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Displaying results 61 - 90 of 1227 in total
Collection
2011 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting
Authors
Shoba Krishnan; Ruth Davis; Marco Bravo; Melissa Gilbert
been symbiotic with SantaClara University students gaining design experience and the Walden West camp gettinginfrastructure built. Now this strong ongoing relationship is becoming self-sustaining withstudents brainstorming ways of integration for more efficient use. For example, during the designphase, the two teams of this academic year are planning to build an energy storage system thatcombines the solar power generated from “Make it Rain” with the wind energy harnessed from“Blades of Power”.STEM Outreach Component of the Projects Walden West’s camp program is operated on the premise that students learn best throughinvolvement in hands-on educational activities. “The mission of the Walden West SchoolFoundation is to inspire every
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Don E. Malzahn, Wichita State University; Lawrence E. Whitman, Wichita State University; Zulma Toro-Ramos, Wichita State University
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
and discuss the issues. This isintended to build a vocabulary of leadership concepts that directly relates to their currentcognitive and affective structures. Additionally there are several team lead workshops (10)designed to develop team management skills for the whole class (group decision making,presentations, conflict resolution, meeting management, and project planning and scheduling,etc.). Each of these experiences and activities is examined at the immediate and direct level thenviewed “from the balcony” for analysis.Multiple direct and indirect assessments of leadership development and skill mastery are used.These include detailed peer assessments using the new leadership vocabularies, progress inpersonal skill development, written
Conference Session
Capstone Design III
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mohamed E. El-Sayed, Kettering University; Jacqueline A. El-Sayed, Kettering University; Timothy M. Cameron, Miami University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
University Dr Jacqueline El-Sayed is a professor of Mechanical Engineering at Kettering University and the Richard L. Terrel Professor of Excellence in Teaching. She is the founding chairperson of the Planning and Assessment Council appointed by the provost and president. This university wide, shared governance council facilitates the strategic planning and assessment for the campus. In addition she is a commissioner for the State of Michigan in the area of commercial vehicle safety. She is married and has three children.Timothy M. Cameron, Miami University Page 22.805.1 c American
Conference Session
Innovative Methods to Teach Engineering to URMs
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Gordon W. Skelton, Jackson State University; Qing Pang, Jackson State University; Wei Zheng, Jackson State University; HuiRu Shih, Jackson State University; Tzusheng Pei, Jackson State University
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
Creativity, Self-regulated Learning, and Motiva- tion through Cyberinfrastructure-enabled Problem/Project-based Learning”, American Education Science Review, vol. 1, no. 1, February, 2010 Wei Zheng, Jianjun Ying, Gordon Skelton, Huiru Shih, Tzusheng Pei and Evelyn Leggette, ”Strategies in Science and Engineering Studies”, Journal of Information Systems Technology and Planning, vol. 2, issue 3, winter 2009. N. Meghanathan, S. Sharma and G. W. Skelton, ”Use of Mobile Sinks to Disseminate Data in Wireless Sensor Networks,” International Journal of Information Processing, vol. 2, no. 2, April/ May 2008. Marc Bitner, Gordon Skelton, ”Low Cost, Highly Effective Parallel Computing Achieved Through a Beowulf Cluster
Conference Session
Accreditation and Assessment in SE Programs
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Massood Towhidnejad, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach; Thomas B. Hilburn, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach; Salamah Salamah, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach
Tagged Divisions
Software Engineering Constituent Committee
Beach Dr. Thomas B. Hilburn is a Professor Emeritus of Software Engineering at Embry-Riddle Aeronauti- cal University. He has also worked on software engineering research and education projects with the FAA, General Electric, Harris Corp, the MITRE Corporation, DOD, FIPSE, the SEI and the NSF. His current interests include software processes, object-oriented design, formal specification techniques, and curriculum development. He is an IEEE Certified Software Developer, SEI-Certified PSP Developer, and currently chairs the Curriculum Committee of the IEEE-CS Educational Activities Board and Planning Committee of the IEEE-CS Professional Activities Board.Salamah Salamah, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach
Conference Session
New Teaching Methods in Construction Eduction
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Casey Cline, Boise State University
Tagged Divisions
Construction
undertaken by Cline4 to determine the key competencies needed by constructionproject managers, it was found that effective project managers must possess fundamentalconstruction management skills, project administration skills, business writing andcommunication skills, and soft skills, such as negotiation, leadership, and teamwork.Specifically it was found that the five most important skills were: 1. Leadership 2. Construction Management 3. Professional and Ethical Judgement Page 22.535.2 4. Contracts 5. Plan Reading -%-Construction EducationA great body of research exists that has attempted to
Collection
2011 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting
Authors
R. Radharamanan
