Conference Session

Technology Integration in the Classroom for Manufacturing I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yongjin Kwon, Drexel University; Shreepud Rauniar, Drexel University; Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Horacio Sosa, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Page 12.1236.2developing new, automated production and measuring instrument has led to the 100 % real-timeinspection, where critical dimensions are measured and verified while parts are being produced18-25.The immediate benefit from this approach is the reduction of manufacturing cost, by preventingfurther processing of defective parts along the manufacturing stages. More importantly, the remoteaccessibility and the ability to control the equipment over the Internet/Ethernet/LAN presentunprecedented benefits to the current manufacturing environment.In this context, the main focus of this paper is to use the Internet as an infrastructure to integratemanufacturing with quality for industrial applications 26-32, as shown in Figure 1. This

Conference Session

How to Effectively Teach Using Teams

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristopher Lengieza, Weitz Golf International; Jennifer Caffrey, Pennoni Associates Inc.; Gerard Lennon, Lehigh University; John Ochs, Lehigh University; Joe Sterrett, Lehigh University; Vincent Munley, Lehigh University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. Copies of the three project reports are availablefrom the authors1,2,3.B. Learning ObjectivesUpon completion of this course the student should be able to: 1. Work effectively as a member of an interdisciplinary project design team, bringing unique skills perspectives and background not shared by all team members, and using information provided outside the student’s own background to complete the design. 2. Carry out a sports facility design including the evaluation of considerations such as economics, ethics, societal, environmental impacts, and constructability. 3. Write a project report that is of a quality commonly found to be acceptable in the engineering profession. 4. Orally present the results of an

Conference Session

Knowing Our Students, Part 2

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Santi, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

-test. This was done in case one of the tests proved harder than the other,thereby confounding the interpretation of a trend in the scores. Concept Test A During a drought, the lake level drops from A to B. 1. Which is the first to happen? A. erosion at D B. erosion at G C. deposition at C D. deposition at E Several wet years follow the drought and raise the lake level back to A. 2. Deposition quickly starts at C A. True G B. False F E 3. Erosion continues for a short time at G D C

Conference Session

Engineering Education in the Arab World / Mid-East Region

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

International

, most of us acquire the same knowledge, but, except for a stint as teachingassistants, we receive almost no training in how to impart it to students. Fortunately, there is nowa well developed science of human learning that has been very explicit in the ways in whichstudents should learn, and how teachers should teach (1, 2). Further, they address different learningstyles (3, 4), focus more explicitly on communication, team, and leadership skills (5, 6), and stresson educating students for life by helping them to learn how to learn. (5, 7)“Skilful engineering teachers” are those who are committed to the profession, and, at the sametime do possess knowledge in three domains: engineering knowledge (i.e., their maindisciplinary expertise and its

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation in Engineering Education II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice Squires, Stevens Institute of Technology; Mike Pennotti, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

components used in the online classroom. A previous baseline architecture for theSystems Engineering and Engineering Management (SEEM) department’s initial online Page 12.1046.5course, Fundamentals of Systems Engineering, consisted of four key elements (Pennottiet al, 2004): 1. Getting started instructions that prepare learners for participating in the course. 2. Course content which learners use to understand the course concepts. 3. A team project to apply the course concepts in a controlled but realistic environment. 4. Online discussions to share both learner and instructor experiences and perspectives.For this paper, we developed a

Conference Session

Electrical Technology Projects and Applications

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chandra Sekhar, Purdue University-Calumet; Omer Farook, Purdue University-Calumet; Scott Reimer, Purdue University Calumet; Ilija KaramacoskiI, Purdue University Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

are utilized for audio stimuli. The tactile assemblyis for providing tactile stimuli. Figure-1 shows an overview of the project. Fig-1 System overview.Design approach1. Mechanical system overviewThe original idea was to design a full scale interactive driving simulator. One way was tomake the simulator built into a car that would give the test subjects a feeling of real lifeexperience. However this idea was scuttled due to lack of funds. The project wasimplemented using a vehicle driver module.The vehicle module consists of a driver seat with a steering wheel, brake and accelerationpedals. The potentiometers were mounted to the brake, acceleration pedals and to thesteering wheel to sense the mechanical movements of the pedals and the

