Conference Session

Best Zone Papers

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Arne Weigold; M. P. Sharma; Edward Anderson; Roman Taraban

textbookand CD, both without questions, were ranked the lowest, with 4.31 and 3.76 points,respectively.Figure 4. Comparison of Studying Materials for Going Back and Forth, Efficiency, and Enjoyment 7 6 5 Back and Forth Points 4 Efficiency Enjoyment 3 2 1 Book Book CD-ROM CD-ROM Lecture (w. Q.) (w/o Q.) (w. Q.) (w/o Q.) NotesThree questions (see questions 12

Conference Session

Computers in Education Poster Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Kenneth Soda

U4A HI 1 U1A J 3 Q 1 12 V CLK 3 2 Q V

Conference Session

Computed Simulation and Animation

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Tony Wong; Pascal Bigras

. American Society for Engineering Education Page 7.108.5We shall neglect the effects of gravity and assume the velocity of the fluid at point 1 asnegligible compared to that of point 2. Using Bernoulli’s equation, we have8 P1 = P2 + 12 ρV22 (1)where Pi is the pressure at point i, Vi is the velocity of the fluid and ρ its density. If we considerthat the opening surface at point 2 is A then the relation between the flow rate Q and the pressuredifference at points 1 and 2 can be written as Q = A ρ2 P1 − P2

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Division Technical Session 11

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monika Tomar, Purdue University; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

professional, academic or personal goals?We collected responses from students to the following questions for answering this question:Outcome Survey Question Response - YesIntent of Q: Are you going to apply what you - Yes I’d like to but I am notApplication learnt today elsewhere? confident how to - No 5-Point Likert Scale: ExtremelyConfidence in Q: How confident are you in being able under confident to ExtremelyApplication

Collection

2005 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Ing-Chang Jong

the force or moment, respectively, during the action. It is theforce or moment, rather than the body, which does work. In teaching and learning the virtualwork method, it is well to refresh the following relevant basic concepts: Work of a forceIf a force F acting on a body is constant and the displacement vector of the body from positionA1 to position A2 during the action is q, then the work U1→ 2 of the force F on the body is1-4 U1→ 2 = F ⋅ q = Fq (1)where F is the magnitude of F, and q is the scalar component of q parallel to F. If the force isnot constant, then integration may be used to compute the work of the force. Work of a momentIf a moment M (or

Collection

2013 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

E. Carl Greco; Jim D. Reasoner; Scott Jordan

three group, it was firstnecessary to determine if these distributions were normally distributed since parametricstatistical tests for comparison of means between distributions (i.e., student t-test) assume normaldistributions. The Q-Q graphs for each of these groups are shown in Figure 5. Normallydistributed data will occur along a straight line in these diagrams. Although the Control/Partnersgroup appears to be normally distributed, the Singles and EEBoard groups deviate fromnormality. The Shapiro-Wilk test for normallity confirmed that the Control/Partners distributionwas not statistically different from normal; however, both the Singles and EEBoard distributionswere indeed non-gaussian distributed (p<0.05 & 0.001 respectively). Since

Collection

2007 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

W. Roy Penney; Rachel M. Lee; Meagan E. Magie; Edgar C. Clausen

) ⋅ Wtube ⋅ Lt (10)The tube wall temperature was required in order to determine the effect of the air side fins onheat transfer. The tube wall temperature was calculated from a heat balance on the outer surfaceof the ethylene glycol tubes: Qin ,tube − Qout ,tube + Q gen,tube = Qacc,tube (11)There was no heat generated on the surface of the tubes, and the temperature of the tube wall isessentially constant, making the accumulated heat negligible. The heat into the tube wall is dueto convection with the air, shown as: “Proceedings of the 2007 Midwest Section Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education

Collection

2006 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Chong Shen; Zhongwei Zhang; David Lai

Wilkens, A multi-api course in computer graphics, CCSC ’01: Proceedings of the sixth annual CCSC northeastern conference on The journal of computing in small colleges (, USA), Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges, 2001, pp. 66–73. 11 Figure 1: Drop from tailFigure 2: Model-View-Controller and message flows 12Initialization avg = 0 count = 1endfor each packet arrival calculate the new average queue size ‘avg’ if the queue is nonempty avg=1−wq∗avgwq∗q else      m= f time−q time  m avg=1−wq ∗avg

