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Displaying results 13261 - 13290 of 38471 in total
Conference Session
Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Kate Caroline Batson, University of Georgia
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
Conference Session
Race/Ethnicity Track - Technical Session VII
Collection
2018 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference
Authors
Monica L. Ridgeway, Vanderbilt University ; Ebony Omotola McGee, Vanderbilt University; Dara Elizabeth Naphan-Kingery, Vanderbilt University; Amanda J. Brockman, Vanderbilt University
Tagged Topics
Race/Ethnicity
minimize doctoral attrition- A four stage framework. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 2(1), 33-49.Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundemental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529.Brookfield, S. (2005). The power of critical theory for adult learning and teaching. The Adult Learner, 85.Brookfield, S. D. (2015). The skillful teacher: On technique, trust, and responsiveness in the classroom. John Wiley & Sons.Clance, P. R., & Imes, S. A. (1978). The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 15(3), 241.Cole, D., &
Conference Session
Educational Issues in Civil Engineering
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Anant Kukreti, University of Cincinnati
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
institutions in the U.S., Universityof Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. The goal ofeach REU Site was to provide eight week summer full-time in-residence research training andprofessional development program on the use of modern technology in conducting anddisseminating research in “Structural Engineering,” with special focus on techniques to studythe "Development of Enhanced Materials and Structural Assemblages for Seismic PerformanceEvaluation Studies." Each year six to nine students were selected, based on a nationalapplication process, who were divided in three teams, and each team worked on a well-definedresearch project under the guidance of faculty mentors(s) and a graduate research assistant(GRA
Conference Session
Embedded Computing
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Steven Barrett, University of Wyoming; Jeffrey Anderson, University of Wyoming; Jerry Hamann, University of Wyoming; Robert Kubichek, University of Wyoming; Suresh Muknahallipatna, University of Wyoming; John Pierre, University of Wyoming; David Whitman, University of Wyoming; Cameron Wright, University of Wyoming
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
, ROM, and I/O. The initial experiment has the students use theHC11’s Buffalo Bug software to manipulate port outputs. The traffic light LEDs are connectedto the output ports of the microprocessors. Thus, the students directly control the lights bymodifying the contents of the memory locations associated with the output ports. This helps thestudents see the connection between software and what happens in hardware. Then the lectureexplains how programs can be written for the microprocessor and stored in on-chip RAM. Theidea of a simple flow chart is introduced to alternate green and red lights between N/S and E/W.The second experiment has the students implement the flowchart in C code, compile the code,and download it to the microprocessor. The
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Course Efforts
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ravi T. Shankar, Florida Atlantic University; Teresa J. Sakraida, Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing; Francis Xavier McAfee, Florida Atlantic University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
does not do one-to-one comparisons. That is, the number of observations in the pre and post surveys can bedifferent. For this statistical testing, we used an online tool (Astatsa, n.d.). Null hypothesis isassumed to be rejected if the p value is < 0.10, recorded below as Significant (S); otherwise, it isnot significant (NS) that is it is not certain there was a significant difference between the pre andpost-survey responses for that category. Table 3: Results from Pre and Post Surveys.Survey Question Pre-Survey (n = 34) Post-Survey (n = 42) p value and SignificanceImage Capture 1.94 + 1.91 2.63
Conference Session
Technology and Design in Engaging and Analyzing Ethics
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Marilyn A. Dyrud, Oregon Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
“extension[s] of man”: the hammer is an extension of the hand, eyeglasses anextension of the eyes, the wheel an extension of the foot.14 Thus media are not separate from theircreators but intimately intertwined. And if media/technologies are physical extensions of people,it follows that they may also embody other human characteristics, such as ethics and values.Furthermore, the user has only limited choice for using a particular technological artifact, as eachhas a built-in bias. According to social critic Neil Postman, “It has within its physical form apredisposition toward being used in certain ways and not others.”15 Each medium“massages”—and hence changes—the information that flows through it.2 “The medium,”McLuhan famously declared, “is the
Conference Session
Institutionalizing Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elizabeth Nilsen, Purdue University; Edward F. Morrison, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Raquel Asencio, Purdue University; Scott Hutcheson, Purdue University, School of Engineering Technology
