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Displaying results 1261 - 1290 of 23115 in total
Conference Session
Biomedical Division Poster Session
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Todd Freeborn, University of Alabama; Memorie Gosa, University of Alabama
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical Engineering
experiences had engineering students observe clinicians and student-clinicians at the Speech and Hearing Center (SHC) during typical therapy sessions with communityclients and reflect on their experiences. In this work, an overview of the logistical elements, asummary of the student feedback from the written reflections and focus groups, and futurerecommendations for the program are presented.Speech Pathology Shadowing SessionsShadowing and clinical placements are a key part of healthcare professional education [2] and webelieve that engineering students will also benefit from observation and interaction with groupsoutside of their discipline. This is supported by recent experiences reported on inter-professionalshadowing for senior medical students
Conference Session
Communication and Collaboration
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sally Blomstrom, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Hak Tam, University of California, Santa Barbara
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education
accountability.The overall assessment plan included direct and indirect measures gathered as formative andsummative assessments using quantitative and qualitative assessments [3]. The portion of theplan presented in this paper is a quantitative, indirect assessment used as a pretest and posttest.We recognized the importance of alignment [4] and examined the university’s mission, thegeneral education goals, and the student learning outcomes for the course. The instrument usedin this study was developed to align with the course outcomes and the course content. Evaluationforms used by the instructor, the student for her/his own reflection, peers, and audience memberswere developed to reflect the same criteria. The instrument reported on in this paper
Conference Session
Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 5
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alandra Kahl, Pennsylvania State University, Greater Allegheny
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
playing field can help combatthose disparities. For instance, inclusion of service learning has also been shown to increaseretention of women and underrepresented minorities in engineering 10,11. Other approaches suchas pairing female students with mentors and creating discussion groups that explore diversity andinclusion have also been shown to help, as was done in this study.Methodology:Participants shared experiences during weekly discussion and through journaling about howgender norms in engineering and the sciences tend to reflect masculine values, experiences andlife situations. Through these discussions, participants learned to address underlyingassumptions, norms, and practices to change the culture for all members, men and women
Conference Session
Your Best in 5 Minutes: Demonstrations of Hands-On and Virtual In-Class Teaching Aids
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Laura Doyle, Santa Clara University; Tonya Lynn Nilsson P.E., Santa Clara University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
Hotel. In both cases, the modelsare loaded to failure and the total weight added before failure is compared. After a shortdiscussion, a video of the Hyatt Regency Hotel tragedy is shown. The in-class assignment isfollowed up with a reflection paper assignment. In a survey administered to students in thecourse during fall 2017, 89 percent of student respondents (n = 48) indicated the activity addedto their understanding of the topic and indicated in descriptive questions that the activity washelpful and increased their interest in engineering.IntroductionDue to the nature of civil and mechanical engineering projects, it is vital for practitioners touphold ethical standards during the engineering design process. As educators, we have
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrew L. Gillen, Virginia Tech; Jacob R. Grohs, Virginia Tech; Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Tech; Gary R. Kirk, Virginia Tech; Holly Larson Lesko, Virginia Tech; Cheryl Carrico P.E., Virginia Tech
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
such as student reflections and other worksheets are collected forevaluative purposes. Newly in year two of the program, reflections have been transitioned from apaper activity to a whole class discussion facilitated by the classroom adults to mitigate some ofthe writing communication challenges discovered in the first year [23].Current statusEngagement with teachers and youth. Data collection for year one of the project has come to anend, and data collection in year two is currently underway. Considering student and teacheroutcomes to address research questions 1-3, analysis of the year one data has begun. Forteachers, findings suggest improvement around teacher confidence in teaching engineering aswell as challenges that still remain
Conference Session
Materials Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Stephen J. Krause, Arizona State University; Dale R. Baker, Arizona State University; Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Terry L. Alford, Arizona State University; Casey Jane Ankeny, Arizona State University; Bill Jay Brooks, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Cindy Waters, North Carolina A&T State University; Brady J. Gibbons, Oregon State University
Tagged Divisions
Materials
