Collection

2015 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Linda R. Musser

this finalfactor should not be underestimated. Incidents of incivility and undermining behavior can have amajor impact on retention of women. Materials developed by the Center for Work Life Law atthe University of California as part of the Gender Bias Learning Project are valuable tools thatcan be used to illustrate and raise awareness of these issues.

Collection

2015 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Oguz Soysal

energy generation systemsFundamentals of Energy Engineering course addresses the specific outcomes b, c, f,g, i, j, k of ABET Criterion 3.The presentation includes an outline of the course topics, developed hands-onactivities, and student design projects.

Collection

2015 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Walter W. Buchanan; Ali Mehrabian; Alireza Rahrooh; M. Kudret Yurtseven

with the distribution skills to managethese supply chains.The proposed undergraduate certificate in Healthcare Technology will consist of four, threecredit hour courses for a total of 12 credit hours. Core courses will include IDIS 489 (DistributorOperations in Healthcare) and a capstone course in Healthcare Technology, in which the studentwill work on an industry project with leading companies in the Healthcare industry. The thirdcourse will be a survey course in healthcare technologies from the Electronics EngineeringTechnology program (ENTC 489) within the Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution(ETID) Department. The final course will be a Healthcare quality processes elective from theMechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

Conference Session

Instrumentation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rizwanul Neyon, Purdue University Calumet (College of Technology); Nirjhar Das Sharma, Purdue University Calumet; Priom Chakraborty, Purdue university Calumet; Akram Hossain, Purdue University Calumet (College of Technology)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Paper ID #11219Designing of Bottle Washing Machine in Virtual Environment Using the En-hanced Mechatronics System Design MethodologyMr. Rizwanul Neyon, Purdue University Calumet (College of Technology) Rizwanul Neyon, M.Sc, has completed his masters from Purdue University Calumet majoring in Mecha- tronics Engineering Technology. In his MS Directed project he worked in a Pick & Place machine where he has integrated a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) & Human Machine Interface (HMI). He was awarded a graduate assistantship from Purdue University Calumet in 2012. As a graduate assistant in engineering Technology

Conference Session

Fundamental: K-12 Students and Engineering Design Practices (Part 2)

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle E Jordan , Arizona State University; Tonatiuh Munguia-Villanueva, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

events ranging from conduct- ing demonstrations of scientific phenomena for K-12 students to participating on the XIII International Symposium of the ”Instituto Polit´ecnico Nacional”. On 2014 he was honored to participate on the ”Latin American Summer Research Program” at the University of Arizona under the mentoring of Michelle E. Jordan, PhD, exploring the experiences of learners engaged in collaborative engineering design projects. Page 26.1629.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Understanding Youth Collaboration: How Middle School Learners Experience the

Conference Session

Nuclear and Radiological Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yaël-Alexandra Jackie Monereau, Elyape Consulting, LLLP; University of Tennessee

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

combined with the Project Team Builder (PTB)1 Simulator is used in the field ofIndustrial Engineering.In 1987, Grieshop listed some of the benefits of games and simulations: 1. Emphasize questioning over answering on the part of players. 2. Provide opportunities to examine critically the assumptions and implications that underlie various decisions. 3. Expose the nature of problems and possible solution paths. 4. Create an environment for learning that generates discovery learning. 5. Promote skills in communicating, role-taking, problem solving, leading, and decision- making

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division: Strategies Beyond the Classroom

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reneta Davina Lansiquot, New York City College of Technology; Hong Li, New York City College of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

an Associate Professor and Chairperson of the Computer Systems Technology Department at New York City College of Technology, CUNY. She received her Ph.D. in Mathematics. Her focus are working with faculty constantly to keep curriculum updated to respond to the growth of computer technol- ogy; researching in project-based learning with digital generation; and promoting the retention of female students. Her research interests include artificial neural networks and applications in system identifica- tion and forecasting. She has worked on projects that have applied neural networks in highway rainfall drainage problems, the estimation of crude oil saturation and non-invasive glucose sensing problems

Collection

2015 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Nisha Kondrath; Mark A. Jupina

