Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul G. Flikkema, Northern Arizona University; Kenji Ryan Yamamoto, Northern Arizona University; Carol Haden, Magnolia Consulting, LLC; Jeff Frolik, University of Vermont; Tom Weller, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

, and normally learned on the job. The best systemsthinkers become technical leads and managers in part because they become experts in systemsthinking as part of their professional and technical career growth. Systems thinking is in ourexperience often developed through informal mentoring, and is larger in its aims and scope than Page 22.1693.2systems engineering (as often executed, e.g., using trade studies involving several variables).Our definition includes the systems dynamics viewpoint and encompassing contexts, but alsoinvolves thinking about the design process in ways that (i) span traditional disciplinaryboundaries, (ii) integrate

Conference Session

Recruitment, Retention, and First-Year Programs in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phillip Wong, Portland State University, ECE Department; Melinda Holtzman, Portland State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department; Branimir Pejcinovic, Portland State University, ECE Department; Malgorzata Chrzanowska-Jeske, Portland State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

course sequence thatwas introduced in the 2009-10 year.3. Course DevelopmentHistorically, the EAS 101 syllabus followed a traditional set of topics, such as problem solvingand data presentation. Rudimentary coverage of mechanical systems, electric circuits, fluidmechanics, thermodynamics, and statistics was provided. Other subjects included someprinciples of design, engineering economics, ethics, and a very short MATLAB tutorial. The CSprogramming course was devoted exclusively to teaching the fundamentals of computerprogramming, with UNIX serving as the development environment. These courses exhibited anumber of deficiencies for prospective ECE students: ● For those who were still undecided about engineering as a career path, the EAS and CS

Conference Session

Technology in the ECE Classroom

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Frederick C Berry, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Mohamed F. Chouikha, Howard University; Dianna Newman, University at Albany/SUNY; Meghan Morris Deyoe, The Evaluation Consortium; Gavin Anaya; William Brubaker, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

all courses(e.g. Caucasian (74% and 64% respectively for the two Circuits classes; 78% Introduction toElectronics; 90% Electronic Instrumentation), Asian (13%; 20%; 12%; 5% respectively), andHispanic (4%; 11%; 5%; 5% respectively).19Similarly, evaluators have found successful use with students representing different stages ofcareer development. Those enrolled in Electric Circuits in the replication phase were primarily intheir second year while the courses in each transfer phase represented more advanced courses atRPI and generally served students at a higher level in their academic career. The majority ofstudents enrolled in the course in the context-transfer phase were third and fourth year studentsin mechanical or aeronautical engineering

Conference Session

Recruitment, Retention, and First-Year Programs in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric A Freudenthal, University of Texas, El Paso; Art Duval, University of Texas, El Paso; Sarah Hug, University of Colorado, Boulder; Alexandria Nicole Ogrey; Kien H. Lim, University of Texas, El Paso; Catherine Tabor, El Paso Independent School District; Rebeca Q. Gonzalez, UTEP-Graduate Student and EPISD-Teacher; Alan Siegel, New York University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

. Page 22.1159.8As described in [6], other curricular modules examine the principles underlying ballistic motion, physicaland electrical resonance, and other dynamic phenomena.5. EvaluationOur expectation is that students who attend iMPaCT will have:  Increased competency and confidence at ―computational thinking tasks‖ including programming and math concepts.  Relevant experiences applying math applied towards problems that include computational thinking early enough to affect choices regarding academic major and career.  Greater success in subsequent coursework that includes mathematics or quantitative reasoning.There is a growing body of evidence that these expectations are being met. This section briefly

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joyce M van de Vegte, Camosun College, Victoria, Canada; Alan P. Duncan, Camosun College, Victoria, Canada

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

North America women are severely underrepresented inengineering and technology. Despite efforts made in recent decades, young women continue to Page 22.1239.12choose these fields dramatically less often than young men,8 9 even though many womenengineers and technologists report high job success and satisfaction.10 Girls are more likely tochoose careers that they perceive help people and with which they feel a positive association, andthey prefer to work in teams.11 12 For this reason, when girls visit the department, we showcasesuch renewable energy applications as the use of solar pumping for clean water supplies or solarlighting for rural

