course and their self-efficacy as aprogrammer. Motivation was measured using the five constructs of the MUSIC Model of AcademicMotivation[9]: Empowerment, Usefulness, Success, Interest, and Caring. These constructs are defined inTable 2. Table 2: The MUSIC Model MUSIC Letter Name
-item “embracing” subscale of the CEI-II, measuring “a willingness toembrace the novel, uncertain, and unpredictable nature of everyday life” (p. 955). Respondentsindicate how they “generally feel and behave” on each item on a five-point Likert-type scalefrom 1=“Very slightly or not at all” to 5=“Extremely”. The variable “mindful attitude” is createdby averaging the four CEI-II items for each respondent. The mindful attitude items are only onthe EMS 2.0 survey.3.1.3 Measuring Innovation Self-Efficacy (ISE) and Engineering Task Self-Efficacy (ETSE)We measure both Innovation Self-Efficacy (ISE) and Engineering Task Self-Efficacy (ETSE) inthe EMS. All self-efficacy items were measured on a 5-point Likert-type scale from 0=“Notconfident” to 4
-theft anxiety level in college students. This study performed several analyses ona developed questionnaire to ensure validity and reliability. After examining all proposedhypotheses, it was found that electronic devices self-efficacy and electronic devices usage havesignificant impact on identity-theft anxiety level of the students. The data also support arelationship between information security awareness of the students and their identity-theftanxiety level. This research also showed that gender, employment status, race, and age havemoderating effects on all hypotheses. The outcome of this study indicated that moreinformation should be provided to students regarding how to take proactive measures inusing their electronic devices in order to
Tuijl and van der Molen(2015) maintained that male and female STEM role models are particularly important forchildren. Holmes, Gore, Smith, and Lloyd (2017) studied children ages 8-18 and found anincrease in STEM interest for students who have a parent working in a STEM occupation. Theysuggest that those without a parent working in a STEM field are left with teachers and schoolguidance counselors to promote STEM careers in order to foster an interest.Grounded in Bandura’s (1977) social cognitive theory, social cognitive career theory (SCCT)focuses on three primary mechanisms that drive career decisions: self-efficacy, outcomeexpectations, and goals (Lent, Brown and Hackett, 1994). Self-efficacy is defined as perceivedcapability to perform a
their relativeimportance. We investigate different strategies and awareness levels of TPACK in differentschools. We develop an assessment method to assess the self-efficacy of the teachers to teachrobotics-focused STEM lessons under TPACK. We analyze the reasons behind the deficits in theself-efficacy scores. We explore whether the TPACK self-efficacy of the teachers is influenced bySTEM subjects. We provide recommendations to improve TPACK self-efficacy of teachers fortheir robotics-focused STEM teaching in middle schools.We posit that this paper, which i) examines the teachers’ understanding of TPACK construct andtheir TPACK self-efficacy, ii) documents and analyzes the results of such an investigation, and iii)provides the details of
asked to completea new task, which combines a few related topics covered in the same hands-on activity, withoutdetailed step-by-step instructions.Evaluation of the Student LearningOne of the main objectives of the camp program is to increase student knowledge, skills, andabilities in cyber security. In order to evaluate the attainment of this objective, we used pre- andpost-camp questionnaires and tests. The questionnaires aimed to measure participants' self-efficacy in common cyber security concepts before and after the camp. Although self-efficacy is aself-reported subjective measure, the research supports that it is one of the important variablesdetermining how successful one will be in a domain. In addition to the self-efficacy measures,we
) The relationship between mathematics self-efficacy and achievement in mathematics. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, 953-957.Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.Barker, F.J. (2010). The effects of an engineering-mathematics course on freshmen students’ mathematics self-efficacy. (unpublished master’s thesis). Washington State University, Pullman, WA.Bourne, A.L., Ciarallo, F.W., Klingbeil, N.W. (2015) Measuring the impact of a mathematics intervention on student mathematics self-efficacy: Development and application of revised measurement tool. Proceedings 122nd ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Seattle WA, June 2015.Bourne, A.L