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
(Lichtenstein & Plowman, 2009;Sullivan & Pines, 2016). It is a shared discipline of collective action. As participants follow thesesimple rules, new interactions take place and new outcomes emerge. Using simple, but not easyquestions, participants develop both a shared outcome and a project to move toward theiroutcome. The project represents a short-term experiment. Participants learn whether they canmove toward their shared outcome through the collective action they design. The process isiterative: as they learn, they move forward to complete some projects, adjust others and keepgoing, and take on new projects to reach their identified strategic outcome(s). Given thealignment between this approach and the complex nature of the university
Conference Session
Community Engagement in Diverse Contexts
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jerrod A. Henderson, University of Houston (CoE & CoT); Virginia Snodgrass Rangel, University of Houston; Rick P. Greer, University of Houston; Mariam Manuel, University of Houston; Sara Jolly Jones, University of Houston; Victoria Doan, University of Houston
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Community Engagement Division
Conference Session
Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 4
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu, North Carolina A&T State University; Dongyang Deng, North Carolina A&T State University; Cheryl Monique Stevens, North Carolina A&T State University; Kayla Gore; Iyshea Borders-Taylor, North Carolina A&T State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
-term, this would improve women representation in the male-dominated engineering and technology careers.References 1. T. McKoy, M. Hammond, C. Armwood, and S. K. Hargrove, “Persistence of African American Females in Engineering: The Identity Factor,” [Online]. Available http://zone2.asee.org/papers/proceedings/3/200.pdf [Accessed February 3, 2019] 2. National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education “Women and STEM: Preparing for a technology-driven economy, Title IX at 45: Advancing opportunity through equality in education,” Washington, DC: National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education, 2017, [Online]. Available https://www.ncwge.org/TitleIX45/Women%20and%20STEM.pdf [Accessed June 20, 2018
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 3
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Barbara A. Karanian, Stanford University; Ville Mikael Taajamaa, University of Turku; Christopher Andrew Parlier, Stanford University; Mona Eskandari, University of California, Riverside
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
theworkforce [6]. There are many explanations of individual excellence and entrepreneurialmindset [7,8, 9] and multiple studies about engineering students [10,11,12] with an emphasison a high need for achievement and potential for break-through innovation [13]. Since the late1990’s engineers and designers have been exploring moods and feelings and their connectionto better solutions [14]. And while research links entrepreneurial status to personality theory[15] and personality to leadership [16], few studies focus on the impact of emotion oninnovative success. This paper aims to begin filling that gap with a preliminary experiment toshow how students experience a story of innovation. The experiment is inspired by Radcliffe President Mattina
Conference Session
Community Engagement Division Technical Session 6
Collection
2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access
Authors
Cristiano Cordeiro Cruz, Aeronautics Technological Institute
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Community Engagement Division
Paper ID #28670Brazilian Grassroots Engineer’s Education: Achievements, Flaws, andChallengesDr. Cristiano Cordeiro Cruz, Aeronautics Technological Institute I currently develop a post-doctorate research at the Aeronautics Technological Institute (ITA) with a schol- arship from FAPESP (#2018/20563-3). I hold a PhD degree in Philosophy (University of S˜ao Paulo, 2017), a bachelor degree in Philosophy (Jesuit Faculty of Philosophy and Theology, 2008), a master degree in Electrical Engineering (University of Campinas, 2002), and a bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering (University of Campinas, 1999). My research area
Conference Session
Hands-On Projects and Demos
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jacob James Elmer, Villanova University; Daniel Adam Kraut, Villanova University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
devices for chemical engineering applications have also been developed, includingmicrofluidic devices (complete with valves, pumps, and mixers) [3–5], structured monolithiccatalysts [6], reactors with complex geometries to enhance chemical synthesis [7,8], andchromatography columns. Aside from their lower cost, the main benefit of these devices is thatthey can be specifically designed for unique applications in the lab. 3D printing also allows theuser to create complex structures and shapes that cannot be fabricated by other traditional methods. Labware Reference(s) Syringe pump [1] Centrifuge
Conference Session
Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Fethiye Ozis P.E., Northern Arizona University; Sahar Razavi, Northern Arizona University; Nihal Sarikaya, Northern Arizona University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Environmental Engineering
shik’éí dóó shidine’é . Shí éí Melissa ******* yinishyé. Bééshbichʼahii nishłį́.Hashk’aan Bit'ahnii bashishchiin. Bééshbichʼahii dashicheii. Tódích'ii'nii dashinalí. Ákót’éegodiné asdzáán nishłį́. Ahéhee’.”Do you feel you belong in the Environmental Engineering Department? If so, why, if not why? “I think there are issues in any program, but I really have enjoyed the engineeringprogram so far. Engineering is not easy in any sense. The environmental engineering departmentit self is small but that [i]s one of my favorite things about it. I think we have credible staff thatknow their filed very well. Some instructors don't have the best class setup, but I assume alldepartment[s] have [a] class like that. I want to go in water focused
Conference Session
Design in Engineering Education Division: Student Empathy & Human-centered Design
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Devanshi Shah, Florida Institute of Technology; Elisabeth Kames, Florida Institute of Technology ; McKenzie Carol Clark, Florida Institute of Technology; Beshoy Morkos, Florida Institute of Technology
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
Conference Session
The Best of First Year Programs: Best Paper Session
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kelsey Joy Rodgers, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach; Jaqi C. McNeil, University of Louisville; Matthew A. Verleger Ph.D. (He/His/Him), Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach; Farshid Marbouti, San Jose State University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
on the first submission, the students who took Instructor 1from the experimental group outperformed the comparison group students on all othersubmissions. Instructor 1’s students average scores increased by 1.251 points compared to theaverage scores of the students from the comparison group that only increased by 0.384 points.The students who took Instructor 2 from the experimental group received the lowest averagescore on all four submissions, but had the greatest gains across the submissions (with the averageincreasing by 1.780 points). Mathematical Model Complexity (out of 9 points) Change in Means across 4 Submissions 8.5
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joyce B. Main, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Yanbing Wang, Purdue University
Tagged Topics
NSF Grantees Poster Session
science fields, only 15-20% eventually obtaintenure track faculty positions [20], while others find employment in non-tenure track positions oremployer sectors outside of academia [11], [19]. Using data from Taiwan, Lin and Chiu [10]found that postdoc training is associated with higher likelihood of maintaining an academicresearch career for engineering PhDs. Using data from Frances, Hanchane and Recotillet [9]found postdoc experience to be correlated with likelihood of a research career in science, but notin engineering fields. Andalib et al.’s [11] analysis of the NSF SDR data shows that compared toother STEM fields, engineering postdocs are particularly likely to leave the postdoc role beforeobtaining a tenure track position, and instead
Conference Session
Aerospace Engineering Education
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elizabeth Scott Fleming, Georgia Institute of Technology; Amy Pritchett, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Aerospace
Institute of Technology Amy R. Pritchett is the Davis S. Lewis Associate Professor in the Georgia Tech School of Aerospace Engineering c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Creating and Validating a Model to Support Aerospace Engineering Students’ Coordination of Knowledge about a DesignIntroductionAs a general field, design symbolizes the "conception and realisation of new things".1 However,engineering design differs from other design areas (e.g. graphic, industrial, and software design) in theenhanced complexity involved with clarifying and defining engineering products. Engineering designcan also be defined as a structured approach to developing, validating, and
Conference Session
Innovation in Engineering Leadership Education
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cindy Rottmann, University of Toronto; Robin Sacks, University of Toronto; Mike Klassen, Institute for Leadership Education in Engineering, University of Toronto; Doug Reeve, University of Toronto
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Leadership Development Division
.’s fourteen leadership competenciesinclude2: initiative (assess risk and take initiative to create a vision/course of action), decision-making (make data-informed and risk-informed decisions about your course of action),responsibility and urgency to deliver (commitment to on-time deliverables), resourcefulness (getthe job done with passion, discipline, intensity and flexibility), ethical actions and integrity(courageously adhere to ethical standards), trust and loyalty (instil trust in your team byempowering members), courage (face difficult actions head-on), vision (create compellingimages of the future), realizing the vision (design processes to move from abstraction toimplementation), inquiry (listen to others and recognize that their
Conference Session
First-year Programs Division Technical Session 6: Hands-on Projects and Spatial Skills