Conference Session

Public Policy in Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martin S. High, Oklahoma State University; Joseph M. Nowakowski, Muskingum University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering and Public Policy

as some other career. Students at the undergraduate level may beable to respond to adverse movements by changing majors, and even graduate students willconsider other options if the costs of becoming a professional engineer grow to outweigh thebenefits. On the other hand, degrees are not earned overnight. Movements in relative wages willlikely lead to changes in the number of qualified job candidates in four to six years at thebachelor’s level, a couple of years at the master’s level and six to seven years at the doctorallevel.13 It would not be surprising if falling relative wages would lead to quicker declines in thenumber of job candidates than rising relative wages would produce more candidates.One final note concerns the entry into the

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gillian M. Nicholls, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Neal Lewis, University of Bridgeport; Paul J. Componation, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Ted Eschenbach, University of Alaska, Anchorage

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

(and to avoidjustifiably scathing student critiques when technology is required to be purchased and then not Page 22.1527.8used).In summary, to ensure instructors are providing students with the skills and knowledge they needfor practical application in their careers it’s time to stop focusing on interest tables. The toolsthat are actually used in the real business world are financial calculators and spreadsheets. If weare not teaching our students how to use these tools, then we are not adequately preparing themfor jobs in today’s employment market.Bibliography1. Fish, J. C. L. (1915) Engineering Economics: First Principles, McGraw-Hill.2

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Issues Part II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martin S. High, Oklahoma State University; Steve Harrist, Oklahoma State University; Scott D. Gelfand, Oklahoma State University, Department of Philosophy

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

-Strategies Report – will be provide to the student, and they canbe used throughout the student’s career, especially when in a new professional situation.I. Introduction The number of incidents of ethical breaches and research misconduct is worrisome. Arecently released study reported that the frequency of research misconduct and under-reportingof research misconduct among those receiving funding from the U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services is three instances per year for every 100 researchers.1 In fact, the true annualrate of unethical behavior is greater than three incidents per 100 researchers (it may be fargreater), because this study did not take into account unethical behavior that does not constituteresearch misconduct, e.g

Conference Session

Tools of the Trade

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig G. Downing, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

the survey finalized, theauthor moved on to address the deployment activities.Qualifications to participate in the study required any level of Six Sigma certifications (belt) aswell as active engagement in projects. Individuals were identified for the survey by workingwith Career Services and the Alumni Offices’ databases. Additionally, Six Sigma agents whowere not captured using the Institutional databases received a personal communication from theauthor.With the target population identified, each potential participant received an email invitationrequesting their participation in the study. If the email recipient was not an active Six Sigmapractitioner, they were asked to forward the email to the appropriate person(s) within

Conference Session

Multimedia and Distance Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Judith R. Pearse, University of Maine

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, where she taught introductory courses and co-directed the NSF-sponsored Young Scholars Program. Her most recent service to the University began in 2001, when she began teaching in the EET Program. Her technical courses include Digital Systems, Programmable Logic Controllers, and DC/AC Circuit Analysis, but her strength lies in teaching the more humanistic side of engineering in Introduction to EET and Project Management. Her student evaluations earned her the University of Maine’s Presidential Outstanding Teacher of the Year Award in 2010 and the College of Engineering’s Early Career Teaching Award in 1995. Prior to 2001, Judith held several engineering and project management positions throughout Maine, including

Conference Session

Assessment Methods and Learning Pedagogy II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jyhwen Wang, Texas A&M University; Alex Fang, Texas A&M University; Michael Ryan Golla, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

within a system to provide transmission of thatpower into useful work; experimental application of the related theory as it relates to theindustrial distributor. All theory taught is linked to the "real world" for application in Page 22.1686.3industry.Course Objective: To prepare the Industrial Distribution student for a career in theindustry of Fluid Power Technology. This is accomplished through the interaction ofboth theory and laboratory "hands on" exercises using real world components andsystems related to the Fluid Power industry.The course is designed for the students in the Industrial Distribution program at _University. Tables 1 and 2 show the

Conference Session

ELOS Best Paper Nominations

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Ridgely, California Polytechnic State University; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