entrepreneurial senior design projects were funded; 50 ormore students participated in the business plan/entrepreneurial senior design projectcompetitions; one of the projects received national and state recognition; five projects receivedregional/Mercer awards; more than 30 papers were presented in regional, national, andinternational conferences by faculty and students; students and faculty applied for 3 provisionalpatents and 1 utility patent; students and faculty are in the process of forming at least two startupcompanies focusing on low cost electromechanical and biomedical devices; and more than 20students are working as intrapreneurs in major industries/corporations in Georgia andneighboring states. Students and faculty team are preparing to
Collection
2011 Northeast Section Meeting
Authors
S Claudina Vargas
concepts and principles of DAE began with aresearch questions development exercise (RQDE) in which the students developedresearch questions or hypotheses about things they wanted to research about rockets andproposed experimental plans for discovering facts or improving their understanding. Thesequestions or ideas were discussed within the teams. At the end, each team selected thequestions or hypotheses they would research and elaborated an experimentation plan toverify or refute the questions. The teams recorded their proposals in logs, shared theirproposals with the class to further their discussion, and submitted copies for review andfeedback. Over time, these proposals evolved into the students’ final research proposals(see below).The next
Conference Session
Manufacturing Capstone and Design Projects
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Steven Fleishman, Western Washington University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
for skyscraper structures. Western Washington University currently offers a 4-credit course entitled Foundry,Forming and Joining, which is required for Manufacturing Engineering Technology (MET)majors. It is also planned as a requirement for the soon-to-be revised Vehicle EngineeringTechnology (VET) program that is targeted for 2013 implementation. The course presentlyfocuses on multiple welding process technologies, including gas, SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, gasand plasma cutting, as well as practical fabrication projects, project management topics, andfoundry processes, which include dry sand and green sand casting. In response to commentsprovided by our industrial advisory committee in regards to the content and depth of coveragecurrently
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship Faculty Development
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cynthia C. Fry, Baylor University; William M. Jordan, Baylor University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
Entrepreneurship Education Network (KEEN)Innovators program to help faculty learn the importance of the entrepreneurial mindset, not onlyin how they approach their vocation, but also in how they expose students to these sameattributes. We discuss the program design, its initial implementation, challenges faced, lessonslearned, and plans for the future.In the last fifty years, the emphasis in engineering education has been to equip our students withthe analytical tools thought to be needed for success in the workforce and/or graduate school.This is in contrast to the more hands-on educational model employed before the rapidindustrialization seen during World War II.1,2 In Friedman’s book, “The World is Flat,” andPink’s book, “A Whole New Mind,” although
Conference Session
Manufacturing Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel J. Waldorf, California Polytechnic State University
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
forced to resort to other high-costalternatives, such as stocking critical items themselves or planning for rapid import of neededgoods from some other region. Recent events such as the Katrina flooding in New Orleans andthe earthquake relief efforts in Haiti have underscored the importance of local regions becomingself-sufficient (at least for a few days) and have highlighted the incredible costs of flying in largequantities of goods (e.g., bottled water) to a hard-hit region.Most communities, however, do have considerable local manufacturing capacity. Although thetrend of shifting production overseas has diminished the base of producers in the United States,there is still tremendous capacity and most cities have a number of fabricators of
Conference Session
ETD Design V: Classroom Delivery, Course Content, and Assessments
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mike Eastman, Rochester Institute of Technology; Fred Walker, Rochester Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
common components/characteristics most pertinent to ET curriculaare as follows:  All programs would retain a career focus,  All programs would continue to emphasize or require cooperative educational experiences,  All programs would include educational experiences intended to engage students in the design or application of innovation within their disciplines,  All programs would include educational opportunities for student research, and  All programs would include an opportunity for study abroad that does not delay graduation.Calendar Conversion Relative to ET Curricular NeedsWhile calendar conversion with guiding principles and common components/characteristics maysound attractive for planning and
Conference Session
Thinking Outside the Box! Innovative Curriculum Exchange for K12 Engineering
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sharlene Yang, Museum of Science, Boston; Christine M. Cunningham, Museum of Science
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