overarching goals that are the focus of all Creative Design sections.Areas of common measurement included; (1) Creative Self-Efficacy and Creative Role-Identity,(2) Ideation Capacity and (3) Creativity in Engineering Design (Artifacts).Creative self-efficacy is one’s belief that they are able to design creative products6. Researchcompleted by Tierney and Farmer reported that creative self-efficacy is a predictor of creativedesign performance. The Creative Self-Efficacy and Creative Role-Identity Scale was identifiedas an appropriate instrument to measure student growth through a pretest/posttest researchdesign.7 Surveys completed in Fall 2016 and Spring 2017 indicated that students from educationschool majors (n=33) have the lowest reported average
persistence in engineering as part of the CAEE’s (2007) Academic PathwaysStudy (APS), which identified 21 variables for persistence in engineering. The instrument’soverall goal was to collect data utilizing relevant questions from each survey instrument onindividuals’ experiences and perceptions during their K-14 and academic careers and to create acomprehensive picture of the culture-sharing group – in this case, the young women that hadpersisted in the research site’s College of Engineering.The MSLQ questions were used to identify within the results a measure of motivationalorientation for college engineering students (Pintrich et al., 1991) and examine women’s feelingsof self-efficacy to determine if patterns existed among the women in the
will have adirect and positive effect on grade performance.2.0 Study OverviewThis study is intended as a pilot study of the measures of social belonging in an engineeringclassroom. Data were collected from an introductory level solid mechanics class at a privateuniversity in the United States. Most student respondents were beginning their engineeringacademic careers, mostly as sophomore students taking their first-ever engineering specificcourse. The instrument used to measure engineering self-efficacy was developed by our researchteam. The instruments used to measure social belonging, engineering identity and interpersonalcloseness have strong research pedigrees but have never been used in this novel combination.2.1 Measuring Social Belonging
Appendix A.2.Innovation Self-Efficacy (ISE.5) – This self-efficacy construct involves specific behaviors thatcharacterize innovative people and is designed to measure a students’ confidence in his/herability to innovate. The included items are adapted from Dyer, Gregersen, and Christensen(2008). The original Dyer items were piloted and factor-analyzed as part of the EMS surveydevelopment process. The emergent five factors corresponded to Dyer’s innovative behaviordomains of questioning, observing, experimenting, and idea networking, as well as the relateddomain of associative thinking. These items each have a Likert scale of (0-4), have an acceptableCronbach 𝛼 (.78), and have been averaged to form the ISE.5 construct variable (Schar,Gilmartin
exploration as a theme, and the other used micro controllers as thefoundation for activities. The goals of this research are as follows: 1. Develop effectivecurricula for improving student self-efficacy in CT, 2. Develop a reliable and effective wayof measuring student self-efficacy in CT, and 3. Enforce the notion that CT is not problemsolving (PS), but a component of cognition.Background and Related Work“Computational thinking involves solving problems, designing systems, and understandinghuman behavior, by drawing on the concepts fundamental to computer science”26. However,computational thinking (CT) is not intended to be equated to computer science; rather theessence of CT comes from thinking like a computer scientist when faced with problems
completing design tasks to be the same. Additionally, it was found thatstudents had a significant increase in their development of this combined confidence-success factorover the course of a semester (p-value = .002). Based on extensive research by Godwin et al.13,measures of self-efficacy (presented as performance-competence), alongside subject interest andrecognition by others, have shown to be an important factor to students’ development ofengineering identity. It is suggested then that active learning may allow students to develop anengineering identity11.Initial qualitative work from Major & Kirn11 found five emerging themes: 1) students discovereddesign tasks they were competent in or not competent in, which lead to motivation to complete
(3), 175-213.19. Mamaril, N. A., Usher, E. L., Li, C. R., Economy, D. R., & Kennedy, M. S. (2016). Measuring undergraduate students' engineering self-efficacy: A validation study. Journal of Engineering Education, 105(2), 366-395. doi: 10.1002/jee.2012120. Kier, M. W., Blanchard, M. R., Osborne, J. W., & Albert, J. L. (2013). The development of the STEM career interest survey (STEM-CIS). Research in Science Education, 44(3), 461-481. doi: 10.1007/s11165-013-9389-321. Jackson, A., Mentzer, N., Kramer, R., & Zhang, J. (2017, June). Enhancing student motivation and efficacy through soft robot design. Paper presented at the 2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Columbus, OH.