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Benjamin Emery Mertz, Arizona State University; Haolin Zhu, Arizona State University; Chao Wang, Arizona State University
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
and project timeline can be found in Table A.1 in AppendixA.Based on the feedback the course developers received after the course has been offered during2013 Fall session A, weekly units have been reordered for 2013 Fall session B, the details ofwhich can be found in Table A.2 in Appendix A. The main reason for the reordering was tomore evenly distribute the workload over the semester and give students more time to work onthe project. Units with time intensive activities were paired with units that did not require asmuch work. This seemed to have helped students better manage the workload and pace of thecourse.The course developers agreed that for the first half of the course, each unit should contain a fewshort video lectures, discussion(s
Conference Session
Graduate Recruitment & Professional Development
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Erika Mosyjowski, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Adam Blake Baker, University of Michigan; Diane L Peters, Kettering University; Steve J. Skerlos, University of Michigan
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
, including:  Please first indicate the amount you consulted with each of the groups below and the degree to which they were resistant or supportive of your decision to pursue a PhD.  Please indicate how important each of these factors was in your decision to attend to graduate school prior to enrolling.  Please indicate how much you used each of the following sources of information when you were selecting a PhD program.  Please rate how important each type of information was when selecting a PhD program:  Did you already know the topic of your dissertation work prior to beginning your PhD?  Did you already know which professor(s) you wanted to work with prior to your PhD?Returners considered numerous factors
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Epicenter Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Victoria Matthew, VentureWell; Thema Monroe-White, SageFox Consulting Group; Ari Turrentine, VentureWell; Angela Shartrand, VentureWell; Amit Shashikant Jariwala, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
Conference Session
Working in Teams: ERM Roundtable
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nathan Mentzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Andrew Jackson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kevin Andrew Richards, Northern Illinois University; Angelika N Zissimopoulos, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Dawn Laux, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
opportunity to hear the students’ voice and perceptions on peerfeedback experiences in the course; in that way it is an indicator of how well these assessmentopportunities are being integrated in the course. Brutus et al.30 stated that “one of the mainlimitations of [their] study is that it does not specify what, in the PES [peer evaluation system]experience, underlies the detected effects. Questions remain as to which component(s) ofstudents’ educational experience actually contributed to their increase in confidence withobservation” (p. 28). While previous studies have been able to demonstrate significant effectsthrough repeated uses of peer feedback during team projects, this study aims to explore theunderlying mechanisms that lead to those
Conference Session
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division – Evaluating Student Behaviors and Attitudes
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nicholas D. Fila, Purdue University; Justin L Hess, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Paul D. Mathis, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow. He received his B.S. in Civil Engineering in 2011 with a minor in philosophy and his M. S. in Civil Engineering in 2015. His research focuses on understanding engineers’ core values, dispositions, and worldviews. His dissertation focuses on conceptualizations, the importance of, and methods to teach empathy within engineering. He is currently the Education Director for Engineers for a Sustainable World and an assistant editor for Engineering Studies.Mr. Paul D. Mathis, Purdue University, West Lafayette Engineering Education PhD undergraduate student at Purdue University. Previously a high school educa- tor for six years with a masters in education curriculum and BS
Conference Session
Student Division Poster Session
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael Galczynski, University of Maryland - College Park
Tagged Divisions
Student
Conference Session
Engineering Physics Technical Session 4
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Teresa L. Larkin, American University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Physics & Physics
interested in assessing studentunderstanding of a particular lecture or class session, it would be best to give it during the lastfew minutes of class time. However, if the goal of the instructor is to assess studentunderstanding of a reading or other homework assignment, the minute paper could be givenduring the first few minutes of a class period.The minute paper is typically structured in the form of two short questions such as: “What wasthe most important thing you learned during our class session today?” and “What importantquestion(s) remain uppermost in your mind as we ended our class session today?” It isrecommended that the students’ answers remain anonymous in order for them to feelcomfortable to share their true understanding (or
