Conference Session

Fundamental: K-12 Students and Engineering Design Practices (Part 1)

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary McCormick, Tufts University; Jessica Watkins, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

only one idea; and enact design as a sequence of steps in their searchfor a solution. Our review of the literature indicates a wide range in students’ abilities toengage in engineering: in some instances, students demonstrate an “uncannycompetence” to resolve ambiguities and “exploit the open-ended situations in aproductive way,” (Roth, 1995, p. 378), while at others, they “can be unaware or unwaryof the potential for cascading complexity” (Crismond & Adams, 2012, p. 747).Our research on the Novel Engineering project reflects similar contrasts in studentengagement11, 23. For example, we have found that some students may consider multipledimensions of the design situation and develop optimal solutions for their clients17, whileothers

Conference Session

Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joi-lynn Mondisa, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Krystal S Corbett, Cyber Innovation Center

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, and Shake Table Survival. Engineering Design Process This process is used to guide students through the STEM EDA curriculum Build a prototype for the design chosen in Step 4 while encouraging teamwork, critical thinking, and creativity. and utilize the iterative nature of design. Test the prototype on the shake table and evaluate its performance. Reflect on the performance of the prototype and suggest improvements and redesigns of the

Conference Session

Curriculum Exchange

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary McCormick, Tufts University; Elissa C Milto, Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

other 21 Century Skills. • It meets common core and next generation science standards.More information and resources for implementation can be found at novelengineering.org. Page 26.1097.2 This project is funded by the National Science Foundation DRK-12 program, grant # DRL-1020243. Any opinion, findings,conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Collection

2015 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Alex C. Szatmary

Ordering Components of a Class Session: Application of Literature to Design of a Module on Analysis and Modeling of Dynamical Systems in Biology Alex C. Szatmary, National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentThe ordering of components of a class session affects the effectiveness of instruction. Forexample, choosing to start with a real-life example could get students motivated to learn about aconcept, or choosing to end with a worked example could prepare students to do homeworkproblems. Ordering learning activities should reflect an understanding of the steps that people gothrough in a learning cycle. One way of thinking about how best to

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey C. Evans P.E., Bucknell University; Michelle Oswald Beiler P.E., Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. Page 26.865.4 Figure 2: Integration of Humanities and Social Sciences into BOK and CEPCHumanities and Social Science in ABETInterestingly, the ABET9 General Criteria for the 1999-2000 accreditations cycle provided astatement about the curriculum (I.C.3.d (2)) which included the following:I.C.3.d. (2) Humanities and Social SciencesI.C.3.d.(2) (a) Studies in the humanities and social sciences serve not only to meet the objectivesof a broad education but also to meet the objectives of the engineering profession. Therefore,studies in the humanities and social sciences must be planned to reflect a rationale or fulfill anobjective appropriate to the engineering profession and the institution’s educational objectives.In the interests of making

Conference Session

Learning Through Service

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Katherine Schmotzer; Ana Paula Valenca, Purdue EPICS

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

technical and club advisors forthe EWB-USA. The local club already had professional mentors who travelled in-country theprevious summer on an assessment trip with a team of students. These mentors continued withthe class and supported the faculty for EPICS who was an added advisor and managed the courseand assessments along with a graduate teaching assistant. He was also added as an advisor for theclub to keep him informed about activities and also to make it easier on the student members toobtain required signatures within the university system. A second club advisor was kept from theprogram that had overseen EWB-USA previously and still had responsibility for the organization.This shared ownership has worked well.Student Reflections and

Conference Session

Teaching & Learning in Graduate Programs

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Quintana M. Clark, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana; James L. Mohler, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Alejandra J. Magana, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

,internalize, and retain new and difficult information”10. The VARK Questionnaire Flemingmodel (2001) is a sensory model and is an extension of the neuro-linguistic model10.The Kolb Experiential Learning Theory model (ELT) defines learning as “the process wherebyknowledge is created through the transformation of experience”8. Kolb Experiential LearningTheory (ELT) reflects and extends the theories of notable 20th century scholars: “John Dewey,Kurt Lewin, Jean, Piaget, William James, Carl Jung, Paulo Freire, Carl Rogers, and others”8.These scholars developed their theories of learning and development with respect to learningstyles with an emphasis on personal experience8. From the theories of these scholars, a wholemodel of ELT was developed8.The

