indifferent zones of the 15-acre field for a preliminary trial. The field which uses corn, soybean, andwheat rotation, was growing soybean during the preliminary trial reported here. A six-bandmultispectral camera that simultaneously images in the visible, near infra-red, and thermal bandshave also been flown on a DJI Inspire II drone to collect aerial imagery.1.0 IntroductionAccording to United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), only20% of the cultivated land is irrigated and provides 40% of the global food basket, the rest of the80% of farmland is rain-fed and accounts for only 60% global food basket [1]. Growth in worldfood demand will reflect the population growth, which is anticipated to be around 10 billion
, job candidates find them “subjective, arbitrary,unnecessarily stressful, non-inclusive –and at times– demeaning to their sense of self-worth andself-efficacy” [25]. Furthermore, candidates expressed concerns about the amount of timepreparation required, and the inherent bias that may give those with more free time an advantage.Others commented that the types of questions asked, and knowledge of data structures expectedto be known extemporaneously is not reflective of the tasks actually encountered in a computingposition.While these findings indeed revealed major concerns, the research did not consider the nuancesthat may arise from individual differences [11, 25]. On HackerRank, 95% of users were male, andthere was no information about the
wealth,” Race Ethn. Educ., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 69–91, 2005.[18] C. G. Vélez-Ibáñez and J. B. Greenberg, “Formation and transformation of funds of knowledge among U.S.-Mexican Households,” Anthropol. Educ. Q., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 313–335, 1992.[19] A. L. Pawley and C. M. L. Phillips, “From the mouths of students: Two illustrations of narrative analysis to understand engineering education’s ruling relations as gendered and raced,” presented at the ASEE Annual Conference, Indianapolis, IN, 2014.[20] J. Walther, N. W. Sochacka, and N. N. Kellam, “Quality in interpretive engineering education research: reflections on an example study: Quality in interpretive engineering education research,” J. Eng. Educ., vol. 102, no. 4, pp
71% 68% Engineering Career Success 77% 66% Expectations Overall Emotional States 68% 64% Programmed students are encouraged by their scholar programs to pursue engineering-based research instead of industry. Potential misunderstanding and expectations of theengineering research, low research self-efficacy, may contribute to the uncertainty leading themto feel they are unable to be successful in the field. However, the virtual environment causedboth groups to have lower than expected engineering emotional states. Reflecting on the SocialPersuasion Vicarious Experiences results, the motivation to pursue
mechanics courses are likely to proliferate in the coming years as the abrupt shifts toonline learning amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted many students, faculty,departments, and institutions to revisit beliefs and assumptions about online courses. The authorsbelieve in the potential of hands-on models to support student learning in mechanics and hopethis paper will provide an opportunity to learn from our experiences and adapt other hands-onapproaches for online implementation.AcknowledgementThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grantnumbers DUE #1834425 and DUE #1834417. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions orrecommendations expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
in actual course design/redesign. The lead instructor forthe course has additionally participated in this project via assisting with qualitative dataassessment. To ensure safe spacing, students had designated days when they could attend class inperson, though students could opt to attend online at any time rather than in person.4.2. Data CollectionData included institutional demographic data for students, student survey responses, studentfocus groups, and course observations. Data were collected in the last few weeks of the course sothat students’ responses reflected a full-semester experience. For the written survey, the responserate was 54% (282/522). Missing data analysis pertaining to the four different demographicidentities under study
open-book format.) Studentfeedback from the interactive discussions and the anonymous surveys also reflected thatdiscrepancy, with many students stating that they felt that the course over-emphasized themodeling at the expense of the physiological concepts. A coded analysis of the 34 total freeresponses to open-ended feedback on the course (across both iterations) yielded 35% ofrespondents specifically critiquing the imbalance and/or disconnect between the modeling andthe physiology, which was the most common unprompted critique provided. A typical commentincluded, “While I think I’ve gained computational skills I feel much less confident in myphysiological understanding of the models.” Other students commented that the pre-classreadings, even
assignments with due dates reflective of the workcompleted during that time. The students are still required to meet the rigor of the project bycompleting all the tasks; e.g. brainstorming, engineering drawing, Gantt chart, bill ofmaterials, proposal, prototype build and test, and final report and presentation. Within thiswork, a student with ASD may tend towards the details of the design, or the scheduling anddocumentation. The instructor must help the team with coordinating tasks and keepingeveryone involved. Some other academic accommodations the instructor can make are clearand direct classroom expectations, asking precise questions, hands on learning, performingvisual demonstrations, giving more time on essay type tests, using task analysis with