principles, which include the following. For moreeffective learning, instructors need to: 1) elicit students' prior knowledge to help informinstruction; 2) engage students to promote conceptual change so they can construct deepknowledge organized in a conceptual framework; and 3) encourage metacognition to build habitsof expert learners who define their learning goals and monitor their own progress. The pedagogyuses two-way formative feedback in which students reflect on their learning in a class with class-end Muddiest Point feedback and instructors respond to student misconceptions and learningissues by adjusting instruction and providing next class feedback to the students. The two-wayfeedback process promotes self reflection not only on the part
Conference Session
NSF Grantees’ Poster Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Nicola Sochacka, University of Georgia
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Paper ID #12991Building capacity and social capital around interpretive research qualityDr. Joachim Walther, University of Georgia Dr. Walther is an assistant professor of engineering education research at the University of Georgia (UGA). He is the director of the Collaborative Lounge for Understanding Society and Technology through Educational Research (CLUSTER), an interdisciplinary research group with members from engineering, art, educational psychology, and social work. His research interests range from the role of empathy in engineering students’ professional formation, the role of reflection in engineering
Conference Session
Visualization Within Engineering Design Graphics Education Session 2
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Monika Herrmann, University of Wisconsin, Stout
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
scores, schools payless attention to non-tested academic subjects2. As Diane Ravitch (2010) points out in her book“The Death and Life of the Great American School System” even the National Academy ofEducation worries we are apt to measure what we can, and eventually come to value what ismeasured over what is left unmeasured (p.167)3. In response to an educational background thatinforms the study habits of many students, this study is exploring teaching methods that focus ondeveloping students’ confidence in their actual abilities of visualization and graphic expressionthrough classroom experience and reflection. The experience in the classroom can either confirmstudents’ perception or broaden their framework. As Mezirow (1991) pointed out in his
Conference Session
Viewpoints, Perspectives, and Creativity in Civil Engineering Education
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Aatish Bhatia, Princeton University; Maria E. Garlock P.E., Princeton University; Evelyn Hanna Laffey, Princeton University
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
 question to assess understanding of the relation between form and forces in a suspension  bridge. Image: Maria Garlock  4. To encourage experiential learning.​  Here we use a sequence of polling questions to guide students through an interactive lecture demonstration or hands­on activity.  Encouraging experiential learning through lecture demonstrations and hands­on activities  We typically implement an interactive lecture demonstration in three stages: ​ predict​ experience​ , ​ ,  reflect​and ​  [3]. In the first step, students make their predictions about the outcome of an experiment or
Conference Session
Make It!
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University; Vania Willms
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
, whichbounces off a reflective surface and returns to the sensor. Then, using the amount of time it takesfor the wave to return to the sensor, the distance to the object can be computed.The ultrasonic range finder emits a high-frequency sound wave that alerts the robot to things inits path. A Programming Kit is needed to change the program in the VEX Controller. These arespecific behaviors achieved by the ultrasonic range finder: measure distances from 1.5in to115in; detect obstacles using high frequency sound waves; create more autonomous functions.The sensor can be used to determine distances to objects. It can be used as a tool to determine ifany objects are in the robot’s path at all. To increase the sensing range, the sensor can bemounted to a
Conference Session
Track: Learning Spaces, Pedagogy, and Curriculum Design Technical Session I
Collection
2019 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity
Authors
Tikyna M. Dandridge, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; Hassan Ali Al Yagoub, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sharlane Cleare, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Justin Charles Major, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Shalin Lena Raye, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Casey E. Wright, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Topics
Diversity, Learning Spaces, Pedagogy & Curriculum Design
staff primarily evaluated based on their engineering education research pro- ductivity. She can be contacted by email at apawley@purdue.edu. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 Engaging in STEM education equity work through a course: studying race, class and gender theory in engineering educationAbstractEach of the authors are currently enrolled as students or serving as an instructor in a graduate-level engineering education course which is cross-listed with the women’s, gender, and sexualitystudies program at a large research university in the Midwest. Through engagement withpodcasts, readings, reflection, and discussion with others, this course seeks to help
Conference Session
Engineering and Math Potpouri
Collection
2008 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John Schmeelk, Virginia Commonwealth University; Jean Hodges, VCU\Qatar Campus
Tagged Divisions
Mathematics
expand upon rotations, reflections, andtranslations. In addition, the course begins with mathematical formulas that speak to the issue ofgeometric shapes, followed by an intense development of the Fibonacci sequence and several of Page 13.1184.3its properties illustrating the utility of the sequence in the “real world.” In the current study,students were shown some past student projects submitted as partial fulfillment in the previousMATH 131 courses to introduce each new topic visually and were required to complete a muchmore comprehensive project component (hence the term Implementing Techniques for Project-Directed Mathematics). The students