Collection

2015 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

William Lorenz; Ross Lee; Karl Schmidt; Pritpal Singh

! ! ! a uf! c t! re U! ! !! ! se & R! !t!! ! ! !e! !! e ir em n t T!r! ! !! e! !! eat m! nt A! ! ! !! i!!!! ! ! c q u is t ion P! ! ! ! ! s!! ! ! roc es! ing &!A! ! e! !b

Conference Session

Track 5: Technical Session 2: Barriers in the Workplace: An Analysis of Engineering Workplace Culture and Climate

Collection

2025 Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Susan Sajadi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Olivia Ryan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Katherine Drinkwater, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

2025 CoNECD Paper Submissions, Diversity

averaging the item scores within the factor, as is appropriate for an exploratory‬ ‭study‬‭[29]‬‭. Before conducting regression, assumptions‬‭were checked using VIF, Q-Q plots, and‬ ‭residual plots. For all predictors, the VIF was less than 10, Q-Q plots of residuals were linear,‬ ‭and no patterns were identified in the residuals vs. predicted plots‬‭[30]‬‭. To increase the statistical‬ ‭power of the regression model, responses to some demographic questions were grouped together;‬ ‭for example, the 14 options for a participant’s engineering field were grouped into four main‬ ‭categories (civil, electrical, mechanical, and other). This reduction resulted in 23 predictor‬ ‭variables. For each factor, a standard multiple

Collection

2025 ASEE North Central Section (NCS) Annual Conference

Authors

Leslie Hopkinson, West Virginia University; Lynette Michaluk, West Virginia University; Lizzie Santiago, West Virginia University

by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.2406798. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this materialare those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation.References[1] A. Godwin and A. Kirn, “Identity-based motivation: Connections between first-year students’ engineering role identities and future-time perspectives,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 362–383, 2020, doi: 10.1002/jee.20324.[2] S. Liu, S. Xu, Q. Li, H. Xiao, and S. Zhou, “Development and validation of an instrument to assess students’ science, technology, engineering, and mathematics identity,” Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res., vol. 19, no. 1, p

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH) Poster Session

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alex C. Szatmary, King's College

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

suggests fillet radii and key chamfer dimensions [1]. Peterson [8] refers totypical fillet radii of r/d = 1/48 in, where d is the shaft diameter. In either source, thesedimensions do not correspond to common radii on bull nose end mills.Shaft Failure at KeyseatKeyseats are a common point of failure for shafts because they act as stress raisers. In powertransmission, a shaft essentially carries an alternating stress due to bending and a mean stress dueto torsion.Notch SensitivityThe effective stress in a part is typically lower than what one would predict from theoretical stressconcentration. The effective fatigue stress concentration is given by, Kf = 1 + q(Kt − 1) (1

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 2: Innovative Approaches to Teaching and Learning in Engineering Graduate Programs

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yucheng Liu, South Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies Division (GSD)

face-to-face class and permanentlyimplemented into ME curriculum as a core graduate course taught during regular semesters.Students from any engineering or science department who need to predict microstructureevolutions or understand process-structure-property relationships of materials will benefit fromthis class. The present course development approach can also be adjusted for the development ofother online numerical modeling and analysis courses.References1. L.-Q. Chen, “Phase-field models for microstructure evolution”, Annual Review of Materials Research, 32(1), 2002, 113-140.2. L. Chen, C.O. Yenusah, Y.-Z. Ji, Y.-C. Liu, T.W. Stone, M.F. Horstemeyer, and L.-Q. Chen, “Three-dimensional phase-field simulation of γ” precipitation

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT) Technical Session 2: Assessing the Entrepreneurial Mindset, Curiosity, and Workplace Preparedness