time to rest, affecting their mental health.Future work will focus on assessing other type of support interventions that were implementedduring the outbreak of COVID-19. Considering the perceived need for a balance academic load,we also plan to explore ways to improve curriculum planning and assessment patterns inengineering education. During the second semester of 2020, we collected students’ self-reports oftime-on-task to identify peaks of academic workload in specific weeks and subjects. Furtherstudies will be conducted to understand how these self-reported data could help teaching staff andstudents reflect about course planning and time management, respectively.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by CORFO under grant no. 14EN12-26862
online classes.Participating instructors also discussed various strategies to overcome these barriers during thefocus group setting. Our research team is currently working to also identify these strategies andtheir effectiveness in overcoming barriers to using active learning in online teaching.AcknowledgementsThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant NoDUE-1821488. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in thismaterial are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NationalScience Foundation.References[1] M. Dancy, C. Henderson, &, C. Turpen, (2016). How instructors learn about and implementresearch-based instructional strategies: The
illustrated with a cloud shape in order toconvey the vaguely defined nature of considering context. The contextual process is not a linearsequence of events, but rather a web of interconnected efforts. Contextual approaches will focuson the stakeholders within the client community through every step of the process, not onlythrough conversations, but by placing decision-making in their hands. There is also the importantcomponent of self-reflection, which involves the assessment of one's motivations and objectivesfor the project, so that they can be distinguished from the client community's goals. Figure 2. Example model for community organizing and contextual engineeringHumanitarian engineering, however, cannot be represented by the model
evaluate departmental need for a targeted approached toward certain groups toimprove overall student wellness.AcknowledgmentsA grant from the National Science Foundation Number #1738186 supported this study. Anyopinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendation expressed in this material are those ofthe authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Theauthors thank Jeanne Sanders for providing feedback on the paper. The authors thank thestudents for participating in the survey.References[1] E. Godfrey and L. Parker, "Mapping the cultural landscape in engineering education," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 99, pp. 5-22, 2010.[2] R. Stevens, D. Amos, A. Jocuns, and L. Garrison, "Engineering
), called for a Decade of Education for sustainabledevelopment from 2005 to 2015 [1]. This worldwide reflection is creating a new engineeringeducation culture. Engineering educators are observing significant shifts in societal expectationsof the engineering profession to help address immediate and longer-term sustainable developmentchallenges. According to the World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO),engineering plays a significant role in planning and building projects that preserve naturalresources, are cost-efficient, and support human and natural environments [2]. The NationalAcademy of Engineering formulated in 2004 its vision of the engineer of 2020 [3]. This reportoutlines a number of aspirational goals where it sees the
a collaboration betweenLouisiana Delta Community College (LDCC) and Louisiana Tech University (LA Tech), withpilot partner Bossier Parish School for Technology & Innovative Learning (BPSTIL), to expandinstrumentation workforce pathways for high school students in Louisiana. This material is basedupon work supported by the National Science Foundation's Advanced Technological EducationProgram under Grant No. 1801177. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe National Science Foundation.This paper presents a detailed account of the course mapping process; a final table of learningobjectives that meet LDCC dual enrollment and
Diagrams d. Activity Resource Requirements and Resource Breakdown Structure e. Project Schedule with Model Data and Schedule Baseline f. Activity Cost Estimates with Activity Cost Supporting Detail2. Creating, updating, and analyzing project schedules to determine integrity and validity.3. Applying resource management techniques to identify resource requirements and to level resources in order to meet project objectives.However, test results and end of course feedback reflected that while the students were learningthe mechanics of identifying requirements, creating a project schedule and assigning resources,they did not necessarily have a full grasp of dealing with the impact of scope changes on theschedule and resource