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelly Brumbelow, Texas A&M University; Debra A. Fowler, Texas A&M University; James R. Morgan, Texas A&M University; Whitney L. Anthony, Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

and growth through curriculum design and redesign, professional development of graduate students related to teaching and the influence of reflection and creation of eportfolios on student connections to learning and employment.Dr. James R. Morgan, Texas A&M University Jim Morgan is the father of two daughters and the spouse of an engineer. He has been at Texas A&M for 30 years, currently serving as an associate professor of civil engineering. Jim has been active in the fresh- man engineering program at A&M for nearly 20 years; was an active participant in the NSF Foundation Coalition from 1993 to 2003; also has received funding for his engineering education research from the Department of Education

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Approaches to Sustainability and Grand Challenges

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard M. Goff, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

, carrying auseful load of at least four bags of groceries, and use the least amount of energy possible. Theperformance and fuel economy of the motorcycle was evaluated before and after streamlining.Examining data from several Vetter Challenges, dramatic improvement in the fuel economy ofmotorcycles after being streamlined is demonstrated. In parallel with the student team’s technicalresearch, their individual reflections before, during, and after the project were formally gatheredand analyzed. In this paper, the results of the Vetter Challenge competition are discussed alongwith students’ experience and reflections. Ongoing next steps and a pathway to implement thisresearch at other schools are revealed.Background & Introduction

Conference Session

Communication Across the Divisions III: Writing as Social–Technical Integration

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tatiana Teslenko, University of British Columbia, Vancouver

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Focus on Social Learning in a First-Year Technical Writing Class: a Canadian Case-Study The University of British Columbia, CanadaAbstract: Incorporation of writing assignments into the first-year curriculum is a keyopportunity for engineering educators. The topics of sustainable consumption and design,environmental issues and global engineering were introduced into a first-year engineeringcommunication course in the Faculty of Applied Science at the University of British Columbia,Vancouver. This successful initiative was further expanded to include writing reflection papers,proposals and research reports on community service learning

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sara A. Atwood, Elizabethtown College; Brenda Read-Daily, Elizabethtown College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

to teach,especially in ways that capture students’ interest and attention. A variety of approaches areimplemented including dedicated courses inside and outside of engineering, as well as weavingethical case studies throughout the curriculum 3-5. Creative approaches to teaching engineeringethics including argumentation, eye-witness role playing, videos, engineering ethics lunches, andeven an engineering ethics board game have previously been presented 6-10. The objective of thisassignment was to combine the common practice of integrating an ethics unit into a first yearIntroduction to Engineering course with the innovation of a creative fiction assignment requiringthe students to generate and reflect upon an ethical dilemma of personal

Conference Session

Mobile and Emerging Technologies in Construction

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph A. Wright, University of Wisconsin, Stout

Tagged Divisions

Construction

continue to meet the needs of theconstruction industry. The paper outlines the current state of practice in the industry regardinggraphic communication and presents the results of a survey of 22 contractors. The results arecompared with previous work in this area.1,2 The results and analysis reveal that the needs of theindustry are still fluid dues to changes in graphic software capabilities, and that continuedupdating of the curriculum is necessary to reflect this.The Importance of Graphic Communication in ConstructionOn all construction projects the contract comprises of both written and graphic information forboth the engineering/architectural, procurement, and construction phases, among others.3 Projectdocumentation during construction

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

DeLean Tolbert Smith, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

the key mathematical thinking skills. It is the ability to create mathematicalrepresentations of the problem at hand. In fact mathematical modeling tasks are often thought tobe the best mechanisms by which students can develop confidence with solving ill-structuredproblems[2]. This research will contribute to the body of knowledge around how students usemathematical thinking to solve engineering problems. After independently completing a 3 hourdesign task students were invited to reflect on their beliefs, attitudes and perception ofmathematical and design thinking through a semi-structured interview. In this paper, our intentis to explore their responses and understand how students perceive their abilities and the enablingand hindering