Conference Session
Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session 4
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Swetha Nittala, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Tasha Zephirin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Shiloh James Howland, Brigham Young University; Dayoung Kim, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Andrew Katz, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
that revolvedaround other people included: considering others’ perspectives; the importance of applyingempathy in understanding; the potential in each human being for good and evil; the necessity ofholding paramount the health, safety, and welfare of the public; and recognizing responsibilitiesto employer(s), coworkers, communities, and society writ large. Regarding ethical-decision-making, participants mentioned the importance of sustainability in decision-making; consideringthe prospect of unintended consequences; properly weighting cost and benefit analyses; making acommitment to principles and beliefs; having an understanding of specific ethical theories; thepotential role that culture can play in shaping ethical norms; and the role of
Conference Session
Studies in Engineering Design
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jessie Marshall Zarazaga, Southern Methodist University, Lyle School of Engineering
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
. Plattner, “Welcome to the Virtual Crash Course in Design Thinking,” Stanford d.school, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://dschool.stanford.edu/resources. [Accessed: 09-Dec-2015].[8] M. Lande and L. Leifer, “Introducing A ‘Ways Of Thinking’ Framework For Student Engineers Learning To Do Design,” presented at the 2009 Annual Conference & Exposition, 2009, p. 14.796.1-14.796.12.[9] S. R. Daly, J. L. Christian, S. Yilmaz, C. M. Seifert, and R. Gonzalez, “Teaching design ideation,” in 2011 Annual Conference & Exposition, American Society for Engineering Education, 2011.[10] J. P. Guilford, “Characteristics of Creativity,” 1973.[11] R. A. Finke, T. B. Ward, and S. M. Smith, Creative cognition: theory, research, and applications
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tony Andrew Lowe, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education
mistakes may be critical to their success. In many subjectsmistakes are a sign of failure. Students who fail to memorize facts and procedures (e.g. spelling,grammar, multiplication tables) are less apt, yet in being a programmer may require analternative measure of success than counting correct and incorrect attempts. Programming doesrequire the memorization of details but equally requires improvement through trial and error.Papert et al. in the 70’s observed students learned through experimentation and play, noting“[p]resumably kids need this experience, no matter what the medium in which they are working”(Papert & others, 1978, p. 71). Yet the 6th graders with which Papert et al. were working werenot able to successfully learn from
Conference Session
Technical Session 9:Topics related to STEM
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ronald F. DeMara P.E., University of Central Florida; Tian Tian, University of Central Florida; Shadi Sheikhfaal, University of Central Florida; Wendy Howard, University of Central Florida
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
faculty. Theseare being addressed as on-going and future work.References[1] H. M. Vo, C. Zhu, and N. A. Diep, "The effect of blended learning on student performance at course-level in higher education: A meta-analysis," Studies in Educational Evaluation, vol. 53, pp. 17-28, June 2017.[2] C. D. Dziuban, J. L. Hartman, and P. D. Moskal, "Blended learning," Educause, Centre for Applied Research Bulletin. Vol. 2004, Issue 7, July 2004.[3] C. Dziuban, C. R. Graham, P. D. Moskal, A. Norberg, and N. Sicilia, "Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies," International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, vol. 15, no. 3, December 2018.[4] R. F. DeMara, N. Khoshavi, S. Pyle, J. Edison, R
Conference Session
FPD and DEEDs Joint Postcard Sessions
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jessica Daniels; Sophia T. Santillan, Duke University; Ann Saterbak, Duke University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education, First-Year Programs
surveys were administered at the beginning, middle, and end of the semesterto generate paired data used to investigate trends over time (Figure 2). Each survey took less than20 minutes to complete and gathered demographic information including age, genderidentification, race/ethnicity, and intended major(s)/minor(s). Survey 1 and Survey 3 consisted offour parts: self-ranking of technical skills competency (beginner, intermediate, advanced, orexpert), self-ranking of confidence in essential parts of the engineering design process using a five-point Likert scale (Figure 3), degree of agreement with statements related to general engineeringself-efficacy using a five-point Likert scale (Figure 4), and open-ended questions related to thosetopics. The