Conference Session

Construction Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric A Holt, University of Nebraska ; Scott Kelting, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) Certified Green Professional (CGP) Designation into University Construction Management ProgramsThe Certified Green Professional (CGP) designation from the National Association of HomeBuilders (NAHB) has been recognized nationally in the residential construction industry forleading the way in green building and enhancing the professionalism of the residentialconstruction industry. From fall 2009 to spring 2014, NAHB has partnered with ten universityconstruction management programs to teach the CGP profession designation. In this timeperiod, nine CM faculty has taught 21 CGP classes, with 329 students participating in the CGPTraining. The addition of the CGP course and

Conference Session

Communication Across the Divisions I: Communication in Engineering Disciplines

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David A. Saftner, University of Minnesota Duluth; Mary U. Christiansen; Adrian T. Hanson, University of Minnesota Duluth; Jill D. Jenson, University of Minnesota Duluth; Sara Ojard; Rebecca L. Teasley, University of Minnesota Duluth; Emily Woster, University of Minnesota Duluth

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

and writing studies faculty. The collaboration reinforced workdone in the required writing classes and allowed both parties to leverage their expertise. Thewriting guide currently contains sections detailing reports, figures, tables, equations, references,memos, homework, professional e-mails, and a general grading rubric. The rubric is generalenough so that individual instructors can adapt it for a given assignment, while maintaining aconsistent framework as students move from course to course. Civil engineering faculty used theproposed rubric to evaluate Fall 2014 assignments from a freshman-level introduction to civilengineering course, two required junior-level laboratory courses, and the department’s capstonedesign course; all four

Conference Session

Computer Tutors, Simulation, and Videos

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward J. Berger, Purdue University; Edward A. Pan, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

, University of Virginia Dr. Pan currently develops training for the US Federal Government. He also teaches an online course for the Instructional Technology program at the University of Virginia. His prior work includes research and development of instructional technology for STEM education in pre-K - 12 and undergraduate-level engineering. Page 26.1700.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Video Resources and Peer Collaboration in Engineering Mechanics: Impact and Usage Across Learning OutcomesAbstractVideo resources, largely in the form of recorded

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Ranalli, Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton; Jacob Preston Moore, Pennsylvania State University, Mont Alto

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

attached to the original graded assignment. Resubmissions were graded and returned to students as in step 2. 4. Students were permitted to continue the resubmission cycle until all problems were correct, or until two-weeks had passed from the initial due date. Only the final scores on assignments were used in computing final grades, meaning that students were not penalized for initially incorrect answers that were corrected on resubmission. Page 26.1187.5During the first course meeting, the method detailed above and in the course syllabus wasdescribed verbally to the students. During this description, the

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan C Morales, Universidad del Turabo; Yacob Astatke, Morgan State University; Kenneth A Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Michael J. Prince, Bucknell University; Idalides Vergara-Laurens, Universidad del Turabo; Mary Cristina Ruales Ortega, Universidad del Turabo

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

show that the program has been well received by the faculty; that the faculty members areenjoying the experiences with innovative teaching methodologies in the classroom; that thestudents are more engaged in the classroom; that diffusion of the methodology is taking place asevidenced by the use of the innovations in 60% of the lectures; and that additional diffusion istaking place as evidenced by the fact that faculty members are beginning to transform, on theirown time, courses other than those transformed during the SFIP summer (40% of the lectures).The most challenging issue for implementing these innovations is “time to cover the syllabus”.Better time management is required in the classroom that is still yet to be resolved. A

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Inna Mikhailovna Gorodetskaya, Kazan National Research Technological University; Farida Tagirovna Shageeva, Kazan National Research Technological University; Elvira Valeeva, Kazan National Research Technological University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

possible only on the macro-level of choosing the major and not on the level ofspecific courses as the curriculum is set by Federal Educational Standards and not reallysubject to changes. Unlike the Western educational system, in Russia students usually do notselect particular courses within their major. During the semester they study disciplinessuggested to them by the educational standard. To some extent the problem ofindividualization may be solved by the system of additional certificates to higher professionaleducation (equivalent of minor degree) where students may develop social, psychological,linguistic competences that will help his future international marketability. One of the main requirements for a mobile person is to master a