Water Filters (Environmental Engineering) This unit addresses the increasingly important issue of water quality through lessons that teach students about water contamination and the ways that people ensure the quality of their drinking water. Students will first think like environmental engineers as they review a mural of a small American community, noting possible sources of pollution and suggesting ways to clean up or eliminate the source of the pollution. Students will then focus on the environmental engineering problem of providing safe drinking water as they plan, construct, test, and improve their own water filters. 4. Now You’re Cooking: Designing Solar Oven (Green Engineering) This unit guides
Conference Session
Professional Graduate Education and Industry
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ronald J. Bennett, Univeristy of Saint Thomas; Elaine R. Millam, University of Saint Thomas
Tagged Divisions
College Industry Partnerships, Graduate Studies
the definition of leadership and professionalism. At the same time webegan a benchmarking initiative of six other university engineering schools, searching for bestpractices. These benchmarking visits provided ideas that we incorporated into our plan for a newapproach to assessing the effectiveness of our Master of Science in Technology Management(MSTM) program.After considerable discussion and input from employers, students and the Advisory Board, wecreated a new three-part course titled “Leveraging Leadership for a Lifetime” (LLL-I, II, III).This sequence of three one-credit courses, spread throughout the full MSTM degree program,was designed to provide the student with an ongoing close look at herself/himself as a learner, aleader, and the
Conference Session
Enhancing Instructional Effectiveness in Civil Engineering: Case Studies
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Fernando Fonseca, Brigham Young University; Steven E. Benzley, Brigham Young University; James Nelson, Brigham Young University; A. Woodruff Miller, Brigham Young University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
Page 22.486.2Responsibility. These outcomes are couched in the following six levels of attainment specifiedwith Bloom’s Taxonomy.4 1. Knowledge - the remembering of previously learned material. 2. Comprehension - the ability to grasp the meaning of material. 3. Application - the ability to use learned material in new and concrete situations. 4. Analysis - the ability to break down material into its component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood. 5. Synthesis - the ability to put together to form a new whole. This may involve the production of a unique communication, a plan of operation (research proposal), or a set of abstract relations (scheme for
Conference Session
Structural Education Applications in Architectural Engineering
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Orla Smyth LoPiccolo, State University of New York, Farmingdale State College
Tagged Divisions
Architectural
how to draw a plan,section, elevation and axonometric. Page 22.823.2In this paper, quantitative spatial reasoning test results and qualitative data of students‘perception of a model project will be presented. This study is a follow-up to the author‘s studyof the use of visual aids in classrooms that are not supplemented with a laboratory component forhands-on learning.Background:Spatial reasoning is ―the mental manipulation of objects and their parts in 2D and 3D space.‖1 Ithas also been defined as concerning the locations of objects, their shapers, their relations to eachother, and the paths they take as they move.2 Research has shown
Conference Session
Best Zone Paper Competition
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Amelito G. Enriquez, Canada College
Tagged Topics
Council of Sections
22.841.5between the end of spring 2009 semester and the beginning of the summer 2009 session. Proceedings of the 2010 American Society for Engineering Education Zone IV Conference Copyright © 2010, American Society for Engineering Education 136Morning sessions were mostly devoted to studying math either in groups or individually usingMyMathTest10, an online system developed by Pearson Education for developing mathplacement tests and short math refresher programs. Note that the first week of the program hadmore workshops related to resources and skills needed for college success. Many of theworkshops planned for the second week
Conference Session
Design Across Disciplines
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Farrokh Attarzadeh, University of Houston; Alan Gow, Alan Gow and Associates; EunSook Kwon, University of Houston
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
implement changes in their curriculum2.Following the guidelines provided by Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP)3 and the NSF-TUES, theauthors met during the summer 2010 to plan and execute a new plan to measure and assessstudent learning outcomes in fall 2010 between two senior level courses in two dissimilardisciplines: Computer Engineering Technology (CETE) in the College of Technology andIndustrial Design (ID) in the College of Architecture. The following section describes how theauthors formulated the collaborative research between the two programs by describing theStudent Learning Outcomes.Student Learning OutcomesThe following QEP Student Learning Outcomes are addressed for each of the six criteriadevised for the two disciplines.1. Students will
Conference Session
Thinking Outside the Box! Innovative Curriculum Exchange for K12 Engineering
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Caitlin R. Thorn, U.S. Air Force Academy; Neal Barlow, U.S. Air Force Academy; Elaine M. Bryant, U.S. Air Force Academy
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
