Conference Session

ASEE TUESDAY PLENARY FEATURING BEST PAPERS & INDUSTRY DAY SPEAKER Sponsored by University of South Florida & University of Maryland

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven C. Zemke, Whitworth University

Tagged Topics

ASEE Board of Directors, Corporate Member Council

are easily within the capability of a CAD system;however, the instructor did not have sufficient preparation time to create an efficient process toplace braille dimensions on drawings, and so these were not used.Class sessions and learning to sketchThe course goal was for the student to learn to communicate using standard conventions ofengineering graphics for 3D mechanical parts. This ability would enable the student tocommunicate ideas in subsequent design classes with peers on teams as well as contribute insome work settings. Learning to follow engineering graphic conventions was the base leveloutcome. Many of these conventions can be enacted algorithmically, much as a CAD systemcan automatically generate orthographic projections given

Conference Session

College Industry Partnerships Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory Scott Duncan, Valparaiso University; Jeffrey Will, Valparaiso University; Ruth E. H. Wertz, Valparaiso University; Tom Cath, Valparaiso University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships

developed VR hardware and software to be used in undergraduate STEM curricula. Under his direction, his students have devel- oped over fourteen different software packages to be used in such educational fields as electromagnetics, vector calculus, statics, and materials science: all topics where students can benefit from a rich visual ex- perience. Will currently advises twelve undergraduates in scientific visualization projects. Additionally, Will is an avid collaborator with colleagues outside the engineering discipline and has demonstrated visu- alization and virtual reality applications in psychology, foreign languages, photography, drawing, music, and library science. He is co-author of the textbook ”Developing

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Division Technical Session 8

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anahita Ayasoufi, Auburn University; Rick Williams, Auburn University; Golbou Makki

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

favorable feedback.IntroductionFrom the experience of multiple instructors shared in course coordination meetings forMechanics of Materials and Machine Design, it was observed that students particularly struggledwith different stages of working with combined loading. This struggling included fundamentalprerequisite issues on drawing the correct free-body diagrams in three dimensions, connectingthe loads with their respective normal and shear stresses, and resolving the correct directions andstress distributions for combining the calculated stresses.The issue is particularly important because the topic is a fundamental building block for MachineDesign and any solid design project that engineers tackle. Furthermore, the issue was particularlydeemed

Conference Session

Active and Out There: Labs and Active Learning

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristin M. Sample-Lord P.E., Villanova University; Virginia Smith, Villanova University; Patricia Gallagher P.E., Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Andrea L. Welker, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

on incorporating life cycle assessment methods into geoenviron- mental and geotechnical engineering to provide decision-making tools for the environmental sustainabil- ity of infrastructure and remediation projects. She researches and implements evidence-based teaching strategies in engineering education and has extensive experience with recruitment and retention of under- represented students. Dr. Gallagher also participated in the development of the NSF ADVANCE funded Executive Leadership in Academic Technology and Engineering (ELATE) program at Drexel University. ELATE is a national leadership development program to advance senior women faculty into leadership.Dr. Andrea L. Welker, Villanova University Andrea L

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 8: Survey and Instrument Development

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adurangba Victor Oje, University of Georgia; Nathaniel Hunsu, University of Georgia; Peter H. Carnell, University of Georgia; Nicola W. Sochacka, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

a research project focusing on academic resilience as a psychological tool for improving student engagement. The ongoing research investigates the concur- rent validity of an instrument (ARS-30) with an existing instrument (CD-RISC), an academic resilience instrument posed to measure resilience in an educational context. Besides his interests in game-based ac- tivities around the scholarship of teaching and learning, he is also interested in evidence-based practices through systematic reviews, meta-analysis and empirical research on engineering education issues. In addition, he is interested in measuring inventories development by examining the psychometric properties of instruments in engineering education.Dr

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Work in Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Anne Blackowski, Virginia Tech; Holly M. Matusovich, Virginia Tech; Tamara Knott, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

. Matusovich is an Associate Professor in Virginia Tech’s Department of Engineering Education. She has her doctorate in Engineering Education and her strengths include qualitative and mixed methods research study design and implementation. She is/was PI/Co-PI on 10 funded research projects including a CAREER grant. She has won several Virginia Tech awards including a Dean’s Award for Outstanding New Faculty. Her research expertise includes using motivation and related frameworks to study student engagement in learning, recruitment and retention in engineering programs and careers, faculty teaching practices and intersections of motivation and learning strategies.Prof. Tamara Knott, Virginia Tech Tamara Knott is Associate

Conference Session

Improved Pathways to Graduate Studies

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

La'Tonia Stiner-Jones, Ohio State University; Wolfgang Windl, Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

, "The Fisk-Vanderbilt Master’s-to-Ph.D. Bridge Program: Recognizing, enlisting, and cultivating unrealized or unrecognized potential in underrepresented minority students," American Journal of Physics, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 374-379, 2011/04/01 2011.[4] R. Sowell, T. Zhang, B. N, and R. K, "PhD. Completion and Attrition: Analysis of Baseline Demographic Data from the Ph.D. Completion Project," Council of Graduate Schools2008.[5] (1/31/2019). National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates. Available: https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctorates/#tabs-1&sd[6] (1/31/2019). US News and World Reports 2019 Best Graduate School Rankings in

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 24: Studies on Socioeconomic Status

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Justin Charles Major, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Allison Godwin, Purdue University-Main Campus, West Lafayette (College of Engineering)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