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Villanova University. This flipped-lab approach would (1) provide opportunities for faculty to challenge the students to perform more complex electronic circuit designs and (2) foster more productive and student-centered peer-to-peer interactions. This paper discusses the implementation of the pedagogy with examples of specific projects, faculty experiences and challenges, and student feedback with the new approach.I. Introduction Benjamin Franklin once said, “Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.” In addition to the proficiency in the technical knowledge, it is important for the students to also become erudite self-learners and effective team players. To

Collection

2015 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Edward M. Land; Michael Marcus; Harley Hartman; Anthony Derosa; Seth Klepper; Eduardo Rayner; Justin Stahl; Hansong Li

Exploring Collaborative Research and Development Opportunities, between Two Universities, for a Capstone Electromechanical Engineering Technology Course for a Microprocessor Controlled Hand Opening Assistive Device (HOAD)Edward M. Land, Johns Hopkins University; Michael Marcus, Penn State University and JHUVisiting Faculty member; Harley Hartman, Penn State University; Capstone Project TeamStudents, Penn State University, Anthony Derosa, Seth Klepper, Eduardo Rayner, Justin Stahl;Collaborating Research Assistant, Johns Hopkins University, Hansong LiAbstractTo cooperatively and synergistically develop a purpose-built, Hand-Opening, Assistive Device,enabling a stroke victim or other neurologically injured

Collection

2015 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Steven Magluilo; Abdullah Konak; Sadan Kulturel-Konak; Ivan Esparragoza; Gul E. Okudan Kremer

evaluation is one of the best ways to assess thegroup dynamics of a team project. However, there are a few tools available for facilitating peerevaluations and efficiently compiling meaningful information designed to assess one teammember compared to the team as a whole. In this paper, we introduce the Peer Evaluation &Assessment Resource (PEAR), which is a web-based solution that was created to efficientlyassess the teamwork skills of students through peer and self-evaluations. The PEAR applicationallows instructors to form teams from their student rosters and choose a rubric to assess theirteamwork skills, abilities, and contributions. In addition to the rubrics built into the PEARsystem, instructors can also create custom rubrics based on the

Collection

2015 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Thomas M. Korman

students to evaluatesubcontractor bids and select the responsible low bid in each category, and for the group tocalculate a final competitive bid price within the allotted time frame. These instructionalobjectives allow the student to understand and appreciate the complexity faced by a contractor inassembling a successful competitive bid. The Mock Bid exercise is designed to provide studentswith a realistic experience of bid day conditions using a real project that they are likely to workon upon graduation.BackgroundBeginning in the autumn quarter of 2008, the Construction Management Department atCalifornia Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) launched an integratedproject based construction management curriculum. The basis

Conference Session

Information and Network Security

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emil H Salib, James Madison University; Ryan Lutz, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

vSphere is that it lackssome of the basic functionality that is readily available on the standalone VMware Workstationsoftware. Also, it limits the ability for each student or group to have their own hardware networkinterfaces when they need to integrate external physical networks with the virtual machines undervSphere. The vSphere suite was not designed to have dynamic networking where each user wouldbe able to control and manipulate multiple VM’s and appliances internal and external to thevSphere Operating System (ESXi). As a result we embarked on an aggressive re-purposing of thevSphere suite to take advantage of its efficiency, while also increasing its robustness to match thatof what is available on a VMware Workstation, in a project known

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay B. Brockman, University of Notre Dame; Gina Navoa Svarovsky, University of Notre Dame; Matthew Kloser, University of Notre Dame

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

analyzes the development of Wild Sound, a musical workcomposed by Glenn Kotche and performed by Third Coast Percussion, with custominstruments designed and built by engineering students at the University of Notre Dame,that has been performed for national audiences. Using theories of design from Simon’sSciences of the Artificial and current views of Design Thinking, the paper examines thecomplex multidisciplinary design process behind the development of this work. It alsoexamines the learning experiences of the design team and suggests ways that futureacademic design projects may benefit from this experience.Introduction“Wild Sound” has been described as challenging “the distinctions that exist betweenmusic and noise, instrument and everyday object

Conference Session

Best Practices for Two-Year Students Majoring in Engineering & STEM Fields

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen M. Groppi P.E., Cabrillo College; Susan Tappero, Cabrillo College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