Engineering Education, 2021An Insight into Students’ Feedback on Synchronous Distance Learning during COVID-19 LockdownAbstractThe fast growth of technology and internet in the last decade has built the necessaryinfrastructure for distance learning, and made the rapid transition to online teaching possibleduring the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are still a lot of uncertainties about the impactof distance learning on students’ learning effectiveness in engineering education. This paperpresents the survey results about distance learning in a Civil Engineering course during theCOVID-19 lockdown period and is aimed at understanding students’ challenges and preferencesin distance learning. The survey results reflect the students’ perspective
to become more effective by delegating work to competent individuals.Throughout the independent study, the faculty supervisor may hold weekly meetings with thestudent to discuss the project progress as well as answer questions and clear up anymisconceptions the student may have. These meetings provide an opportunity to discuss otheravenues of inquiry to research further or experiment with. The student may also keep an online orphysical project journal documenting the progress made and reflecting on the work completed.The faculty supervisor may choose to review the journal to provide feedback.The rules and structure for an independent study vary widely with departments and institutions.They may be letter-graded or graded as pass/fail. Many
.” International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 6(2), 4-13.[12] Cunningham, C. M., & Kelly, G. J. (2017). Epistemic practices of engineering for education. Science Education, 101(3), 486-505.[13] Jonathan D. Hertel, Christine M. Cunningham & Gregory J. Kelly (2017) The roles of engineering notebooks in shaping elementary engineering student discourse and practice, International Journal of Science Education, 39:9, 1194-1217[14] Wendell, K. B., Wright, C. G., & Paugh, P. (2017). Reflective decision‐making in elementary students' engineering design. Journal of Engineering Education, 106(3), 356- 397.[15] Kelley, T. R., Capobianco, B. M., & Kaluf, K. J. (2015). Concurrent think-aloud protocols to assess
focused on their perception of their learningexperiences and well-being. The importance of this next set of questions was that it shifted theirevaluation away from their expectations of the Flex Model and the instructor’s ability to utilize ittoward a reflection on how the shift from traditional in-person classes has impacted theirperceived ability to learn, retain concepts, and personal well-being.The pre-survey results for the experiential set of questions can be found below in Table 4. TheLikert scale ranged from 1 to 7 which correlated with the labels “Much Better In Person” to“Much Better Online”. The averages for item found in the last column all skew toward apreference for in-person classes as the more positive experience for understanding
timeframe. What varies in this environment are the grades students receive whichtheoretically reflect their differing levels of course performance. By extension, one is meant toassume that a learner with an “A” knows the material at a higher level than a learner who earneda “C” in the same class. In contrast, competency-based education is based on the belief thatactual competency in the specified area is more important than students completing the samecontent within the same amount of time. While not all digital badges are based on a competencymodel of education (e.g. some are awarded for participation) many are. This is another way inwhich the underlying technology affords a more informative credential. For instance, if thecompetency being
. Whilecorrelation coefficients between items were all positive, there were only four eigenvalues greaterthan 1.0 on both ECTD beta A and B versions. This indicates there were four independent factorsmeasured by the instruments. Most items were loaded onto one factor and only one or two itemsloaded onto each of the other three factors. As the factor analysis results from the ECTD beta Aand B versions were not the desired model that can reflect the five computational thinkingfactors, there was a need for another round of revisions.Instead of designing two compatible versions A and B, the 30 items from the beta versions of theECTD were revisited for reanalyzes of content and face validity. The research team selected fourbest items to be indicators of each of
technological systems and the products of the engineering disciplines. Systems thinking isconceptual and doesn't rely on higher-level mathematics knowledge explicitly. It is one of themost accessible aspects of engineering for non-engineers. Non-engineers can learn the basics ofhow things work.Definition of Systems ThinkingThe applicability of systems thinking across many different fields has led to many variations ofdefinitions of system thinking (some representative examples include [1-5]). While sharing anessential emphasis on the foundational importance of identifying elements and relationshipsbetween those elements, varying definitions reflect the vocabulary and priorities of differentdisciplines. Recent comprehensive definitions aimed at
for funding this work underGrant # 1834465. Any opinions, findings, or conclusions found in this work are those of theauthors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.References[1] O. Ashour and C. Tucker, “Leveraging Virtual Reality to Connect Learning and Integrate Course Knowledge in the Industrial Engineering Curriculum,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1834465.[2] J. E. Rudin, “Using virtual reality in education,” in STC, Education, Training and Research, 1995, pp. 55–58.[3] Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), “Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs 2018-2019,” 2017.[4] J. E. Froyd and M. W. Ohland, “Integrated Engineering