) The Effective Prototype Principle: The concepts that students must formulate, construct, modify, etc. must be robust in terms of their applicability to the future academic and professional life of the engineering students. A high-quality MEA will help students work with several important and common concepts.In a course on mechanical measurements at California State Polytechnic University, we haveused the MEA principles to develop a series of assignments which require teams of students tosolve problems of a scope and nature very similar to that which they are expected to encounter intheir engineering careers. To successfully solve these problems, the students must work inteams, understand the physical principles relevant to the

Conference Session

ELOS Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Curtis Brackett, Bradley University; David Zietlow, Bradley University

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

AC 2011-2498: OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A PUMP AND PIPING SYSTEMCurtis Brackett, Bradley University I am a senior mechanical engineering major at Bradley University in Peoria, IL. I am originally from Aurora, IL. I am the team captain for Bradley’s Formula SAE senior project. I am very interested and plan on developing my career in the field of energy generation.David Zietlow, Bradley University Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Bradley University The primary author is Curtis Brackett, candidate for BSME May 2011 Page 22.1126.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Paul Tallon, University of Pittsburgh; Dan Budny, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

in Rancho Santa Margarita, California, and serves more than 250,000 membersin more than 12,500 clubs in 106 countries.Members Have the Opportunity to:  Learn and practice techniques of effective public speaking.  Prepare and deliver formal speeches on subjects of their own choosing.  Give impromptu talks on assigned topics.  Gain speaking experience that relates to specific career needs.  Sharpen their listening/evaluation skills.  Learn proper parliamentary procedure.  Preside as a meeting chairman.  Gain valuable leadership management experience  Gain personal confidence that will help when speaking to one person or one thousand.  Enter Toastmasters International‘s Annual Speech Contest, ―The World Championship of Public

Conference Session

General Topics in Graduate Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzanne M. Kresta, University of Alberta; John A. Nychka, University of Alberta; Roger Graves, University of Alberta

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

variety of reasons, creating a new course is unworkable. In someways a course may not be the ideal solution because it is often removed from the context ofwriting in a working research group. One ideal solution would be a problem-based learninggroup that is facilitated by instructors in Engineering or writing, and embedded in thedepartment’s activities (e.g., researching, presenting, and publishing). Departments can establishthese learning groups, and writing centres (writing across the curriculum programs) on thecampuses of large universities are often eager to support these groups.Ultimately we came away from the workshop with these thoughts: 1. Technical writing skills must be learned continually throughout a career as new writing

Conference Session

IE Technical Session I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abhijit Gosavi, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Jane M. Fraser, Colorado State University, Pueblo

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

usage from going to conferences or reading suitable material. Results of our survey indicate that students believe these buzzwords are important in securing jobs and that employers value them. 2. From the long-run perspective of a student’s career, it is essential that the student recognize that the life of most buzzwords is limited and that it is more important to understand the underlying principle rather than the latest buzzword. Without this, the student may not be able to adapt to the new buzzwords of every generation. 3. Buzzwords that confuse students because of similarity with a buzzword of a similar meaning that was in use only a few years back should not be used. In other words, only

Conference Session

A Global Engineer: International and Domestic Engineer

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claudio da Rocha Brito, Science and Education Research Council; Melany M. Ciampi, Safety, Health and Environment Research Organization

Tagged Divisions

International

OrganizationAbstractThe discussions after the Bologna Process in Europe is about to graduate a global engineer, i.e.,an engineer who thinks globally and acts locally. The engineer's training is long; it is not easy toface the demand for Institutions well-equipped labs, etc. The number of students who chooseengineering as a career decreases every year, and it is a phenomenon that occurs in the westernworld. So, add to the table the need to motivate students who will leave the K12 to pursuecareers in technology has been a huge challenge. Another aspect that must be discussed is aboutthe engineering professor who has to deal with very different students than s/he was. About thatthere is already an organization that for 39 years has been preparing, certifying

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods Potpourri I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sohum Sohoni, Oklahoma State University; Donald P. French, Oklahoma State University; YoonJung Cho, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

-72.27. H.F. Kaiser and J. Rice, Little Jiffy, Mark Iv. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1974. 34(1): p. 111-117.28. R. Cattell, The Scree Test for the Number of Factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1966. 1(2): p. 245- 276.29. C. Fernet, et al., The Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers. Journal of Career Assessment, 2008. 16: p. 256-279. Page 22.1097.13