Conference Session

Capstone Design III

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karim Muci-Küchler, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Jonathan Weaver, University of Detroit Mercy; Daniel Dolan, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Capstone-type courses that students musttake during their last year, now freshman, sophomore and/or junior level design courses are alsobeing incorporated into the curricula (see for example Starkey et al.1, Newman and Amir2, Woodet al.3, and Muci-Küchler et al.4). It has been recognized that, in general, engineering designinvolves more than applying sound technical knowledge to solve an “open-ended problem.” Ittypically encompasses all the tasks that must be performed to develop technical products andtakes place in the framework of working in teams (most often multidisciplinary) following astructured approach. Although many faculty members teaching design courses have adopted aproject-based learning strategy that fits this product development

Conference Session

K-12 Programs (Co-sponsored by K-12 Division)

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeanne Hubelbank, WPI Evaluation Consulting; Chrysanthe Demetry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Shelley Errington Nicholson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Stephanie Blaisdell, Independent Consultant; Paula Quinn, Independent Consultant; Elissa Rosenthal, Marketing Research Consultant; Suzanne Sontgerath, Independent Consultant

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

control group of girls with similar pre-existing interest and self-selection attributes as the CampReach group of girls.We started with a potential study group of 178 girls; 111 (62.4%) who attended Camp Reach and67 (37.6%) who applied, but did not attend. Successful contact was made with 129 youngwomen; 88 (68.2%) who attended Camp Reach and 41 (31.8%) who did not. Thus, the overallresponse rate was 72.5%. (See Appendix Table A-1 for a breakdown by year.) The primaryreason for lack of contact was outdated telephone numbers. Only three girls declined toparticipate, two from the 2004 interview group and one from the 2006 interview group.Data CollectionData for the study came from telephone interviews conducted by an assessment specialist in2004

Conference Session

Developing New Instrumentation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Braley, University of Idaho; Paul Anderson, University of Idaho; Tracey Windley, University of Idaho; Kevin Buck, University of Idaho; Herbert Hess, University of Idaho

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

must be within ±5°C of the set point temperature. The MRCI cold temperature Page 12.164.2chamber must also be flexible to change with the MRCI for their future needs, and it must do soat a very low cost. The requirements for the MRCI cold temperature environmental chambermust meet the following criteria: Liquid Gas Purge Nitrogen Input 1. Portable: One person can move the chamber 2. Efficient: It must use less than one standard transfer cylinder of liquid Chamber nitrogen for one 8 hour test

Conference Session

Who Should Teach the BOK

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waddah Akili, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

curriculahave been based largely on an “engineering science” model, referred to as the “Grinter Model”,in which engineering is taught only after a solid basis in science and mathematics(1) .Theresulting engineering graduates were perceived by industry and academia, at the time, as being“ill-prepared” for the practice. Despite steps taken to remedy the situation, through greaterindustry-academia collaboration; both design faculty and design practitioners argue that furtherimprovements are necessary. Design faculty across the country and across a range of educational Page 12.92.2institutions still feel that the leaders of engineering schools( deans

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for International Practice

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bahman Motlagh, University of Central Florida; Michele Shahir-Motlagh, Harcourt School Publishers; Alireza Rahrooh, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

International

how outcome will be assessedCourse delivery project, on the other hand, involves project planning and project monitoring2. Page 12.414.3In order to utilize project management techniques in delivering courses we took the followingsteps: 1. Identify objectives and desired outcomes for every course. 2. List all topics that need to be covered within a course. 3. Consider each topic as a task and identify all activities that need to be completed such as lectures, posting assignments or projects. 4. Define all assignments or projects elements clearly such as research activities, deliverables, due dates

Conference Session

Meeting ABET Requirements

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhengtao Deng, Alabama A&M University; Cathy Qian, Alabama A&M University; Ruben Rojas-Oviedo, Alabama A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

Course at AAMUAbstractThe Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Engineering requires thatgraduates must have demonstrated abilities listed in ABET Criteria 3(a-k). To ensure theattainment and quality of these outcome based mechanical engineering program criteria,faculty needs to develop an inclusive direct assessment process at course level to evaluatestudent learning related to the overall program outcomes. This paper describes a procedure inthe Mechanical Engineering Department at Alabama A&M University to improve teachingtechnique for outcome based courses. Assessment methods and results were discussed.Examples in teaching of Fluid Mechanics class are discussed in detail.IntroductionABET [1] requires that Mechanical