Conference Session
NSF Grantees' Poster Session
Collection
2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Wei Zheng, Jackson State University; Liusheng Wang, Jackson State University; Jianjun Yin, Jackson State University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
onesemester. Student participants were freshmen who were involved in the required communityservice learning projects. Participating students were assigned to the community servicelearning sites, required to provide innovative solutions to the problems they identified on thesites, and facilitated with the designed interventions of question prompts on self-regulatedlearning and creative problem solving, which included metacognitive prompts, proceduralprompts, elaboration prompts, and reflective prompts, as well as prompts for creative problemsolving strategies. The presented results were based on analysis of data collected throughstudents’ process journals and project reports. The students’ utilization of question prompts, andself-regulated learning
Conference Session
Minorities in Engineering Poster Session
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Wei Zheng, Jackson State University; Jianjun Yin, Jackson State University
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
’ metacognitive skills in learning andcreative problem solving in their engineering education. This will help students to enhance theiracademic performance and pursue engineering studies as their career goals. The outcomes fromthe prior implementation are outlined through students’ responses and reflections on theirlearning experience. It is expected that the presented scaffolding could have positive impact onstudents’ self-efficacy and higher-order skill development, and further experimental research isneeded to validate this conclusion. Page 25.575.2
Conference Session
NSF Grantees’ Poster Session
Collection
2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Melissa M. Bilec, University of Pittsburgh; Daniel Mosse, University of Pittsburgh; Margaret S. Smith, University of Pittsburgh; Jennifer L Cartier, University of Pittsburgh
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
attract college STEM majors into the teaching profession and bydeveloping a rigorous middle grades teacher preparation program that reflects core commitmentsof effective middle grades educators. We will present some of our progress thus far related toSUSTAINS development.IntroductionBeginning in 2012, teacher educators throughout Pennsylvania launched programs to prepareteachers who specialize in middle grades (4-8). The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s newemphasis on highly qualified middle grades teachers provides a unique opportunity to impactchildren at a crucial time in their formal education experience, when they are developing a senseof their efficacy as learners, exploring career aspirations, and developing as adolescents alongsocial
Conference Session
Serving the Information Needs of Engineering Technology Educators
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Marilyn Dyrud
emerged over the years: the publication now servesas a research aid to members of the engineering technology community. Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Page 9.1258.1 Copyright 82004, American Society for Engineering EducationTrendsIn addition to providing an annual snapshot of engineering technology scholarship, thebibliography also reflects changes within the discipline. The first bibliography, which listed1986 publications, included just a few entries for computers and electronics: SPICE was the ragefor teaching electronics, and computer-aided
Conference Session
Recruiting/Retention--Lower Division
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
James Wood
meet a specific industry'sneeds, a model using the PBL-approach will be presented. In this model, an interdisciplinarydevelopment team, consisting of technical and general education instructors familiar withinterdisciplinary and problem-based instruction, is formed. Through interviews with plantemployees and visits to the plant floor, the team evaluates the scope and sequence of an existingcourse and identifies potential PBL modules to fit both the educational requirements of thecourse and workplace activities. Workplace scenarios are written, reviewed with industrypersonnel, and modified, if necessary, to reflect actual workplace situations. When the material ispresented, students are presented a problem that relates to their workplace and
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Janna Jobel, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Hsien-Yuan Hsu, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Yanfen Li, University of Massachusetts, Lowell
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
junioryear in undergrad through the completion of a master's degree or through the completion of theirqualifying exam within a Ph.D. program, the program provides opportunities throughout todeeply engage students in reflecting on social issues. The goal of the program is to foster theprofessional development of S-STEM scholars to develop socially conscious engineers andengineering faculty who support students and come up with innovative solutions that meet thediverse needs of different populations.Socially Conscious ProgrammingUML’s S-STEM Program is halfway through the second cohort’s first year. The programmingdescribed was offered in the first year for the first cohort and is being offered to the secondcohort during their first year in the