Paper ID #13572Increasing Success and Retention in Engineering and other STEM FieldsMs. Karen M. Groppi P.E., Cabrillo College Karen Groppi is an Engineering Instructor at Cabrillo College and California registered Civil Engineer whose work focuses on teaching and mentoring students through hands-on projects which benefit the campus community. She was co-PI on a five year NSF grant for recruiting and retaining students in STEM fields.Dr. Susan Tappero, Cabrillo College Susan Tappero obtained a Ph.D. in pure mathematics from University of California, Santa Cruz in 1992. She has been teaching mathematics and developing

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Guy, University of Texas at Arlington; Alan Bowling, University of Texas at Arlington; Panayiotis S. Shiakolas, University of Texas, Arlington

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

assessment data collected so far.1 IntroductionThe goal of this project is to introduce a mechatronics experiential learning element intothe curriculum of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE) at theUniversity of Texas at Arlington (UTA). This type of hands-on experience is known to moti-vate students, particularly those from underrepresented groups, in their study of engineering.Dr. Bowling became aware of this when he was faculty advisor for a team of students whoentered the Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts Academic Linkage (RASC-AL) Ex-ploration Robo-Ops competition. The students were required to build a Mars rover, whichwould be transported to the rock yard at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Conference Session

Working in Teams: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Mentzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Andrew Jackson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kevin Andrew Richards, Northern Illinois University; Angelika N Zissimopoulos, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Dawn Laux, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

research interests are engineering self-efficacy, creativity, and decision making.Dr. Kevin Andrew Richards, Northern Illinois University K. Andrew R. Richards is currently a visiting assistant professor at Northern Illinois University. Prior to his current post, Richards was a post-doctoral research associate with the Center for Instructional Ex- cellence at Purdue University, USA. His post-doctoral position focused on the evaluation of a large-scale course transformation project that sought to increase active learning and student-centered pedagogies in university-level teaching. Prior to post-doctoral studies, Richards completed his Master’s degree and PhD at Purdue University, and Bachelor’s degree at Springfield

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael P. Hennessey, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

andgraphical work done mostly in MATLAB. Primary course topics covered in this survey courseinclude: (1) vector integral Calculus, (2) an introduction to Fourier series, (3) an introduction topartial differential equations (PDEs), (4) an introduction to complex analysis, and (5) conformalmapping and applications. Also, examples of student project work are shown. Lastly, usefulstudent feedback and lessons learned is shared that others involved in engineering mathematicsinstruction may find useful or be able to relate to.Keywords: Vector integral Calculus, Fourier series, partial differential equations, complexanalysis, conformal mapping, engineering mathematics education1. IntroductionDue to increasing undergraduate enrollments in both electrical and

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Design and Entrepreneurship

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

José Antonio Riofrío, Western New England University; Robert Gettens, Western New England University; Anthony D. Santamaria, Western New England University; Thomas K Keyser, Western New England University; Ronald E. Musiak, Western New England University; Harlan E Spotts Jr., Western New England University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Acquisition and Processing course. In this course a smart design project forms thebasis of the EML experience which includes such skills as seeking opportunities usingbrainstorming, accessing market interest, accessing technical feasibility, designing formanufacturability, and providing a cost analysis of an eventual finalized product.The entrepreneurial impact of this comprehensive program is assessed through surveys whichgage the students' awareness of EML concepts.This paper will present an overview of the ACL, PBL and EML techniques used in the First YearEngineering Program at Western New England University. Page 26.969.2IntroductionThis paper

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Virginia Sisiopiku, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Robert W. Peters, University of Alabama, Birmingham; Ossama E. M. Ramadan, University of Alabama, Birmingham

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

simulation and modeling. She has served as the principal investigator in 80 projects and authored/co-authored over a 160 technical papers. Dr. Sisiopiku has been recognized by many organizations for her professional achievements including the Institute of Transportation Engineers, the Federal Highway Administration, the Illinois Association of Highway Engineers, IEEE, and the Women’s Transportation Seminar. She is the recipient of the 2007 President’s Excellence in Teaching Award and the 2010 Dean’s Award for Excellence in Mentorship, and a Fellow of the Institute of Transportation Engineers.Dr. Robert W. Peters, University of Alabama at Birmingham Dr. Robert W. Peters is a Professor of Environmental Engineering at the