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; Rong Pan, Arizona State University; Jun Zheng, University of Texas, El Paso; Carolyn Joy Awalt, University of Texas, El Paso, College of Education; Maria Veronica Gonzalez, University of Texas, El Paso; Francisco Medina

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

, establish close ties among different schools andprograms, and promote interdisciplinary education. Yet current education models areprimarily based on the learning in the classroom with a clear delineation betweendisciplines. Students attend the lectures and are evaluated through homework problems,class projects and exams. Even though the importance of team work has been stressedover the years for the successful engineering career development, the extent ofimplementation is limited to the team projects in the classroom. Manyengineering/business courses are pure lecture-based, and do not usually containcomponents that help student to boost their communication skills within the frameworkof engineering problems. The limited exposure to this critical

Conference Session

Distance and Web-based Learning in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yacob Astatke, Morgan State University; Craig J. Scott, Morgan State University; Jumoke 'Kemi Ladeji-Osias, Morgan State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

institution in the United States has combined bothtechnologies to offer ECE undergraduate courses completely online. This new approachrepresents a major paradigm shift in the way higher education institutions should think whendelivering Electrical Engineering education. We hope that it will open the door to many studentswho are candidates for joining the science, technology, engineering and mathematics workforcesuch as, current and new personnel relocating to new military bases, mid-career employees, andex-military personnel because they typically require the opportunity to continue to earn a livingwhile pursing their education and are most often unable to relocate to college campuses for thetwo to three years required to complete the requisite

Conference Session

Design Across Disciplines

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James M. Leake, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; David Weightman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

collaborate if they use different and variably compatible software platformsfor their design work. Our decision to work with Autodesk products is because the company isstriving to achieve compatibility and integrated workflows across the wide range of software intheir portfolio. Whilst it is possible to collaborate in ways not dependent on software, the realityis that the manufacturing industries that most of students will join in their future careers useCAD as the means of supporting and conducting their operations.Steps have been taken to correct this problem. Rather than expecting industrial design students tobe productive with Alias in a single semester, they can instead elect to focus on either Inventor orInventor Fusion as their primary

Conference Session

SE Capstone Design Projects, Part II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radu F. Babiceanu, University of Arkansas, Little Rock; Daniel Rucker, University of Arkansas, Little Rock; Hussain M Al-Rizzo, University of Arkansas, Little Rock; Seshadri Mohan, University of Arkansas, Little Rock

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering, Systems Engineering

ofbuilding the specialty engineering education on a sound systems engineering foundation.Being close to graduation, students enrolled in the capstone design sequence expect that theprojects selected for the course are part of the real-world such that they can apply the knowledgeand skills acquired in their undergraduate program to solving problems that have relevance to Page 22.613.4real-world organizations, and thus being better prepared to start their career, upon acceptance ofa job offer. Students expect to be actively involved with the client organization in data collection,and information sharing with both the management and the engineering

Conference Session

Alternative Energy Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oxana S. Pantchenko, University of California, Santa Cruz; Daniel Scott Tate, University of California, Santa Cruz; Daniel O'Leary, University of California, Santa Cruz; Michael S. Isaacson, University of California, Santa Cruz; Ali DUPE Shakouri

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

school next year in pursuit of a career in patent law. His interests include electrochemistry, DNA sequencing, renewable energy and microfluidics.Daniel OLeary, Univ. of Calif. Santa Cruz Having earned a BS in Computer Engineering from the University of Southern California and a BA in Management Engineering from Claremont McKenna College; Dan O’Leary is currently working on a PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, Santa Cruz. His research at the Renewable Energy Lab at NASA Ames in Mountain View, CA investigates the use of wind and solar power on electric vehicles, energy storage, and smart grid technologies. More information on this project can be found at re.soe.ucsc.edu.Dr. Michael S

Conference Session

ABET and Curriculum-Level Assessments

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph J. McCarthy, University of Pittsburgh; Robert S. Parker, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

of certain subject matter. rors. Figure 6: Concept Map Scoring Rubric 25Figures 7 and 8 where traditional, transitional, and Pillar cohorts are compared (and Pillarcohorts include results from sophomores and juniors as well as seniors). When comparing theaverage scores obtained, there is an encouraging trend that not only do Pillars students have ahigher median score on each measure versus the traditional cohort group, but they are achievingcomparable scores to the traditional cohorts earlier in their careers. Specifically, seniors thatfollowed the traditional curriculum received a “Total” median score of 2.42, while studentsfollowing the pillars curriculum received