students in the STEM disciplines, and also serves to encourage active learning inthe classroom environment.The United States Air Force Academy offers a Summer Seminar program in which prospectivestudents from around the country take part in numerous workshops to include the following eightSTEM disciplines: Aeronautics, Astronautics, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science,Engineering Mechanics, Physics, Chemistry and Math. These workshops each provide a briefoverview of the respective subject as well as a hands-on project, demonstration, or activity toengage and stimulate student learning and apply their knowledge to real life applications.In the curriculum exchange and demonstration session, the curriculum/lesson plan of theDepartment of
Conference Session
"Green" Topics in Architectural Engineering
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christian Daniel Douglass, University Of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; James M. Leake, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Tagged Divisions
Architectural
. According toCrawley, et. al. although many users rely on a single tool for design decisions, it may be moreproductive to use multiple tools. Additional tools can be used to provide information that asingle tool could not provide, or they can be used as “second opinions” to build confidence in adesign decision7.Building SelectionThe design and floor plan of thebuilding used in the modules arebased on the First Jacobs House8(Figure 1), a 1550 square footresidential building designed byFrank Lloyd Wright in 1936. TheFirst Jacobs House was part ofWright’s Usonia movement. Thebuilding, located in Madison,Wisconsin, was chosen for two mainreasons. One, its smaller size as aresidential building made it moretractable for the purpose of a Figure 1
Conference Session
Broadening Participation of Minority Students in and with K-12 Engineering
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Katherine C. Chen, California Polytechnic State University; Lizabeth T. Schlemer, California Polytechnic State University; Heather Scott Smith, California Polytechnic State University; Teana Fredeen, California Polytechnic State University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering, Minorities in Engineering
interested in and planning to study engineering in college. Changes in self-perceivedabilities, knowledge, and attitudes towards engineering were investigated with statements on aLikert scale to measure the impact of the camp. Analysis revealed that while there was anincrease in all the areas, the Likert scores were already starting out high, consistent with theresponse rate of students planning to study engineering. From conversations and responses to theopen-ended survey questions, we learned that many of the camp participants were trying todistinguish the different types of engineering and very much enjoyed the hands-on approach tothe labs. Results of the assessment have been previously published2, and have influenced thesummer program.Over the
Conference Session
Extending a Hand Back: Older Students Inspiring Younger Students
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kristine R. Csavina, Florida Gulf Coast University; Lisa Zidek, Florida Gulf Coast University
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
Brainstorming 0.625 Define constraints and specifications 0.75 Develop constraints and specifications 1.25 Concept evaluation 0.875 Sustainable design 1.875 Poster presentation -0.25 Career planning -0.125 Bioengineering 0.6875 Bioengineering as a profession -0.375The results of the assessment indicate that the students improved their understanding
Conference Session
Innovative Adult and Technology Enhanced Programs
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kevin James Wainwright, BC Institute of Technology; Barbara Ellen Endicott-Popovsky, University of Washington, Information School; Sarah A. Rajala, Mississippi State University
Tagged Divisions
Continuing Professional Development
Endicott-Popovsky, Ph.D., is the Director for the Center of Information Assurance and Cyber- security at the University of Washington, designated by the NSA as a Center for Academic Excellence in Information Assurance Education and Research. She holds a joint faculty appointment with the Infor- mation School and Masters in Strategic Planning for Critical Infrastructure, following a 20-year industry career marked by executive and consulting positions in IT architecture and project management. Her research interests include enterprise-wide information systems security and compliance management, forensic-ready networks, the science of digital forensics and secure coding practices. Barbara earned her Ph.D. in Computer
Collection
2011 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting
Authors
Rafael D. Alvarez; Raga M. Bakhiet; Theresa M. Garcia; Angeline V. Yang
 Summer Team Internships ● Scholarships  StrengthsQuest assessment and analysis ● Regional STEM Competitions  Faculty Advisors ● San Diego Region Joint Planning ConferenceOne of the most significant activities is the summer team internship in leading science and engineeringfirms across San Diego county providing students with opportunities to increase their knowledge andto develop skills for academic and workplace success, and ultimately to become part of the region’seconomic development. The SPSD activities are designed to address three important educationalfactors:  Raising minority academic achievement in science and engineering  Providing necessary guidance
Conference Session
Engaging Students in Engineering (ENGAGE)
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Susan Staffin Metz, Stevens Institute of Technology; Sheryl A. Sorby, Michigan Technological University; Tricia S. Berry, University of Texas, Austin; Carolyn Conner Seepersad, University of Texas, Austin; Ana Maria Dison, University of Texas, Austin; Yosef S. Allam, The Ohio State University; John A. Merrill, Ohio State University; Wally Peters, University of South Carolina, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Erica Pfister-Altschul, University of South Carolina; Sarah C. Baxter, University of South Carolina; Guangming Zhang, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Mechanical Engineering; James A. Leach, University of Louisville