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nadiye O. Erdil, University of New Haven; Ronald S. Harichandran, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division (ENT)

instructors.References1. R.S. Harichandran, N.O. Erdil, M-I. Carnasciali, J. Nocito-Gobel, and Q. Li, “Developing an Entrepreneurial Mindset in Engineering Students using Integrated E-learning Modules.” Adv. Eng. Educ., vol. 7, no. 1, 2018. Available: https://advances.asee.org/wp- content/uploads/vol07/issue01/Papers/AEE-Mindset-8-Harich.pdf2. N.O. Erdil, R.S. Harichandran, J. Nocito-Gobel, M.Carnasciali, and C.Q. Li, “Integrating E- Learning Modules into Engineering Courses to Develop an Entrepreneurial Mindset in Students.” in Proceedings of the 123rd ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, New Orleans, LA, June 2016. Available: https://strategy.asee.org/25800.3. N.O. Erdil, R.S. Harichandran, J. Nocito-Gobel, C.Q. Li, and M.Carnasciali, “Impact

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ramakrishnan Sundaram, Gannon University; Benjamin Lubina, Gannon University

network will start as a single hidden layer linear Q-Learning network,where the Q signifies the ideal action to be taken in a scenario which is taken each step. The M =3 outputs represent left, right, and straight, which are the possible actions for the snake to take (Itis possible to move back in on the snake’s body, ending the game, but by removing that as anoption, this isn’t possible for the AI). The input layer has N = 11 inputs which are two Booleanvalues, 1 or 0, and are listed accordingly: - Danger left, right, straight – these three values are input as 1 if moving in the corresponding direction would cause a game to be over, else they are assigned 0. This uses the collision function made in Module

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 4- COVID and Virtual Learning

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick Sours, The Ohio State University; Howard Greene, The Ohio State University

final group report and video summarizingrecommendations for each residential scenario in preparation for a final community Q&A.Reflections on the first partnership activityAfter the end of the course, a session was held with representatives from the NGO andinstructors from both universities to reflect on the completed work and the partnership. Therewere four observations that came out of this reflection activity: 1. The NGO stated that the level of engagement of the community over the semester-long duration of the collaborative activity was exemplary. These interactions were characterized as “positive social experiences with genuine participation from the community process was as important as product/output”. The NGO

Conference Session

ERM: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elsa Villa, University of Texas at El Paso; Ann Gates, University of Texas at El Paso; Patricia Morreale, Kean University; Mohsen Beheshti; Nayda Santiago, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus

Paper ID #37181Broadening Participation of Latinx in Computing GraduateStudiesElsa Q. Villa (Research Assistant Professor)Patricia Morreale (Professor) Patricia Morreale is Professor and Chair of the School of Computer Science and Technology in the Hennings College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology at Kean University. Her research focuses on multimedia and network systems for secure service delivery, mobile computing, and human computer interaction. Her work on network design developed techniques for error detection and secure processing, which have been patented and commercialized. She has developed mobile

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yosi Shibberu, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Steve Chenoweth, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

1 0 1 2 3 4 5 T Q L H P T Q L H PFigure 1: Box plots of the standardized grades of the 53 students who took CSSE386 and MA384in the 2021–2022 academic year. T: Tests, Q: Quizzes, L: Lessons, H: Homework, P: ProjectsReferences[1] Reza Sanati-Mehrizy, Kailee Parkinson, Elham Vaziripour, and Afsaneh Minaie. Data mining course in the undergraduate computer science curriculum. In 2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2019.[2] Mine C¸ etinkaya-Rundel and Victoria Ellison. A fresh look at introductory data science. Journal of Statistics and Data

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yun Wang, Undergraduate at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Colin P. Lualdi, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Lawrence Angrave, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Guru Nanma Purushotam

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

. Kenny, R. Dehak, P. Dumouchel, and P. Ouellet, “Front-End Factor Analysis for Speaker Verification,” IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 788–798, May 2011, doi: 10.1109/TASL.2010.2064307.[7] L. Wan, Q. Wang, A. Papir, and I. L. Moreno, “Generalized End-to-End Loss for Speaker Verification,” in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Apr. 2018, pp. 4879–4883. doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2018.8462665.[8] C. Wang, A. Zhang, Q. Wang, and Z. ZHU, “Fully supervised speaker diarization,” US11031017B2, Jun. 08, 2021 Accessed: Apr. 09, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://patents.google.com/patent/US11031017B2/en[9] J. K. Bergum, “Text Emotion Prediction in Browser

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ming Li, Beijing Foreign Studies University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. 38.[6] Y. Xing, “Cultural identity: Synergy, motivation and self-organization,” Theoretical Exploration, no. 4, pp. 56-60, 2017.[7] Q. Xu, “Cultural foundation of entrepreneurship education in China’s universities: Theoretical interpretation and consolidated paths,” Journal of Higher Education Management, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 82-88,124, 2020.[8] Q. Xu, “Cultural foundation of entrepreneurship education in China’s universities: Theoretical interpretation and consolidated paths,” Journal of Higher Education Management, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 82-88,124, 2020.[9] S. Zhou, “The analysis on the types of enterprise education of higher institutions in America under the effect of pragmatic culture and its inspiration,” Studies In

Conference Session

Holy Cow! We’re Going Online When? 