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dalton Bishop, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis; Connie Justice, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Eugenia Fernandez, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

the LL on the IUPUI campus. Once a student has compiled enough experience, he or she willbe assigned an external project or internship for an outside organization [5]. Every week studentsare required to attend project status meetings and compose reflective journal entries. At theconclusion of the semester, the student provides his or her reflective documentation along with aproject presentation, poster, work report, and documentation of all project work for futurestudent reference [6].According to the US Department of Labor [7], the recent college graduate unemployment rate isnear 13.5%. This number is quite staggering given the amount of time, effort, and financialresources students put into a college education. An article in the Wall Street

Conference Session

Working in Teams: ERM Roundtable

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Mentzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Andrew Jackson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kevin Andrew Richards, Northern Illinois University; Angelika N Zissimopoulos, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Dawn Laux, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

;7, 10 provides exposure to different views, ideas,and perspectives;10 leads to opportunities for negotiation;11 and supports questioning among teammembers;7, 12 among other benefits. Through social interactions with other learners, studentshave an opportunity to learn through reflection on their own experience and benefit from hearingthe experiences of others.13 Learner-learner interactions present an opportunity to learn bothcontent and these “group behavior or group leadership skills” (p. 462)14. According to Verzat,Byrne, and Fayolle15 “in the case of teamwork, doing it rather than listening about how importantit is, is likely to have a more direct impact on student understanding” ( p. 359). Burdett9 surveyed344 senior business students

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Douglas G Schmucker, University of Utah; Steven J. Burian, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

reflect the organizedtime made available for group work. A fourth course, MG EN 1050 Technical Communicationsis not included here as it solely addresses the technical skill of using a computer drawing tool(CAD) and does not address the broader issues that are encompassed in the professional “spine.”In essence, these three courses create a “vertical” professional spine through the curriculum.Specifically, three courses were designated as the vehicle for delivering and assessing learningexperiences for most of the professional skill sets identified in the BOK. Table 1 identifies therelated BOK outcomes for each course and the desired level of achievement using Bloom’sTaxonomy of Educational Objectives4 as a basis for performance. The sequence was

Conference Session

Building Pathways that Promote Pursuit/Persistence in Engineering

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corey E. Baker, University of Florida, Gainesville; Justin Dunnavant, University of Florida, Gainesville; Janise McNair, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

, he concluded that “racially/culturally diversified campus environmentsdo more than appear or ‘sound’ good, they promote cognitive growth and complexthinking.” 13Diversity is equally as significant in the industrial sector as well. As tech companies continue toengage in relationships with more diverse clients and partners, cultural sensitivity and culturalcompetency become increasingly important. Additionally, it is important to ensure thatupper-level managerial positions reflect the diversity that companies hope to achieve. In one casestudy, an unnamed SV company sought to employ a URM woman in their CFO positionspecifically to foster relationships with clients and partners from diverse background and to serveas a role model for women in the

Conference Session

Innovations in Communications and Wireless Systems Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven S. Holland, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Robert A. Strangeway, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

progressing through static fields,dynamic fields, transmission lines, plane waves, links, and electromagnetic interferenceprinciples. The integral forms of the fundamental electromagnetic relations are emphasized inthese required courses. As a result, this antennas elective must incorporate pedagogically-selected background material such as differential operators and the differential forms ofMaxwell’s equations, skin depth, and reflection and transmission of plane waves at materialinterfaces. The course builds a solid foundation in antenna principles that serves studentscontinuing into advanced studies in graduate school as well as those entering industry aftergraduation. This foundation is accomplished by strategically selecting and modulating the

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monika Rummler, Technische Universität Berlin; Petra Nikol, Technische Universität Berlin

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Delphi survey of German-speaking experts on teaching in higher education, ademand-oriented, sustainable model of didactical competences for teaching in highereducation has been developed. For teaching, the following ranking of the 10 most importantcompetences has been compiled: knowledge of (didactic) methods, professional knowledge,supporting independence, self reflection, enthusiasm, competence orientation,communication skills, participant orientation, concept competence, use of methods andchange of perspectives. The model also describes competences for processing examinationsand academic self-administration.4Program and MethodsThe competence development of teaching staff at TU Berlin starts with a curriculum for thequalification of academic