Conference Session

Emerging Technologies in Manufacturing Education - I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie Pagliari, East Carolina University; David Batts, East Carolina University; Lawrence Behr, LBA Group; Kenneth Dingle, Allvac

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

fromexposure to hazardous chemical and physical agents. OSHA also provides guidance on RFsafety and also conducts health and safety inspections and issues citations related to occupationalRF exposure.In 1971, a federal RF radiation protection guide for workers was issued by OSHA based on the1966 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) RF exposure standard. However, the OSHAregulation was later ruled to be advisory only and not enforceable16. Presently, OSHAenforcement actions related to RF exposure of workers are undertaken using OSHA’s "generalduty clause," which relies on the use of widely-supported voluntary "consensus" standards.The General Duty clause is located in Section 5(a)(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act,and states, "Each

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Klingbeil, Wright State University; Kuldip Rattan, Wright State University; Michael Raymer, Wright State University; David Reynolds, Wright State University; Richard Mercer, Wright State University; Anant Kukreti, University of Cincinnati; Brian Randolph, University of Toledo

itscollaborating institutions, and to provide both the pedagogical basis and the disseminationstrategy required for nationwide implementation of the program.Overview: The WSU Model This section provides an overview of the WSU model for engineering mathematicseducation, which involves three primary components: 1) The development of EGR 101, a novelfreshman-level engineering mathematics course; 2) A large-scale restructuring of theengineering curriculum, where students can advance in the program without having completed atraditional freshman calculus sequence; 3) The development of a revised engineeringmathematics sequence, offered later in the curriculum in a more just-in-time fashion.1) Development of EGR 101 The WSU model begins with the

Conference Session

IE Curriculum Design

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sima Parisay, California State Polytechnic University-Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

helpingstudents to better understand, utilize, and communicate OR techniques. The pedagogy proved tobe very effective, with an overwhelmingly positive feedback from students.1- IntroductionOperations Research courses usually start with discussion of Linear Programming (LP):formulating a problem; using simplex method to arrive at the solution; explaining how tomathematically obtain shadow price and reduced cost, as well as allowable ranges; anddiscussing topics in sensitivity analysis. Later, a selection of other techniques, such asTransportation, Decision Theory, and Markov Chain, is usually covered.We are a state university with the ten-week quarter system, emphasizing teaching. Ourdepartment offers two senior level undergraduate courses in the OR field

Conference Session

New Tools in Teaching and Learning Biomedical Engineering Concepts

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Cavanagh, Bucknell University; Joe Tranquillo; Donna Ebenstein

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

perform with less guidance and in which astronger emphasis is placed on the acquisition of valuable results. These projects include: 1) amedical device benchmarking project; 2) a fluid flow feedback control project; 3) a finiteelement modeling project; 4) a CAD/rapid prototyping project; 5) a cell culture project; and 5)senior design projects mentored by external experts in the biomedical field.Overall, the four-year series of approximately eight open-ended projects provides students withextensive experience in recognizing and tackling less-defined technical projects. Since studentsare presented with projects in the early years that are more process driven, they have time to gainexperience with project planning and execution before they enter

Conference Session

Computer Tools for Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank Kowalski, Colorado School of Mines; Julia Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Rob Reed, Hewlett-Packard Corporation; Jim Vanides, Hewlett-Packard

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

evidenced by comparison ofpre- and post-test scores, have been documented in classes at Colorado School of Mines.1 Page 12.1503.2This tool is also designed to allow for differentiated learning, since the instructor can activatemore than one question at a time and each student can choose the question(s) to which they willrespond. Since it is web based, “just in time” (JiTT) polling is easily implemented.InkSurvey is available for free to the higher education community(http://ticc.mines.edu/hp/survey/) and its use will be demonstrated during this presentation.Rose-Hulman Institute of TechnologyPen-based technologies like tablet PCs afford engineering

Conference Session

K-12 Engineering and Pre-College Outreach Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kauser Jahan, Rowan University; Kathleen Sernak, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

opportunities for stronger communication skills.Entrepreneurship, Cooperative Learning and Teamwork are the hallmark of the RowanEngineering Clinics.Table 1 indicates an overview of the engineering clinic content in the 8-semester engineeringclinic sequence. As shown in the table, each clinic course has a specific theme although the maintheme of engineering design pervades throughout. Table 1: Overview of course content in the 8-semester Engineering Clinic sequence Year Engineering Clinic Theme (Fall) Engineering Clinic Theme (Spring) Freshman Engineering Measurements Competitive Assessment Laboratory Product Dissection Sophomore 16-Week