Conference Session

Microprocessor, Microcontrollers, and Embedded Systems Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shouling He, Vaughn College of Aeronautics & Technology; Yuhong Zhang, Texas Southern University; Fangyang Shen, New York City College of Technology (CUNY)

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

2 Function calls and arrays in embedded C with interfacing a liquid crystal display (LCD) module 8 2 PIC18 features and analog-to-digital (A/D) conversions 9 Course Review - Midterm Exam 10-12 6 Timer programming and interrupt programming 13-14 4 Capture-compare-PWM programming 15 Course Review - Final ExamTable 3 shows the laboratory projects in the laboratory exercise sections, where the content oflaboratory project #3 is included in Appendix A. For the laboratory exercises, MPLAB Integrat-ed Development Environment (IDE)8 as shown in Figure 1 is used to program the source code in

Conference Session

Faculty Development I

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margret Hjalmarson, George Mason University; Jill K Nelson, George Mason University; Craig Lorie, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

level, instructors are designing new teachingstrategies. At the second level, the researchers are designing a model for teaching developmentfor faculty. In addition, how does conceptualizing teaching as a design process inform a teachingdevelopment model for instructors?  Literature Review  We build in this project on other frameworks for research in education that examine howeducational products (e.g., curriculum) or processes are designed for the classroom. In many ofthese cases, there are models, resources or tools being designed to support teaching and learning.For example, in research about the design of curriculum, Clements describes multiple stages inthe life of the materials from the ideal curriculum to the planned curriculum to the

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gretchen G. Achenbach, National Center for Women & IT; Leslie G. Cintron PhD, University of Virginia; J McGrath Cohoon, University of Virginia; Philip Michael Sadler, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Gerhard Sonnert, Harvard University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

): Who Succeeds in Science? The Gender Dimension and Gender Differences in Science Careers: The Project Access Study. Page 26.328.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Career Priorities and the Challenge of Recruiting Women to Computing “I always hear stories about how we can’t find enough engineers, we can’t find enoughcomputer programmers… And that’s why we’re emphasizing math and science. That’s whywe’re emphasizing teaching girls math and science.” – President Barack Obama, May 20111AbstractMisconceptions, lack of awareness, and

Conference Session

A Virtual Community of Practice for Developing and Implementing Evidence-based Pedagogies

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Stephen J Krause, Arizona State University; Nancy Ruzycki, University of Florida; Amber L. Genau, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Brittany Nelson-Cheeseman, School of Engineering, University of St. Thomas; Cheryl A Bodnar, University of Pittsburgh; Joseph De-Chung Shih, Stanford University; Daniel Lepek, The Cooper Union; Lindsay Corneal, Grand Valley State University; Shannon Ciston, University of California, Berkeley; Richard E Eitel, Stevens Institute of Technology (SSE)

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering, Materials

State University. He teaches in the areas of introductory materials engineering, polymers and composites, and capstone design. His research interests include evaluating conceptual knowledge, mis- conceptions and technologies to promote conceptual change. He has co-developed a Materials Concept Inventory and a Chemistry Concept Inventory for assessing conceptual knowledge and change for intro- ductory materials science and chemistry classes. He is currently conducting research on NSF projects in two areas. One is studying how strategies of engagement and feedback with support from internet tools and resources affect conceptual change and associated impact on students’ attitude, achievement, and per- sistence. The

Conference Session

Research to Practice: STRAND 1 – Addressing the NGSS: Supporting K-12 Teachers in Engineering Pedagogy and Engineering Science Connections (Part 1)

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katey Shirey, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. Together theseepistemologies interact within his EEE. Evan abandoned engineering design projects for moretraditional physics instruction at times when elements of his EEE conflicted. Understanding howEvan’s EEE affected his use engineering instruction and his participation in NGSS reform effortssheds critical light on the potential successes of the NGSS reform agenda in science classrooms. Introduction In the summer of 2014 I co-planned and co-taught an engineering-themed high schoolsummer camp for science and math enrichment. My co-teacher Evan was a co-planner of thiscamp yet he made a sudden and covert shift away from our planned engineering activity on thethird day of camp towards a more