Conference Session

Capstone Projects and Experiential Learning

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian D Vuksanovich, Youngstown State University; Darrell R Wallace, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

asolution that maintains the original design intent while economically and safely solving theproblem.4. a clearer direction for their career interest was realizedThe students were able to see the aspects of the technology field that they liked and had the bestaptitude for. Some saw that they liked manufacturing aspects, others likes the design side. Theyalso looked into different industries such as automotive, defense, entertainment, automation andproduction.5. pursuit of practical experience (internships, co-ops or part-time jobs) opportunitiesThis became very important for each participant. All of the participants started looking for careeropportunities on their own as their interest in technology increased. Each student that completedthe class

Conference Session

Issues Affecting Engineering Program Development

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miguel Angel Ramos, University of Houston; Lauren Chapman, Boston College; Mac Cannady, Boston College; Enrique Barbieri, University of Houston

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

in activities directly related to theproposed models, most respondents did indicate they have taken action relative to differentissues and ideas raised during the forum. Several of these actions have been informal discussionswith colleagues; however, some have explored specific issues such as the career path options of Page 22.655.8engineering versus engineering technology students and the concept of engineering technologyas part of the engineering profession. As pointed out by the evaluators, although these actions donot directly address the proposed models, they do help facilitate discussion about the nature ofengineering and engineering

Conference Session

Computers in Education General Technical Session I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert P. Taylor, University of Alabama; Keith A. Woodbury, The University of Alabama

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2011-1526: EXCEL ADD-INS FOR GAS DYNAMICS COURSESRobert P Taylor, University of Alabama Dr. Robert Taylor is professor of mechanical engineering at The University of Alabama and associate director of the Alabama Industrial Assessment Center. Before joining the UA faculty in 2004, he served for 25 years at Mississippi State University as an ME professor, associate dean of engineering, and interim dean of engineering. Bob has a BS and PhD from MSU and a master’s degree from Purdue University. He also worked as an engineer for Texaco, Inc., early in his career. Bob teaches courses in heat transfer, energy systems design, and gas dynamics. His research interests are in the areas of heat transfer and fluid

Conference Session

Computer and InformationTechnology-Related Issues

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Li Tan, Purdue University, North Central

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

hobbyists; 4. students also appreciate a flexible and collaborative learningenvironment. Most research outcomes have shown a positive learning perception of computergame-based learning approaches.Similarly, in the age of computer technology, engineering technology students always findcourses with computer game related applications more motivating and interesting than traditionalcourses taught using classical methods. As a mater of fact, many yang students (new generation) Page 22.679.2who have chosen their career path in engineering technology are greatly influenced by thecurrent game industry. In addition, the majority of technology students also

Conference Session

Assessing, Developing, and Enhancing the Engineering Experiential Education Experience

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

regard to theapplicability of such socio economic educational philosophies. In this paper the authorattempts to outline his efforts in assessing and promoting service learning at Miami University.Introduction The service-learning opportunities at colleges and universities should be aimed at thedevelopment of the civic education of student learners however, the service-learning coursemust nevertheless be focused on career preparation of the college students as well.Furthermore it must be clearly acceptable to the appropriate accreditation agencies.This has been substantiated by Alexander Astin’s research for instance (Astin, 1982, 1985 &1999). Astin has shown that commitment to service tends to be lowest at institutions thatplace

Conference Session

Computers in Education General Technical Session II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Walter, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

to many different measurement platforms over theirschooling career. In one sense this experience is valuable because it prepares students becomeadept at using new equipment. However, it also means significant amount of lab-time is spent tobecome familiar with the set-up and mechanical manipulation of the new platform. Lab tutorialscan be used to instruct students on the new platform without using valuable lab-time.Challenge 3 Diverse student backgrounds and lack of ‘tinkering’ experience.In years past, most engineering students developed a capacity for measurement or hands-on skillsbefore entering college. These days, it is less likely that a majority of incoming engineeringstudents have been „tinkering‟ in their garage. In fact it‟s more