Conference Session

Computed Simulation and Animation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andreas Spanias, Arizona State University; Karthikeyan Ramamurthy, Arizona State University; Jayaraman Jayaraman, Arizona State University; Mahesh Banavar, Arizona State University; CHIH-WEI HUANG, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

LabVIEW function,Mathscript node, can be used as well to form and execute a program in block diagram mode. Assuch most or all J-DSP simulations can be translated to Mathscript code, modularly developedfor block execution. Figure 1 illustrates the generation of Mathscript code for a certain J-DSP Page 12.1554.3simulation. The generated code can be obtained by selecting “Export script” feature under thefile menu. The code is then copied and saved as a file and can be subsequently loaded byLabVIEW. Running J-DSP as a signed applet can also eliminate the cut-and-paste process andmake this code export seamless. The details of the interface are

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Dahm, Rowan University; Roberta Harvey, Rowan University

(information, details, knowing for the sake of knowing) ‚ Technical Reasoning (hands-on learning, relevance, self-sufficiency) ‚ Confluence (risk, innovation, alternative views, freedom from rules)All learners are capable of using any or all of these patterns but have preferences which the LCIquantifies. The scaled responses are scored on a scale of 1 (Never Ever) to 5 (Always) and thereare seven statements associated with each of the four learning patterns, so scores for each patternrange from 7 to 35. Each individual pattern is measured along a continuum of “Use First” (25-35), “Use as Needed” (18-24), or “Avoid” (7-17). Once a student understands his/her ownlearning patterns, he or she can: ‚ Forge or intensify use of patterns

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Eduaction - Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Miskimins, Colorado School of Mines; Ramona Graves, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

specifically regarding the ability to demonstrate fulfillmentof the Criterion 3 Program Outcomes and Assessment Criteria 3a through 3k.1 At that time, theABET 2000 Criteria was very new and few institutions had undergone accreditation under thosecircumstances. In an effort to successfully obtain accreditation and to demonstrate the successfulfulfillment of these criteria, a supplement to the ABET Self-Study Report was created andentitled “Petroleum Engineering Program Assessment Report Supplement to ABET Self-StudyReport, Colorado School of Mines.” The main purpose of this supplemental document was toprovide a “road map” to the documentation process.In 2006, the development of this document and its impact on capstone design and the

Conference Session

Improving ME Education: Trends in Mechanical Engineering II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Goodarz Ahmadi, Clarkson University; John McLaughlin, Clarkson University; Stephen Doheny-Farina, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

AC 2007-1140: A CRCD COURSE SEQUENCE – TECHNOLOGY SERVINGHUMANITY APPLICATIONSGoodarz Ahmadi, Clarkson UniversityJohn McLaughlin, Clarkson University Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Clarkson UniversityStephen Doheny-Farina, Clarkson University Page 12.28.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 A CRCD Course Sequence – Technology Serving Humanity Applications Goodarz Ahmadi,1 John McLaughlin1 and Stephen Doheny-Farina2 1 Wallace H. Coulter School of Engineering 2 School of Art and Science

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Hansberry, Northeastern University; Jennifer Love, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

today’s engineers at themultidisciplinary level. Literacy in graphics includes the ability to read the graphics dialectacross the engineering disciplines, create drawings as they are applied in the field includinginstrument and computer drawings, and to transfer mental images to a graphic design, which isthe beginning of the creative design process.IntroductionThe Accrediting Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) sets the criteria for a broadbased engineering graphics program to include: “an ability to function on multi-disciplinaryteams”; “an ability to communicate effectively”; and “an ability to use the techniques, skills andmodern scientific and technical tools necessary for professional practice”.1 A multidisciplinarygraphics program

Conference Session

Design Projects

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marjan Eggermont, University of Calgary; Bob Brennan, University of Calgary; Theodor Freiheit, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

process forproduct design. The deliverables for this exercise were structured to allow student teams to bothreport and reflect on their progress during each phase of the mini-project. The focus of theexercise was on “doing” rather than reporting, so reporting was required to be seamless.Rather than using a traditional journal or logbook for reporting, student teams were required todevelop mindmaps [1] of their group thought process. The intention is to provide a relativelyintuitive, graphical tool that can be used to communicate their thought process to the courseinstructors and their peers during in-class critiques, and more importantly, show the connection