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nan Kong, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Tiago R Forin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brent K Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Natascha M Trellinger, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

of programs and experiences that are offered to engineering students include studyabroad, globally-oriented class experiences, global projects, international internships, andinternational research experiences3,4. Study abroad experiences are often accomplished throughshort- or long-term sojourns, or bilateral exchange of students between universities. Someschools also offer global engineering courses that emphasize historical and cultural themes,sometimes through engagement with guest speakers.3 Service projects with global dimensionsare another prevalent program format. These program options vary according to factors such asduration, language requirements, context of work, extent of interactions with natives of the hostcountry, and

Conference Session

Evaluation: Diversity in K-12 and Pre-college Engineering Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Hee Kim, Iridescent ; Tara Chklovski, Iridescent

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

  underserved community families     Page 26.7.2  Engineering  students  teaching  hands  on  engineering  design  challenges  to underserved community families    ABSTRACT This  paper discusses the implementation of a 5­year longitudinal study called "Be A Scientist!" (BAS). T​ his  project has been   funded  through  an  NSF  AISL  grant  with  the  title  “Be  a  Scientist!”(BAS).  BAS  is  designed  to  connect underserved   families  directly  to  scientists  and  engineers  with   the  aim  of  inspiring  families  to  see   themselves  as innovators  and  inventors,  while  also  encouraging  the  development  of  key  21st century skills

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Entrepreneurship Education in New Contexts

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald S Harichandran P.E., University of New Haven; Maria-Isabel Carnasciali, University of New Haven; Nadiye O. Erdil, University of New Haven; Cheryl Q Li, University of New Haven; Jean Nocito-Gobel, University of New Haven; Samuel D. Daniels, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

the 18 modules; some will complete all 18modules.Introduction Engineering graduates who will be leaders in today’s rapidly changing environment mustpossess an entrepreneurial mindset and a variety of professional skills in addition to technicalknowledge and skills. Efforts at developing technical communication, project management, andteamwork skills have been underway at many institutions over the last decade. A newer initiativeis the development of entrepreneurial thinking skills.1-3 At its core, entrepreneurial thinkingrequires: (1) insatiable curiosity to investigate a rapidly changing world; (2) the ability toinnovate by make connections between different streams of information; and (3) to create valuefor others. Entrepreneurial

Conference Session

Using Technology and Research-based Instructional Practices in BME

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Casey Jane Ankeny, Arizona State University; Stephen J. Krause, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

and a Chemistry Concept Inventory for assessing conceptual knowledge and change for intro- ductory materials science and chemistry classes. He is currently conducting research on NSF projects in two areas. One is studying how strategies of engagement and feedback with support from internet tools and resources affect conceptual change and associated impact on students’ attitude, achievement, and per- sistence. The other is on the factors that promote persistence and success in retention of undergraduate students in engineering. He was a coauthor for best paper award in the Journal of Engineering Education in 2013

Conference Session

Make It!

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hugh Jack, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Arduino board to build a robot for less than $45. Plans are provided with detailsthat permit use in classroom projects and laboratory work. The 3D printer is used to make twowheels and a chassis. The chassis has features to support the RC servos, Arduino board, and a 9Vbattery. The first software example is suitable for K-12 outreach activities. More advancedexamples could include low cost light sensors for cat and mouse games. The presentation willinclude a live demonstration.IntroductionDesigning and building robots is a great source of entertainment for practicing and aspiringengineers. This paper describes a robot designed for fun, that could also be used to helpintroduce students to engineering and robotics topics. The robot design begins

Conference Session

Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) Topics in Construction Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yong-Woo Kim, University of Washington; Wonil Lee, University of Washington, Department of Construction Management; Ryan J. Eom, Legend High School

Tagged Divisions

Construction

Paper ID #12288The Effectiveness of AR (Augmented Reality) Technology in Acquiring Infor-mation on Job-site TaskProf. Yong-Woo Kim, University of Washington Dr. Yong-Woo Kim is an associate professor and P.D.Koon endowed professor of construction manage- ment at the University of Washington. His research interests include supply chain management, lean construction, and integrated project delivery.Mr. Wonil Lee, Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Mr. Lee is a Ph.D. Candidate in the Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Mr. Lee’s