Conference Session

Manufacturing Materials and Processes

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ergin Erdem, Robert Morris University; Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

processes, and various finishing operations (e.g. grinding) were introduced. In orderto augment and reinforce the learning of the key manufacturing processes, CAE basedapproaches area also introduced. To simulate the casting process CastViewTM software is used.Figure 1 and Table 1 below present the related sections of the syllabus. Figure 1 demonstratesthe key course information while Table 1 provides the laboratory sessions that are conducted.The size of the laboratory sessions depends on the nature of the manufacturing process in focus.It usually varies between 3 to 15 students. For example, the computer sessions are usuallyconducted in groups of 15, whereas welding laboratory sessions are conducted in groups of 3 and4, where each student have an

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gunter Bischof, University of Applied Sciences Joanneum, Graz; Andreas Zwölfer, University of Applied Sciences Joanneum, Graz; Domagoj Rubeša, University of Applied Sciences Joanneum, Graz

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

othermodules. And, in addition, it often turns out that bridging courses are attended mainly by thewell prepared and most hard working students, who never miss a chance to learn somethingextra (see e.g. Sazhin12).Some universities attempt to cope with the different levels of mathematical preparedness bystreaming their students and teaching the weaker group separately, sometimes using theservices of experienced school teachers rather than university lecturers. In order to cover thesame syllabus as the stronger group it may be necessary to increase contact hours for theweaker group13. Page 26.410.16Amongst the range of strategies for coping with a serious

Conference Session

General Technical Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John P. Mullen, New Mexico State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Paper ID #13310Helping Students Develop Better Skills in Solving Word ProblemsDr. John P. Mullen, New Mexico State University Dr. Mullen has been at NMSU since 1990. He currently teaches and does research in stochastic and deterministic OR. Most of his courses are distance or online courses, though he does teach a few blended courses. Page 26.842.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Helping Students Develop Better Skills in Solving Word ProblemsIntroductionStudents often

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allie S Peters, Oregon State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University; Kevin Chang P.E., University of Idaho, Moscow; Katherine N Thorton; Kristen Shinohara; Kacey D Beddoes, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

thatembodies the technology as a material or physical object, and (2) a software aspect,consisting of the information base for the tool.8Prior educational research involving Diffusion of Innovations (DI) theory has focused on theuse of computer technology,9 course management systems,10,11 and online teachingmaterials.12 While these studies have found the adoption of technology in classrooms to becorrelated to student achievements13 and teaching experience,14 the focus tends to be on thehardware components of technologies and neglects the software components. Research onhardware has identified relationships between use of technologies and the characteristics ofadopters,15,16,17 but it has not addressed the adopters’ perspectives, which have been argued

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justine M. Chasmar, Clemson University; Brian J. Melloy, Clemson University; Lisa Benson, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

StudentsAbstractThe Study Cycle is a set of guidelines rich with self-regulated learning (SRL) techniques thatenables students to plan, prepare, and enact their studying by focusing on five comprehensivesteps: previewing before class, engaging in class, reviewing after class, holding study sessions,and seeking help as a supplement. This paper reports on initial findings of a qualitative study inwhich a workshop on the Study Cycle was taught to a class of second-year IndustrialEngineering students as an intervention, aiming to understand effects of the module onengineering students’ SRL strategy use in an engineering course. Students self-reported SRLstrategy use in a one-minute paper pre-workshop and two sets of post-workshop reflections. Thispaper examines

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Q. Peter He, Tuskegee University; Jin Wang, Auburn University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

course syllabus change oraddition needed, making adoption extremely easy – the instructor can straightforwardly replace orsupplement some of the textbook examples and homework problems with the examples andproblems provided by the classroom module. Page 26.986.5 4(continued on next page) Page 26.986.6 5 Figure 1 A classroom module on Raoult’s law.3.2 Web modulesFor the web modules, we have been developing a glossary, collections of commonly usedequipments, different biofuel processes, animated video clips, and a reference