System, they do not think their faculty helped use it. A similar divide was identifiedin the students' perceptions of online classes. Respondents stated they did not enjoy the onlinecourses but felt like the online teaching was successful. In response to the perception of adaptation,respondents identified that they and their faculty adapted, with faculty to a lesser extent. Thus,students' perceptions reflect they are comfortable in an online learning environment but do notprefer it. The responses also indicate that students perceive that they may be better in the onlineenvironment and adapting to it than their faculty. This might be an expected outcome as facultyare older and perceived as slightly less capable of technology and adaptability
] G. S. Weissmann, R. A. Ibarra, M. Howland-Davis, and M. V. Lammey, “The multicontext path to redefining how we access and think about diversity, equity, and inclusion in STEM,” J. Geosci. Educ., vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 320–329, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1080/10899995.2019.1620527.[15] E. Charles, “Decolonizing the curriculum,” Insights, vol. 32, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Sep. 2019.[16] D. K. G. Fomunyam, “Decolonising the Engineering curriculum in a South African University of Technology,” vol. 12, no. 17, p. 9, 2017.[17] H. Mogstad and L.-S. Tse, “Decolonizing Anthropology: Reflections from Cambridge,” Camb. J. Anthropol., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 53–72, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.3167/cja.2018.360206.[18] R. Connell, “Decolonizing Sociology
(e.g., pre/post assessment of impacts ofprofessional development). Further, they could be used as a self-reflective tool to provide astarting point for educators to engage in discussions around personal conceptions of the work ofengineers. Next steps include further examination of participant responses to explore theirconceptions of engineers and their use of mathematics and science. This exploration can provideuseful information for teacher educators and professional development providers to use whendesigning engineering- focused instruction for K-12 teachers.References[1] National Research Council. (2012). A framework for K–12 science education: Practices,crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Washington, DC: The National Academies
adjusted according to the feedback of the tests.AcknowledgementThis work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1956193.Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are thoseof the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References [1] Y. Sun, H. Song, A. J. Jara, and R. Bie, “Internet of things and big data analytics for smart and connected communities,” IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 766–773, 2016. [2] X. Yue, Y. Liu, J. Wang, H. Song, and H. Cao, “Software defined radio and wireless acoustic networking for amateur drone surveillance,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 90–97, 2018. [3] J. Wang, Y. Liu, and H
indicated.Module 1: Introduction to ResearchThe purpose of the first module is to help students understand why they might want to conductresearch in the first place, both to motivate their research work and to motivate them in thecourse, and to give them some key information they need to start on research. This is particularlyimportant if they are starting a research project while they are taking the course.Some of the reasons that are presented for conducting research are curiosity, the wish to solveproblems, salary considerations, and desired career paths. Students are asked to reflect on theirown motivations in the learning activities for this section.After examining research motivation, students examine the value of research to society. Thespecific
, recruit the new cohort of ACCESS scholarshiprecipients, and continue to connect students with peers, mentors, and industry and governmentprofessionals, providing them opportunities to network, learn from, and interact with potentialemployers for internships or full-time positions.The material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.1930282. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this materialare those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation.8.0 References[1] “Heatmap,” cyberseek.org. [online]. Available: https://www.cyberseek.org/heatmap.html. [Accessed March 3, 2021].[2] Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of
Likert measurement scale [18]. For additional analysisof perceived skill with actual awarded grades, the mean average grade for each course sectionwas compared to the section average of survey results for the question addressing perceivedability (question 1).For the first question regarding engineering ability, students showed a slight increase in meanresponse (2.684 to 3.125), which did not reflect a statistically significant increase (p = 0.063).When comparing the perceived skill based on survey results and the awarded grades, students wereawarded grades slightly higher (3.2 compared to 2.904) but not statistically significant (p = 0.340).Therefore, over the course of the semester there was little change in perceived skill, but the