Conference Session

Educational Software

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Smith, U. of St. Thomas - St. Paul

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

computerorganization course, QMCS 300. Several variants exist, each with a different set of instructions,internal registers, and processor cycles or cycles.The “Literacy Version” of the Spreadsheet CPU Figure 1 shows the version of the Spreadsheet CPU used by computer literacy students. Theleftmost column on the spreadsheet, column A, provides the RAM used by the Spreadsheet CPU.Each cell from A1 to A99 represents a single location in RAM. Instructions or data may reside inRAM cells. Each cell has a unique address that is the same as its row number. Since there is no Page 12.117.4row 0 in a spreadsheet, there is no location 0, either. Figure 1

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seamus Freyne, Manhattan College; Micah Hale, University of Arkansas; Stephan Durham, University of Colorado at Denver

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

environment is becoming a ubiquitous aim of growing urgency.1 More frequently,civil engineers are being called to meet infrastructure demands in ways that are less harmful tothe environment and sustainable into the future. It is imperative that today’s students learn aboutalternative energy sources, conservation of natural resources, waste management, and recycling.These “green” ideas are repeatedly encountered by environmental engineering students, but civilengineering students rarely study these topics in much depth. With many students alreadystruggling with busy schedules, adding new courses is unfeasible. However, some “green” ideascan easily be incorporated into traditional civil engineering courses without sweeping changes tothe core

Conference Session

Teaching Strategies in Graphics

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Wronecki, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Design Graphics

: industry-level, portfolio quality surface models of their concept cardesigns. While the production workflow presented in the paper is specific to Alias Studio Tools,the curve and surface curvature theories are relevant to all 3D NURBS surface modelingprograms. Both the authors’ and student 3D models and photorealistic renders are to be shownduring the presentation of the paper.NURBS CurvesAutomotive and Product Design digital surface modeling methods primarily utilize NURBSCurves to create sets of curves that define the form of the intended surface shape. NURBS standfor Non Uniform Rationale B-Splines. NURBS curves are created and shaped by placing editpoints (ep’s) and positioning control vertices (cv’s).Fig 1. Non Uniform Rationale B-Spline

Conference Session

Communication and Professional Skills in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe Tranquillo; Daniel Cavanagh, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

AC 2007-1166: BUILDING ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION SKILLSTHROUGH SHORT ASSIGNMENTSJoseph Tranquillo, Bucknell University JOSEPH V TRANQUILLO is an assistant professor of biomedical and electrical engineering at Bucknell University. Dr. Tranquillo teaches courses primarily in bioinstrumentation. His research focuses on theoretical and computational models of electrical activity in the heart.Daniel Cavanagh, Bucknell University Page 12.331.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Building Engineering Communication Skills 1 Building Engineering

Conference Session

Cognitive and Motivational Issues in Student Performance I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dawn Williams, Howard University; Lorraine Fleming, Howard University; Marcus Jones, Howard University; Ashley Griffin, Howard University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

referenced in the Third International and Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)1. The 1983 report A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform2charged federal and state governments to reform the educational system so that USstudents can be better prepared to compete against international economic competitors. Itbrought forth a federal challenge to state governments to conduct reforms on a grandscale. Although studies have released claims on the inaccuracy of A Nation at Risk, ithowever sparked a nationwide interest and dialogue in high school curricula reform byincreasing the quality and number of science and mathematics courses. Yet again, we arereminded by the recent release of the 2006 report A Test of Leadership: Charting theFuture of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenny Lo, Virginia Tech; Lisa McNair, Virginia Tech; Whitney Edmister, Virginia Tech; Michael Alley, Pennsylvania State University

Option in a Technical Communication Course*Abstract Although many institutions have called for more undergraduate research, incorporatingsignificant research experiences into undergraduate engineering curricula has proven to bechallenging. This paper presents the results of a two-year experiment in the College ofEngineering at Virginia Tech to address this problem by means of a research option in thetraditional technical communication course, which is a required course in many engineeringcurricula. In this research option, students had the opportunity to prepare for and to document asummer research experience. To that end, the research option of the course was divided into twosegments: (1) a spring segment to prepare students for a summer