Conference Session

International Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Muench P.E., University of Washington; Ashley Ann Thompson, University of Washington/PCS Structural Solutions; Sheryl Brandalik

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

.• Facilities: o On campus: standard classroom o In Rome: UW Rome Center• Cost: o Program fee: $4,800. Other administrative fees add another $300. o Recommended student budget: $7,000 to $7,500 is recommended for students to cover the program fee, airfare, food, and other living essentials.• Syllabus: o Course catalog description: Engineering-focused Exploration Seminar that covers Roman civil engineering over 3,000 years from Ancient Rome to the present day. Introduction to civil engineering topics reinforced by practical engineering calculations, local experts and site visits. Provides international and historical perspective on engineering and the

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelly Brumbelow, Texas A&M University; Debra A. Fowler, Texas A&M University; James R. Morgan, Texas A&M University; Whitney L. Anthony, Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Page 26.1599.14online resources that students can use for reinforcement and refreshment of difficult topics. Acatalog of dozens of pre-existing, publicly available online videos (e.g., Khan Academy) hasbeen compiled and disseminated to students covering a wide range of topics in calculus, physics,chemistry, statistics, and others, with cross-referencing to specific courses (currently available athttp://ceresources.weebly.com/). Departmental faculty are at work on producing similar videos tocover topics at more mid- and upper-levels in the curriculum. Combined with beginning-of-course diagnostics, these resources should help students identify weak points in theirunderstanding (another form of gap) and have ready resources to address them.In

Conference Session

Engineering Physics & Physics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hank D. Voss, Taylor University; Scott Henry Moats, Crown College; Bill Chapman, University of Arizona

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

). The syllabus for this class is given in Appendix 3. The FE Examassessments to find curriculum gaps and other outcomes for the Principles class to help mediateare given in Appendix 4 and 5.This key class is essential for a 2 year program and for a 4 year program to bring students to ahigh level for the following reasons:  It helps glue together the various engineering fundamentals (1.0), labs and design (2.0), STEM skills (3.0), and ideas of creative design (4.0) as illustrated in Figure 6 below.  It gives students the necessary skills to qualify for good summer internships. A resume is required and part of the homework assignments.  The course gives closure to the two year experience so students can begin to create

Conference Session

Communication as Performance

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Golder, British Columbia Institute of Technology; Darlene B. Webb, British Columbia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

. However,one of the entry criteria is that participants must have taken a Communication course at Page 26.571.2the institute within the last five years. In their Communication courses, students getinstruction on preparing and delivering effective presentations and give at least onepresentation as an assignment in the course. See Appendix A for a sample syllabus fromone of the first-term Communication courses.Idol is advertised around campus and the opportunity to participate is promoted in classesby instructors. A maximum of 32 students can register. Typically, about 20 to 24 studentscompete in two rounds, giving six- to eight-minute presentations on

Conference Session

Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and Digital Systems Education 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheng Chih Liu, University of Wisconsin Stout

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

days per week and two hours each time, so the course has one more hourthan traditional 3 credit hour courses, and is organized into a 40-minute lecture and a one hourand twenty minutes lab exercise for each class. On the first day of the class, the instructor Page 26.1472.4reviewed the syllabus of the course, course structure, and described the expectations of thecourse and student expectations from the instructor, and explained how a course grade and labwork were determined and evaluated. The project grading rubric was also introduced to thestudents in the first day of the class and is shown in Table 6. A 40-minute lecture covers

Conference Session

Latest Trends and Implementations in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

impact.”  “My experience will definitely have an impact on student achievement. The more honest experiences I can provide to my students whether directly in a lesson or just in conversation then the more students will feel a direct link to a program or plan of furthering their own education.”  “I think there will be an impact on helping prepare kids for research.”  “Yes, it will have a great impact on the students, because I met other colleagues teaching the same course as mine and we brainstormed on how to effectively improve our teaching skills in the field of robotics, automaton and mechatronics. Besides that, the research experience I had will be incorporated in my syllabus.”  “Yes, I

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth A Cudney, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Julie Ezzell