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Janeth Martinez-Cortes, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Mark Appleford, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Jose Francisco Herbert Acero, The University of Texas at San Antonio; Harry R. Millwater Jr., The University of Texas at San Antonio; Heather Shipley, The University of Texas at San Antonio
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
students experience.” Such data can contextualize the design and the delivery ofthe intervention. To examine FOI, an LR-LS fidelity rubric was developed by the research teamto score faculty on five “critical components” [1] of the LR-LS framework: 1) STEM/academicliteracy, 2) affordances for student interaction, 3) orientations to student learning, 4) reflectivepractice, and 5) faculty leadership. Our FOI rubric was intended to capture the extent to whichLR-LS components were enacted during lesson study (quality measure). The five LR-LScomponents were measured using a four-point scale. A score of “0” means the component wasnot present, “1” reflects minimal implementation, “2” reflects moderate implementation, and “3”reflects strong
Conference Session
Identity Formation and Engineering Cultures
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Timothy Duane Reedy, University of Maryland, College Park; David Tomblin, University of Maryland, College Park
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)
ofdesigning and building technologies. However, they do this within the context of unique placesand among distinct milieu that reflects its own engineering culture [8]. Thus, engineering cultureand the development of engineering identity is inextricably tied to the places that reproduce itand contains within it specific organizational patterns, embedded norms and routines, sharedbeliefs, and values that often mediate how students engage with faculty, staff, and one another.In short, culture cannot be decoupled from the place in which it is experienced and imparted.Extant research delineates visible manifestations of culture as “ways of doing things” within theclassroom and laboratory spaces—which often prioritizes the teaching and development
Conference Session
Aerospace Technical Session
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Moshe Barak, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Tagged Divisions
Aerospace
to monitor or control any aspect of cognition, forexample, memory, attention, communication, learning, or problem-solving.Metacognition is also about learners’ ability to set goals, consider the nature of a taskand reflect on their learning [7]. In the context of technology education, successfullearning also involves the intentional use of strategies, techniques or heuristics thatcan help in the process of problem-solving and invention.The motivational aspect of SRLT refers to students’ intrinsic satisfaction from beingengaged in challenging assignments and their self-efficacy beliefs about their abilityto accomplish a task [8]. According to Bandura’s [9] socio-cognitive theory, self-efficacy beliefs are determined by previous positive
Conference Session
Tools of Teaching
Collection
2002 Annual Conference
Authors
Dave Cress
first two exams for study.For the first step of the exercise, students need to correct the mistakes on their exam. I allowthem to use any resources to find an acceptable answer, including discussions of the problem withother students and asking me for advice. If the problem is not reworked correctly, no credit isallowed as the follow-up steps are likely to be invalid.The second part of the exercise challenges student performance; finding what “caused” themistake(s). Students need to recall and reflect on their own thinking during the exam. They alsoneed to think about their study habits and learning styles. There is a tendency for all of us to avoidthinking about our failures. We can help students to be more comfortable about reflecting on
Collection
2024 ASEE Midwest Section Conference
Authors
Sangjin Ryu; Jessica Deters; Jonathan Janecek; Christian Sunderland; Laurel S. Wagner; Rachael Wagner
for students, midpoint and endpoint focus groups withstudents, and interviews with students’ mentors. Separately, Deters (Author 2) asked the cohort toparticipate in additional data collection for research purposes. The cohort was asked to do weeklyself-reflection with given prompts, and upon their return, each IRES scholar will be interviewedabout their IRES experience. These data will be analyzed in-depth over the next year. Preliminaryfindings from the student reflections are provided below.FindingsStudents’ reflection: what they learned by conducting research in JapanFor their final report, the IRES students, who are co-authors on this paper, were asked to reflectwhat they learned by conducting research in Japan, and what the biggest
Collection
2024 ASEE St. Lawrence Section Annual Conference
Authors
George Weinschenk; Koenraad Gieskes
ethicalconsiderations before completing the main assignment. Following a class-wide lecture on ethics,it begins with an individual task to identify personal biases; next, it branches out into otherethical perspectives with a team-based task more realistically representing the viewpoints foundin real-world settings. Along with each task, students are required to reflect on their choices andethical positions.In the first, orienting task, a more traditional approach is taken wherein the students are guidedthrough a discussion of the classic trolley problem [12] as applied to the development of self-driving cars. Once students have responded to the question, “Would you save five people bychoosing to kill one?” the students are shown the TED talk, What moral
Collection
2010 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference
Authors
Amit Bandyopadhyay