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

George Okere, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

technologiesinclude web-based technology that allows students to access learning materials anytimeand anywhere. Another key technology includes discussion boards which provide a toolfor students to engage in general and group conversations. Unlike a face-to-faceenvironment where students must be in class to listen and learn, pre-recorded lecturevideo is also a tool in virtual learning and allows students to review lectures anytimeanywhere. The presence of videoconference tools makes it possible for synchronousonline learning as well as group breakout sessions for virtual classroom exercises. Also,the virtual learning environment has other features for email, announcement board,assignments, assessments, and Q&As.Bridging the gap – from face-to-face to

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sarah Rajkumari Jayasekaran, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Education, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 162-177, 2000/12/01 2000, doi: 10.1080/08886504.2000.10782307.[2] G. M. Rafique, K. Mahmood, N. F. Warraich, and S. U. Rehman, "Readiness for Online Learning during COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of Pakistani LIS students," The Journal of Academic Librarianship, vol. 47, no. 3, p. 102346, 2021/05/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102346.[3] AUTODESK. "Autocad." https://www.autodesk.com/education/home (accessed.[4] F. Shines. "Distance learning and student services." https://dlss.flvc.org/qm-about (accessed 2/2/2021, 2021).[5] Q. Matters. "Quality Matter." https://www.qualitymatters.org/ (accessed.[6] U. o. F. O. o. T. Excellence. "UF's pathway to

Conference Session

Design in Biomedical Engineering (Works in Progress) - June 24th

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Erica M. Comber, Carnegie Mellon University; Elisha Anthony Raeker-Jordan, Carnegie Mellon University; Kalliope Georgette Roberts, Carnegie Mellon University; Melanie Alexis Loppnow, Carnegie Mellon University; Andrew Hudson, Carnegie Mellon University; Wayne Chung, Carnegie Mellon University; Conrad M. Zapanta, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

Medical Technologies - Paul G. Yock, Stefanos Zenios, Josh Makower, Todd J. Brinton, Uday N. Kumar, F. T. Jay Watkins, Lyn Denend, Thomas M. Krummel, Christine Q. Kurihara - Google Books.” [Online]. Available: https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=OhYlDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&d q=Biodesign+:+the+process+of+innovating+medical+technologies&ots=UsRBEPyyqy&s ig=JEg085_6KJwamOuiw5G4LxSroaM#v=onepage&q=Biodesign %3A the process of innovating medical technologies&f=false. [Accessed: 25-Jan-2020].Appendix A: Syllabus with project team, engineering subteam, and designer subteamassignments.For the fall 2019-spring 2020 academic year, all assignments were completed by the

Collection

2020 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

James Lenn, Wayne State University; Fatmir Menkulasi P.E., Wayne State University; Marcis Jansons P.E., Wayne State University; Jessie Mazin Yousif-Dickow; McKayla Kleinschrodt; Jeffrey Potoff, Wayne State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Incorporating SECMsLearning OutcomesImplementation of the current approach incorporates two new learning objectives and removesone, as shown in table 2.Table 2. Affected Learning outcomes and assessment Learning Outcomes Affected by Current Approach Assessment Read and create engineering drawings and models Added HW, Q, P, Ex Use plastic 3D printing to create functional objects Added HW, P Develop and implement simple algorithms and programs Removed HW, Q, PThe assessment methods listed in table 2 are: HW-Homework, Q-Quizzes, P-Team Projects, Ex-Exam.Future PlansThis course has been met with a high level of enthusiasm from both students and faculty. Thestudents had the