studied acrosseducation and psychology literature. As an example, Australian high school students’ academicself-efficacy is a significant predictor of academic resilience.27 Similarly, low-income Blackcollege students with high academic confidence who were also able to “bounce back” fromacademic challenges and setbacks in college (i.e., students labeled as “buoyant believers”)achieve greater academic success, as measured by grade-point average.29Using findings from the aforementioned study of low-income Black students, Strayhorn createdthe ‘buoyant believers’ framework. The framework positions students in four categoriesrepresenting the intersection of various degrees of academic self-efficacy and resilience. Thefour categories include (a
-surveys created and conducted throughQualtrics software, a set of nine items adapted from the Motivational Strategies for LearningQuestionnaire (MSLQ) (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990) were presented to students to quantitativelyreport their confidence regarding their future performance in and learning of cognitive andspectrum sharing radio communications. A mean score was calculated from an average of allitems, which were 7-point Likert scale questions. Analyses of results from the survey wereconducted in SPSS. It should be noted that the item pool for self-efficacy demonstrated a verystrong level of reliability in measuring the construct. The Cronbach’s alpha calculated for themeasure was 0.872 in the pre-tutorial survey and 0.925 in the post
-efficacy as described earlier (see Theoretical Background section). In the development of theEMS, this construct was adapted to capture a student’s confidence in his or her abilities ingenerating and gathering new ideas – labeled as Innovation Self-Efficacy. In a similar way, astudent’s confidence in his or her abilities to design and develop new technical prototypes,products or services was included and measured in a variable named Engineering task self-efficacy. For both types of self-efficacy, students were asked to rate their levels of confidencein several innovation- or engineering-related activities. All of those activities were measuredon a five-point Likert scale from “Not confident” (0) to “Extremely confident” (4). For eachtype, the
other courses includingvideo content and be less resistant to this form of instruction.To get insight into the effects of the courses focus on learning and applying design theory, aninstrument was used to measure participant engineering design self-efficacy. The instrumentwas designed and validated by Carberry et al [20]. The tool measures individual’s self-efficacytowards engineering design tasks. Self-efficacy is an individual’s belief in their ability tocomplete a specific task [21]. This instrument examines four aspects of an individual’s self-efficacy: 1) Confidence, 2) Motivation, 3) Expectation of Success and 4) Anxiety towardscompleting engineering design [20]. The instrument was administered at the beginning and endof the Hybrid2
). After the completion of the summer program, teachers completed a post-survey (n =7-8 ) ontheir self-efficacy for teaching engineering during the Fall to measure any perceived changes inbeliefs as a result of the summer program. The results of the pre-post survey are found in Table3.Table 3: Teachers reported self-efficacies in teaching engineering pre-post summerprogram. Strongly Moderately Slightly Slightly Moderately Strongly Disagree Disagree Disagree Agree Agree Agree 1. I can discuss PRE how given 20% 10% 20% 0% 40% 10% N=10
evaluation instruments were built from psychometrically sound instrumentsand scales that include the Career Interest Questionnaire and Modified STEM Semantics Survey(Tyler-Wood et al., 2010), Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Intention (Wilson et al., 2007),Student Attitudes toward STEM Survey (Mahoney, 2010); STEM Semantics Survey (Tyler-Wood et al., 2010), Sources of Self-Efficacy Scale (Britner & Pajares, 2006), and a 21st CenturySkills Assessment/Rubric. Specifically, the process evaluation was designed to measure both quality and intensity ofSTEM-Inc activities in order to monitor the short-term and formative results of activities andservices, validate program components, and determine whether activities were of sufficientquality and
engineering careers and on developing theircontent knowledge in select grade-appropriate science and mathematics content areas. Pre-posttesting was conducted with sixty-five students of diverse backgrounds in grades six through eightto measure their self-reported engineering-related self-efficacy, knowledge of engineering careers,and motivation to pursue future engineering classes and careers. In addition, interviews wereconducted to examine any changes in middle school camp participants’ affective characteristics ofmotivation, self-efficacy, and self-determination.Introduction The attraction and retention of students in science, technology, engineering, andmathematics (STEM) disciplines along the full length of their education is a national
state finals in Spring, 2016. Allteachers were invited to participate. Components of this survey relevant for the current workinclude demographics, information about teachers’ backgrounds, and also several constructs:self-efficacy for teaching engineering, self-efficacy for teaching entrepreneurship, and teacherperceptions of the program’s effects on students. Some of these constructs were assessed throughvalidated instruments, while others were measured with internally developed items. Teaching Engineering Self-Efficacy Scale Self-efficacy for teaching engineering was measured with the Teaching Engineering Self-Efficacy Scale (TESS), which was developed and validated by Yoon Yoon et al., 201411. Theseauthors “define teaching