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Academy of Engineering(NAE) has identified that the engineers of 2020 need to have strong analytical and problemsolving skills while being readily adaptable to advancing technologies in a globally connectedworld (1). A classroom syllabus typically contains conventional lectures and a group project. Itmay also contain a business example provided by a guest lecture or case study. These currentteaching methods have displayed positive results, but barriers between academia and industrycan be made seamless by incorporating both advances in technology and motivational techniques(2) . Students will find the transition to be more cohesive after they have completed a curriculumthat facilitates superior student understanding.Initial Assessment: Learning

Conference Session

Microprocessor, Microcontrollers, and Embedded Systems Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Felipe Patarroyo, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez; Gerson Beauchamp, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Aidsa I. Santiago-Roman, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

others, How people learn, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000.[17] E. A. C. a. others, "Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs," ABET Report E1 11/19, vol. 3, 2003.[18] G. Beauchamp, "INEL 5508 Digital Control Systems Course Syllabus," UPRM Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Mayaguez, PR., 2007.[19] L. W. Anderson, D. R. Krathwohl and B. S. Bloom, A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, Allyn & Bacon, 2001.[20] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TMS320F28069 Technical Reference Manual, 2014.[21] Texas Instruments Incorporated, DRV8833 User's Manual, 2014.[22] J. F. Patarroyo and G. Beauchamp, "A Microcontroller Based System for Improving

Collection

2015 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Wenli Guo; Weier Ye

students,with respective emphasis on physics and reading/writing skills so that both professors haveactive roles that complement each other. The goal of this co-teaching project is to explore howthe improvement of summarizing strategies enhances students’ motivation and supports theirlearning in physics. College students tend to ill-define or misrepresent conceptual physics.Research also indicates that students loosely organize physics course concepts in contrast to acoherent whole of interconnected elements perceived by their instructors. Since scientific writingrequires its own types of logical organization, clear sentence structure, and precise word choices,this collaborative project provided content-specific summary writing assignments by

Collection

2015 ASEE Zone 3 Conference

Authors

Norman D. Dennis; Edgar C. Clausen

research obligations • Part-time positions with the same titles, who teach one or more courses on an as-needed basisSome schools advocate multi-year contracts for full-time non-tenure track faculty, and someschools have criteria in place to allow these faculty to advance through the ranks (from assistantprofessor to associate professor to professor) with satisfactory service. Full-time teachingfaculty may teach as many as eight classes per year, many more than their tenure trackcolleagues.It is clear that full-time teaching faculty (hereafter called clinical faculty) need to be qualityteachers because they will be major contributors to the teaching mission of a university, now andin the future. But, as Ambrose and Norman4 note, “when

Collection

2015 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Enhancing Students' Learning in ECE Freshmen Courses ........... 218Experimentation with Flipped Classroom Paradigm in Freshman Level Biomedical EngineeringCourse – Comparison with Advanced Undergraduate Course ................................................... 225Comparing an Online vs. On-ground Undergraduate Engineering Courses in Dynamics .......... 236Service Learning in Engineering Management ........................................................................... 248 IIUsing Security Onion for Hands-On Cybersecurity Labs

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kirsten S Hochstedt, Penn State University; Sarah E Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Thomas A. Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Tricia Bertram Gallant, University of California, San Diego; Robert G. Melton, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Shiyu Liu, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

courses. The focus of this paper ison just one of these courses—a junior-level engineering course—taught by one faculty memberparticipant.Faculty participant. The faculty member whose course is the focus of this study stated that whilehis perception of academic integrity did not change after participating in the integrity initiative,his perception of how to increase students’ understanding of academic integrity did change. Inorder to emphasize the importance of academic integrity, this faculty member stated that hesubstantially changed his course syllabus such that it included a page devoted to academic Page 26.1542.4integrity rather than a short

Conference Session

Exploring Graduate Student Experiences

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Quintana M. Clark, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana; Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

. Page 26.868.5An online Qualtrics survey was used to collect learning ability data. The subject matters testedfor in our analysis were mathematics and English due to their familiarity and vast differences.Participants were undergraduate Purdue University students studying a STEM major in theCollege of Technology. In particular, the participants were enrolled in Tech 12000, DesignThinking in Technology course. The course was comprised of seven sections of about 40students each. Of the enrolled students N=185. The participants of the study were diverse ingender, age, ethnicity, educational level, and major. The 12 different majors identified wereAeronautical Engineering Technology (AET), Aviation Management Technology (AMT),Building Construction