Conference Session

Technical Session: Pedagogical Strategies and Classroom Techniques for Teaching Assistants

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jaclyn K. Murray, University of Georgia; Barbara Ann Crawford

Tagged Divisions

Student

knowledge of reform-based teaching Interview, and Lesson Plan practices? To what extent do biomedical engineering fellows implement biomedical engineering research into Lesson Plan, Pre- and Post-Interview the classroom? How do biomedical engineering fellow lesson plans reflect the Next Generation Science Lesson Plan and Post-Interview Standards?MethodologyAn instrumental collective case study was chosen to examine the research question, “In whatways do biomedical engineering fellows incorporate reform-based practices into secondaryscience classrooms?” The objective of this instrumental approach was to gain insight andunderstanding as to how and

Conference Session

Communication Across the Divisions III: Writing as Social–Technical Integration

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bryan A. Jones, Mississippi State University; M. Jean Mohammadi-Aragh, Mississippi State University; Amy K. Barton, Mississippi State University; Donna Reese, Mississippi State University; Hejia Pan, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

-analysis and reflection. Emig describes the simple act ofreading one’s own writing as a valuable learning moment in which “information from the pro-cess is immediately and visibly available as that portion of the product already written.” Review-ing a set of writings collected over time, then, creates an opportunity to extend the learning pro-cess. Both instructors and students benefit from the act of collecting artifacts because they repre-sent the changes and growth that accompany learning. When integrated in a purposeful way ap-propriate to a given discipline, WTL deepens student understanding, improves student engage-ment, increases retention, and makes students active participants in the learning process10,11.1.2 WTL and computational

Conference Session

Flipped Electrical and Computer Engineering Classrooms 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kumar Yelamarthi, Central Michigan University; Eron E. Drake, Central Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

well as the affordances andconstraints of various technological learning tools were evaluated. As a result, a variety of technology learning tools based on research associated with active andcollaborative learning (e.g., Logisim, Chipcast, circuit testing equipment, Arduinomicrocontroller) and the inverted/flipped classroom techniques (e.g., video preview of classes,pre-class quiz, team-based hands-on activities, brief reflections, discussions on cutting-edgeresearch and innovations) were introduced into the course. Further, overall structure and offeringof the course had to be flipped as to encompass several aspects in the domains of technology,pedagogy, and content knowledge as presented in Figure 1.3. Course Implementation The course was

Conference Session

New Engineering Educators Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madeleine Arvold, Seattle Pacific University; Steven David Mow, Seattle Pacific University; Zachary W. Cook, Seattle Pacific University; Natalie Goode, Seattle Pacific University; Caitlin H. Wasilewski, Seattle Pacific University; Rida Y. Al-Hawaj, Seattle Pacific University ; Melani Plett, Seattle Pacific University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

oninterpersonal skills showing the strongest connection to results8. Effective training is directlyrelated to performance, adaptation, and skills, and indirectly related to empowerment,communication, planning, and task coordination9. Ideally this brief video would be paired with aclass discussion or a reflection assignment to crystalize learning, similar to the reflectionassignment modeled by the students near the end of the video10, but the video can also standalone as an educational tool.Individuals are more motivated by work if they believe it to be important to them personally11,and receive the most benefit from training when they are highly motivated to learn12. As a result,the teaching of team skills and communication, which may seem out of place

Conference Session

Communication in the Chemical Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elif Miskioglu, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Learning Objectives this course, students will… Students will integrate concepts into their daily life and participate in communication understand the importance of effective building practices/activities. Students will 1 communication in all aspects of their work evaluate communication experiences and life. (through reflection) and predict possible outcomes of communication scenarios (positive and negative). view themselves as qualified to provide Students will evaluate