, intrinsic value, and test anxiety. The second andthird surveys also asked students to identify the most helpful and challenging aspects of the course. Students’ demographic information, test scores, homework scores, and prior learning outcomes(cumulative graduate point average and ACT math scores) were collected after the semester wasover. Participation in the study was voluntary, and participants received a small cash compensationfor the time that they spent completing surveys.Measures in Self-reported Surveys Self-efficacy, intrinsic value, and test anxiety were measured by 22 items adopted from the Mo-tivation Beliefs Questionnaire (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990). The engagement measure consisted ofthree subscales: behavioral
of technology use. Mishra and Koehler23 used a surveyto track changes in teachers’ perception of their TPACK understanding over a course thatincorporated educational technology. Moreover, Archambault and Crippen47 developed 24 surveyquestions to measure teachers’ understanding of various instructional and conceptual issues. Thiseffort adapted a widely used self-efficacy TPACK instrument46,48 for our PD program, whichemploys robotics to teach classroom science and math. Moreover, in our study, we reformulatedthe TPACK survey instrument,46,48 guided by the self-efficacy research,49,50 to establishparticipant’s confidence, motivation, outcome expectancy, and apprehensiveness for each of theseven components of the TPACK framework.3. Research
particularly enable a more diverse group of students to leveragecreativity and innovation toward success in engineering careers; 2) discover specific learningmodels that involve both STEM university students and pre-service teachers in order to developteamwork, self-efficacy, communication, and identity formation in the Maker environment; 3)pilot instruments to measure the impact of such programs on students’ self-efficacy,communication, and identity formation and 4) understand to what extent students who use themaker space for a class project become regular users of the space. This paper reports on theprogress and findings from the first year of implementation. Maker Space user log in data will beanalyzed as will preliminary results of student
– the Engineering Majors Survey (EMS) developed by the National ScienceFoundation (NSF)-funded National Center for Engineering Pathways to Innovation (Epicenter)and a survey developed by BRAID. Additional items were also created to explore issues andquestions not addressed by the EMS and BRAID instruments.The Engineering Majors Survey (EMS) (Gilmartin, et al., 2017) draws upon psychologicaltheories of career choice to ask students about their "innovation self-efficacy", their expectationsfor the outcomes of innovative behaviors, their innovation interests, and their goals around doinginnovative work in their early careers. Designed to measure a comprehensive range ofundergraduate learning experiences that may influence students' beliefs about
(Meyer & Marx, 2014).Although the traditional response in addressing student preparedness is the strengthening of mathand science education at the K-12 level, additional individual factors have been found to play akey role in retention. In addition to aptitude factors, Big Five personality traits(Conscientiousness, Openness, etc.) and affective factors (attitudes, self-esteem, self-efficacy,etc.) have been proven to contribute to retention in engineering programs. According to Hall etal. (2015), “studies have shown internal locus of control, academic self-esteem, self-efficacy, andthe [Big Five] personality trait of Conscientiousness have contributed to retention inengineering” (p. 170). In other words, students that have exhibited higher
mathematics (STEM) disciplines, and engineering inparticular. These include systemic as well as personal barriers.An institution’s culture and climate are among several systemic barriers that exist to impedesuccessful matriculation of students with disabilities, particularly in engineering. Researchershave found engineering and law faculty members “were significantly less willing to provideaccommodations” than their counterparts in other academic units. Reluctance and negativeattitudes serve to foster environments that are counter to diversity and inclusion.Studies have shown that incorrect estimates of self-efficacy are among personal barriers thathinder student success. Some students with disabilities tend to have lower academic self-efficacy than
“weed-out” course for students in theengineering program.The two-year project described in this paper will be designed and implemented over threeiterations (alpha, beta, and gamma), using a quasi-experimental design that includes a treatmentcourse and control course for comparison, and employing an outcome-focused approachconsistent with the tenets of design-based research [13]-[16]. This project employs experimentalmeasures which past researchers have designed and validated [17]-[20]. These measures assessclassroom climate [17], engineering identity [18], self-efficacy [19], and classroom practices[20]. For both the alpha (Spring 2017) and beta (Fall 2017) iterations, the project team will givepre-post assessments to the students, conduct