Conference Session

Broadening Participation in Engineering

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marie Anne L Mundy, Texas A&M Kingsville; Sel Ozcelik, Texas A&M University Kingsville; Mohamed Abdelrahman, Texas A&M University-Kingsville; David Ramirez, Texas A&M University-Kingsville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

learning.CASCADE utilizes design exercises and experiences along with cascaded peer-mentoring. TheCASCADE objectives include infusion of the design process for freshman through senior; anincrease of retention of engineering undergraduate students; and an increase in the 6-yearengineering undergraduate graduation rate. Strategies to achieve these objectives includeincorporation of design experience into targeted engineering courses at all levels; creation of aninnovative cascaded mentoring program; and linkage to the TAMUK Javelina InnovationLaboratory (JIL). This paper provides demographic data, retention and graduation rates.Preliminary numbers showing growth in retention and graduation rates are provided. The resultsdemonstrated that the design

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan M. Hicks, University of Florida; Elliot P. Douglas, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, E. (2003, June). Teaching reflective skills in an engineering course. In Proceedings of 2003 ASEE Conference.38. Svarovsky, G. N. (2011). Exploring Complex Engineering Learning Over Time with Epistemic Network Analysis. Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER), 1(2), 4.39. Turns, J. (1997). Learning essays and the reflective learner: supporting assessment in engineering design education. In Frontiers in Education Conference, 1997. 27th Annual Conference. Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change. Proceedings. (Vol. 2, pp. 681-688). IEEE.40. Wiebe, E. N., Branoff, T. J., & Shreve, M. A. (2011). Online resource utilization in a hybrid course in engineering graphics. Advances in Engineering Education, 2

Conference Session

Development as Faculty and Researcher: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Pulford, University of Washington Center for Engineering Learning & Teaching (CELT); Nancy Ruzycki, University of Florida; Cynthia J. Finelli, University of Michigan; Laura D Hahn, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Denise Thorsen, University of Alaska, Fairbanks

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

from engineering; it also attracted others from across campusencompassing such diverse disciplines as education, library science, chemistry, biology, andatmospheric science. The group’s intended purpose was to lower the activation barrier to helpinterested faculty try flipping, by sharing group knowledge and experiences. Accordingly, thelearning community was planned as a “working” community where members would learn fromeach other as they redesigned and flipped their respective course(s) and created online material.The specific goals of this learning community were to: 1) Explore pedagogy of a flippedclassroom. What do students do within and outside of a flipped class? 2) Explore technologiesavailable to support flipping a course. 3) Flip

Conference Session

Issues in Engineering Technolgy Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anne M Lucietto, Purdue University; Nichole Ramirez, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Theassertion that many researchers make is that it is the responsibility of the entire university toassure quality student writing skills. 1,3,4Institutions that have a formalized program have grown over the last 20 years. 5 This growth hasnot been without challenges. To have a successful program institutional buy-in is critical, if it’snot supported from the top of the organization it is likely to fail. 8 Other factors that impact thesuccess of this type of program include:  Possible resistance from the institution’s English department, with concerns that English competency may be developed outside of the traditional Freshman English course. 9  The belief that writing skills are developed prior to attending college. 10  Increased

Conference Session

Curriculum in Engineering Leadership Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven W. Klosterman, Northeastern University; Steven T. McGonagle, Northeastern University; Simon Pitts, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

Leadership Program (GEL) is to “create an elite cadre ofengineering leaders with exceptional abilities to lead engineering teams by providing purpose,direction and motivation to influence others to achieve collective goals.”In prior papersi an overview of the complete structure of GEL has been described, including theassessment of industry’s need for improvement in engineering leadership and the current impactand consequences of poorly led engineering projects. A representative syllabus and approach tothe engineering, product development, technical and scientific content was also presented.Further, the global risk to the competitiveness of companies if this need is not addressed waspresented in 2012ii.The following sections describe themes that the