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eliud Quintero, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM); Patricia Salinas, Tecnologico de Monterrey (ITESM)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

described by text or bya graphic. Application of the instrument lead us to reflect that, once the appropriation is achievedthrough the motion context, it could be easier for students to apply it without connection with areal context. It also reveals the difficulties for interpreting graphical information based on thederivative function. These findings are part of the overall results of a doctoral dissertationconcerning with the use of digital technologies for the learning of Calculus.Keywords: Calculus learning, digital technologies, linear motion, real context, mediation.BackgroundDigital technologies are important tools in our daily activities, and it looks easy to use them inclassroom to support learning. According to Hillman1, a lot of research

Conference Session

Graduate Recruitment & Professional Development

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bolun Huang, Microsoft Corp.; Samantha Wang; Narasimha Reddy

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

our rankings.IntroductionAcademic programs are ranked using different objective and subjective metrics, providingdifferent perspectives on the quality, productivity and affordability of the programs. Programrankings are closely followed by aspiring students, universities and employed in hiring andfunding decisions. Among the many rankings of programs, U.S. News rankings have a widefollowing. U.S. News updates the ranking of graduate programs in multiple fields annually.According to the statement from U.S. News’ website 1 , they rank the graduate programs based onboth statistical data and expert assessment data. The statistical data includes both input and outputmeasures, reflecting the quality of resources into the programs and educational

Conference Session

Fundamental: Tools and Content for K-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Moorhead, NYU Polytechnic School of Engineering; Jennifer B Listman, NYU Polytechnic School of Engineering; Vikram Kapila, NYU Polytechnic School of Engineering

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, larger-scale, quantitative scientific studies. Brown4points out that criteria against which to measure success of interventions or guide iterations ineducational DBR should consist of development of traits which the school system is chargedwith teaching, e.g., problem solving, critical thinking, and reflective learning.In this paper, we test the hypothesis that the flexibility and hands-on nature of a roboticsplatform will support different audio, visual, verbal (read/write), and kinesthetic learningstyles,5,6 offering teachers more versatility within lesson plans while effectively teaching STEMconcepts to students. Despite a lack of agreement7 within the education research communityregarding categories or, in some cases, the existence of

Conference Session

Research on Diversification & Inclusion

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Brewer, University of Georgia; Nicola Sochacka, University of Georgia; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering, Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, New Engineering Educators, Student, Women in Engineering

. Joachim Walther, University of Georgia Dr. Walther is an assistant professor of engineering education research at the University of Georgia (UGA). He is a director of the Collaborative Lounge for Understanding Society and Technology through Educational Research (CLUSTER), an interdisciplinary research group with members from engineering, art, educational psychology and social work. His research interests range from the role of empathy in engineering students’ professional formation, the role of reflection in engineering learning, and interpretive research methodologies in the emerging field of engineering education research. His teaching focuses on innovative approaches to introducing systems thinking and

Conference Session

Thermodynamics, Fluids and Heat Transfer II

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John M. Pfotenhauer, University of Wisconsin, Madison; David J. Gagnon, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Michael Litzkow, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Christine Maidl Pribbenow, Wisconsin Center for Education Research

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

game’s primary mechanism, although a captivatingchallenge for its game mechanics, was not configured to address many of the key pedagogicalgoals associated with the introduction of thermodynamic properties, their inter-dependency, andthe unique features of the properties in the subcooled, two-phase, and superheated regions. Arelatively cool reaction to the game by the students was reflected in all three evaluation methodsand resulted in a significant re-direction of the game’s features.Along with a list of specific pedagogical goals, the game’s re-direction includes a set ofprofessional practice scenarios, and a completely new set of game mechanisms. Additional gamefeatures, including a novel in-game assessment tool that is based on a

Conference Session

The Philosophy of Engineering and Technological Literacy

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Heywood, Trinity College, Dublin

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

reflecting the specialized knowledgethat defines the context”. He argued that students should be trained to teach because they alsolearn when they have to explain to “others using such methods as cooperative learning andpeer instruction”. Support for Trevelyan’s thesis is to be found in a review of research onlearning-by-teaching and its implications for engineering education reported by Carberry andOhland [2]. Although it is known that some students are trained and paid to act as tutors forsmall groups in some programmes no information is given in either of these papers about thecontent of that training. It is argued here that substantial prior training may lead to moreeffective learning exchanges and subsequently better teaching in higher