Collection

2021 ASEE St. Lawrence Section Conference

Authors

Shahrokh Etemad, Fairfield University

𝐴𝑒𝑥ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑡 (m2) is the cross sectional areaat the exhaust where velocity is being measured. Flow Rate Qexhaust (m3/s) is different than HeatGenerated Q (J/s).Related Equations: Average Surface Temp, Ts = (TTop + TMiddle + TBottom )/ 3 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 = 𝑄 Heat Generated 𝑄 = ℎ 𝐴(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇∞ )where h is convective heat transfer coefficient and A is heating rod peripheral surface area. 9 ℎ𝐷 𝑁𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑁𝑢 = where k is air thermal conductivity 𝑘 𝜌𝑈∞ 𝐷 𝑅𝑒𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒

Collection

2021 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Jill Davishahl, Western Washington University; Emilia Mediavilla, Western Washington University ; Asaki Nelson, Western Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

community forstudents.Results & DiscussionSummary of ActivitiesZoom Q&A Sessions: During fall quarter, the SEL team focused on connecting pre-majors tomajor level students by hosting a series of “Casual Q&A’s” for each program. During thesehour-long sessions hosted and facilitated by the SEL, 2-3 major-level student volunteersanswered questions of audience which consisted primarily of pre-major students. The sessionswere open to all pre-major students in the department and were advertised using social media.There was an average of 15 students at each session which was low considering there wereapproximately 250 premajor students enrolled in engineering and design at this time.Considering the sessions were held in the evening using Zoom

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Qichao Wang, Virginia Tech; Montasir Abbas P.E., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Proceedings of the 18th international conference on computers in education. 2010.2. Kulman, R., T. Slobuski, and R. Seitsinger. Teaching 21st century, executive-functioning, and creativity skills with popular video games and apps. in Learning, Education and Games. 2014. ETC Press.3. Wang, Q. and M. Abbas. Using Game Engines for Designing Traffic Control Educational Games. in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on. 2015. IEEE.4. Qichao Wang, M.A., Lisa McNair. A Knowledge-Delivery Gravity Model to Improve Game-Aided Pedagogy. in ASEE Conference. 2015.5. Wang, Q. and M. Abbas. Using a Novel Gravity Model for Ranking and Assessment of Educational Games. in 2016

Collection

2019 CIEC

Authors

Maher Shehadi

pipe axis (assuming x-axis is in the longitudinaldirection of the pipe) were estimated using equation (1) 𝑞" 𝑃 𝑇𝑚 (𝑥) = 𝑇𝑚,𝑖 + 𝑥 (1) [8] 𝑚̇𝐶𝑝where Tm is the mean temperature in ˚F, x is the longitudinal distance in the axial direction of thepipe in ft, Tm,i is the mean inlet water temperature in ˚F, q” is the heat flux in Btu/(hr.ft2), P is thepipe perimeter in ft, 𝑚̇ is the water mass flow rate in lbm/hr and Cp is the water specific heat inBtu/(lb.˚F).For finned pipes, the Nusselt number “Nu” is needed to estimate the heat transfer coefficient “h”of water

Conference Session

Programmatic Issues in Physics or Engineering Physics Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anca Sala, Baker College; Raghu Echempati, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

sets (H), quizzes (Q),laboratory reports (L), midterm exam (M), and final exam (F).Results are presented and discussed in the following for two academic years: 2005-06 and 2006-07. One note about the results refers to the student populations in the two years that were quitedifferent in size: 5, respectively 20 students.Table 2 shows the average and median results obtained with each type of assessment, normalizedto a maximum of 100, as well as the total weighted average and median results for eachacademic year. H Q L M F Total (weighted) Avg. 85 81 88 91 80 84 2006 Med. 87 85 92 90 81 86 2006 Avg. 75 69 82 71

Collection

2008 GSW

Authors

Hassan Monghbeli; Khaled Ellithy; F. Koktot; Mahmundul Alam

Copyright © 2008, American Society for Engineering Education QC ,3  l %VR = (4) 10  VL2− LAlso, an additional voltage rise phenomenon through every transformer from the generationsource to the capacitors occurs due to the application of capacitors, which is independent ofload and power factor of line, and can be expressed as:  Q l  %VRT =  C ,3  xT (5)  S   T ,3 Where:% VRT = percent voltage rise through