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
spatial skill-building through an introductory course, may be just as important interms of their overall success and achievement.III. ENGAGE Schools Discuss Their Approach and Experience of Implementing Spatial Skills Visualization Assessment and TrainingThe first cohort of ENGAGE schools supported by the intellectual arguments, research, dataand professional development provided by Dr. Sheryl Sorby at the ENGAGE StrategyImplementation Workshop in February 2010, developed their plans to assess students’ spatialvisualization skills and implement a training course. ENGAGE provided schools with a numberof electronic resources (see Section IV), technical assistance, and a minigrant. Five schoolsincluding the University of Texas at Austin, The
Conference Session
Knowing Ourselves: Research on Engineering Education Researchers
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Junaid A. Siddiqui, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Robin S. Adams, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Lorraine N. Fleming, Howard University; Alison A. Dingwall, Howard University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
evaluation plan alsoincludes long-term impacts, but this is not included in this paper. The survey included closedand open-ended questions regarding participants’ familiarity, confidence and engagement inconducting engineering education research and using research to inform teaching or curriculum.An analysis of the pre-survey illustrates the considerable variability in participants’ backgroundsin engineering education research; however, all participants emphasized a need for betterunderstanding of choosing a conceptual framework for education research, using principles ofrigor in education research, and developing a plan to answer a research question. The aggregateanalysis of pre-post changes indicate gains in the level of familiarity for
Conference Session
Civil Engineering Poster Session
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John V. Tocco, Lawrence Technological University; Donald D. Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
project management experience,or capstone sequence, for the Department of Civil Engineering (Department) at LawrenceTechnological University occurs over two terms: ECE4021 CE Design Project 1 (CE Project 1), a one-credit course offered in the fall, and ECE4033 CE Design Project 2 (CE Project 2), a three-credit course offered in the spring.Students form their own teams of three to five members and develop a project where theygenerate a conceptual design and project management plan. The capstone represents theculmination of the students’ undergraduate education, providing them an opportunity to integratevarious curricular components in preparation for careers as civil engineers.Neither course has an instructor in the traditional sense
Conference Session
Engineering Design in Pedagogy
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ibrahim F. Zeid, Northeastern University; Sagar V. Kamarthi, Northeastern University; Claire Duggan, Northeastern University; Jessica Chin, Northeastern University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education, K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
year of a three-year NSF fundedproject. We have developed and delivered a professional development (PD) course for teachersin urban school districts such as Boston (Massachusetts) Public Schools. The paper covers thedetails of the capstone-based PD program and how it is designed and implemented to advancethe pedagogical skills of the high school teachers, the results, what we have learned, and the datawe collected. We discuss the two types of data we collected (attitude and content knowledge)and what improvements we plan to make for the next PD offering next year. The paper alsodiscusses the evaluation methods developed by the project evaluator and the insight gained fromthe data analysis. Data is presented on teacher attitude change as well
Conference Session
Descriptions of Outreach Programs
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David W. Richerson, University of Utah; Cynthia Furse, University of Utah; Amy Aldous Bergerson, University of Utah
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
Way (PLTW) and International Baccalaureate groups. • Plan and implement a summer camp. • Page 22.1581.3 Establish links/partnerships with community organizations to increase communications and help in the process of building a sustainable pathway of students into engineering. Establish Train to Outreach Undergraduate Do Outreach Visits During Teams In Schools Fall, Winter Recruit Develop HS Present High School Engineering Modules in Teachers Modules Schools
Conference Session
Design Education II
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ronald J. Bennett, Univeristy of Saint Thomas; Elaine R. Millam, Univeristy of Saint Thomas
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
manufacturing processes, 2) process, assembly and productengineering, 3) manufacturing systems design, 4) laboratory experience, and 5) manufacturingcompetitiveness. Manufacturing competitiveness requires understanding the creation ofcompetitive advantage through manufacturing planning, strategy and control. While the firstfour requirements are primarily about things, the competitiveness requirement is all aboutpeople. To fulfill this requirement, students need to understand and exercise leadership. Wemanage things, but we lead people.Manufacturing planning, strategy and control are elements of management, but leadership goesfar beyond this. Thinking of these requirements in terms of just management is of another era; asan old saying goes, it is