experiences of a situationand the way one learns alternative or more appropriate kinds of organizing experiences.In brief, cognitive theorists contend that humans learn cognitive structures orunderstanding rather than movements and that the behaviorists are merely looking at theresults of learning rather than the process of learning when they focus on behavior.Learning StylesStudents take in and process information in different ways: by seeing and hearing,reflecting and acting, reasoning logically and intuitively, analyzing and visualizing,steadily and in fits and starts. Teaching methods also vary. Some instructors lecture, otherdemonstrate or lead students to self-discovery. Some focus on principles and other otherson applications. Some emphasize
Conference Session
Sociotechnical Thinking I: Classroom Experiences, Identity, and Theory
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Jonathan Seth Krones, Boston College; Jenna A. Tonn, Boston College; Russell C. Powell, Boston College
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education/Engineering & Society
historical context using a variety of instructional modes and pedagogicalinnovations.This paper presents the experience of developing and teaching MMW for the first time in 2020 inthe midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. MMW was designed and co-taught by an interdisciplinaryfaculty teaching team from the departments of history, theology, and environmental science. As adesignated “Complex Problems” course, a type of first-year interdisciplinary Core course, MMWoffered 70 students the opportunity to satisfy BC’s Core requirements in Natural Science andHistory through three linked pedagogical components: lectures, labs, and reflection sessions. Ourgoal was to integrate engineering, the history of science and technology studies, and ethical andmoral modes of
Conference Session
CEED Technical Session II: Developing Research and Design Skills Through Experiential Learning
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nicole Bowers, Arizona State University; Michelle Jordan, Arizona State University; Kate Fisher; Zachary Holman, Arizona State University; Mathew D. Evans, Arizona State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Cooperative and Experiential Education
technical skills.Although these are necessary for career success and productive work, students must also developcapacities for authentic engineering practices within authentic engineering communities.Specifically, they must develop practices for engaging ill-structured, ambiguous problems, andnavigating complexity and uncertainty through careful, creative application of deep knowledgethat characterize engineering design1. And they must do so in collaboration with others,communicating successfully with diverse stakeholders in formal and informal settings2. Finally,they must cultivate the ability to reflect on the quality of their innovation and communicationefforts3.The NSF and other sponsors fund research experiences for undergraduates (REU
Conference Session
Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Collection
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kristen Moore, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Matilde Luz Sanchez-Pena, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Qiuxing Chen; Anne M. McAlister, University of Virginia; Courtney Burris; Jada Vanessa Mowatt, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)
. Establishing an environment of trust (362) 2. Creating an empowering space (362-363) 3. Setting a Clear Focus (363) 4. Creating an open space (363) 5. Encouraging Collaboration (363)These five values reflect our objectives in integrating a community mapping and participatorydesign methodology into our project. We assumed that our student participants (like the youthAmsden and VanWynsberghe engaged with) were seldom invited to shape the design ofprograms or engage in bottom-up critique. We created an iconographic mapping in lieu of acommunity map as an invitation to discuss/critique the whole gamut of places and people thatcomprised their experiences in the [engineering school].The iconographic map (see Figure 1) functioned much like a
Conference Session
LEES 1: Critical Humanities and Serious Play
Collection
2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kendall Teichert, Trine University
targeting the motivation and engagement of the students.Presented here are those changes and the associated findings.Design Project (Original Implementation)In 2018 there was a celebration for the 200th anniversary of the novel Frankenstein [8]. Asreported previously [7], in collaboration with faculty in the humanities department, the designproject for a first-year mechanical engineering course was altered to incorporate an explorationof themes from the novel. The students were required to read/listen to the text and to extractthemes that would then be incorporated into a robotic display. The students were led through theprocess with periodic “reflections” that they were to write after completing a certain portion ofthe text. Once a theme was
Conference Session
Session 9 - Track 2: The Unheard Voices of Administrators who are Non-traditional Graduate Students in Engineering and Computing Education
Collection
2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)
Authors
Morgan Haley McKie, Florida International University; Mais Kayyali, Florida International University; Alexandra Coso Strong, Florida International University
Tagged Topics
CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity
on these choices and to exercise control over the self and the environment” (p.5),may be used to understand and examine how motivation and self-direction are realized. Beingthat the focus of the study is on non-traditional students, the utilization of properties of humanagency as described by Bandura (2006) will help reveal the motivations and interests, goals andoutcomes, action plans and self-regulators, as well as self-reflection and evaluation of these non-traditional students who are pursuing a doctorate while working full-time.Methodology This study seeks to identify factors that impact the agency of individuals pursuing theirgoals in dual roles, as doctoral students and higher education administrators, by analyzing theirlived