, male workforce that ignores systems of oppression.Our Proposed Use and Future WorkWithin the neighborhood context, we will attempt to use structural equation modeling to modelthe factors we have described prior into early measurement frameworks through: (1) the deliberatecreation of intersectional comparison groups, and (2) the weighting of variables based on genderedand racialized differences presented in various peer-reviewed literature and government reports.To create intersectional groups, we will follow the procedures outlined by Bahnson et al. [33] tocreate separate race-gender groups that go beyond controlling for race and gender (i.e. “Black-Women”, “Hispanic-Men, “White-Women”, etc). Within outside grant projects, we will thenassign

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session - Ethics in the First Year

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard T Cimino, Rowan University; Scott Duplicate Streiner, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

/64/papers/14871/view​.[Accessed: March 29, 2018].[7] J. R. Rest, D. Navaez, S. J. Thoma, M. J. Bebeau, “DIT-2: Devising and testing a revisedinstrument of moral judgement,” ​J. Ed. Psych​., vol. 91, pp. 644-659, Dec. 1999.[8] Q. Zhu, C. B. Zoltowski, M. Kenny Feister, P. M. Buzzanell, W. C. Oakes, A. D Mead, “Thedevelopment of an instrument for assessing individual ethical decision-making in project-baseddesign teams: Integrating quantitative and qualitative methods,” in ​121st ASEE AnnualConference & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, USA, June 15-18, 2014, ​[Online]. Available:https://peer.asee.org/23130​. [Accessed: Mar. 29, 2018].[9] L. Kohlberg, R. H. Hersh, “Stages of moral development,” ​Theory Pract.,​ vol. 16, pp.53-59,Apr. 1977.[10

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 6: Technology-enhanced Instruction and Assessment

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asuman Cagla Acun Sener, University of Louisville; Olfa Nasraoui , University of Louisville; Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

member, track chair, or senior program committee of several Data mining, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence conferences, including ACM KDD, WWW, RecSys, IEEE Big Data, ICDM, SDM, AAAI, etc. In summer 2015, she served as Technical Mentor/Project Lead at the Data Science for Social Good Fellowship, in the Center for Data Science and Public Policy at the University of Chicago. She is a member of ACM, ACM SigKDD, senior member of IEEE and IEEE-WIE. She is also on the leadership team of the Kentucky Girls STEM collaborative network.Dr. Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville Jeffrey L. Hieb is an Associate Professor in the Department of Engineering Fundamentals at the Univer- sity of Louisville. He

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 17: Student Cognitive Development

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olusola Olalekan Adesope, Washington State University; Negar Beheshti Pour, Washington State University; Bernard J. Van Wie, Washington State University; David B. Thiessen, Washington State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

levels of engagement.Objectives of the StudyThe purpose of this work-in-progress is to report a project that used the Chi and Wylie’s [7]Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive (ICAP) framework to survey the degree to whichLow-Cost Desktop Learning Modules (LC-DLMs) helped foster different forms of cognitiveengagement as students learned about a venturi meter in a fluid mechanics and heat transfercourse.MethodParticipantsThe participants for this study were 67 undergraduate students of chemical engineering at a largepublic university in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Students were enrolled in juniorlevel Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer course, the only fluid mechanics course that chemicalengineering students in the

Conference Session

First-Year Programs: Work in Progress Postcard Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Soundouss Sassi, Mississippi State University; Abigail Clark, Ohio State University; Jane Petrie, Ohio State University ; Rachel Louis Kajfez, Ohio State University; Mahnas Jean Mohammadi-Aragh, Mississippi State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

. In the second study, Reid et al., [4] focus on the course content in first yearengineering programs and found that objectives of engineering courses can be grouped into majorcategories (e.g., engineering skills, professional skills, orientation to the program from theviewpoint of the university, orientation to the engineering profession). These studies are criticalefforts that begin to tease out the differences in first-year engineering programs and courses, butthey do not provide insight into the direct experiential impact on students.This Work in Progress paper will give an overview of our interview procedures, recruitmentmethods, and selected participant. The larger project examines first-year engineering differences inthe context of the

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Courses

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julian Ly Davis, University of Southern Indiana; Tom McDonald, University of Southern Indiana; Bradley Lane Kicklighter, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

University (2001). His past work experience includes eleven years at Delphi (formerly Delco Electronics) as an Advanced Project Engineer, eleven years at Whirlpool Corporation as a Lead Engineer/Solution Architect, and three years at Ivy Tech Community College as an Instructor/Program Chair of Pre-Engineering. Since 2015, he has been employed at the University of Southern Indiana as an Assistant Professor of Advanced Manu- facturing. He holds three patents, has served as an IEEE section officer since 2004, and has been a Licensed Profes- sional Engineer in the State of Indiana since 2005. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2019 It’s not a matter of time! (A

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 19: Thinking about the Engineering Curriculum

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Darby Rose Riley, Rowan University; Joshua Bourne Reed, Rowan University; Richard T. Cimino, Rowan University; Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Cheryl A. Bodnar, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

expected [10] for most situations. Rationalistic responseswere even found to questions that were supposed to elicit emotive responses. For example, afterbeing asked “In arriving at your decision, did you take into consideration the feelings orperspectives of anyone else? If so, how did this affect your decision making?”, Subject 155responded: “I took into consideration the kids who I guess ... who, who are LGBTQ+ or who have people in their lives who are close to them who are...then I looked at the perspective or I guess the, the benefits and downfalls of the class as a whole…”The emotive response was observed less often (39 out of 132 coded phrases or 30%), usually inone of two ways; first, subjects would project their own

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 15: Perspectives on Engineering Careers and Workplaces

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacqueline Rohde, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Allison Godwin, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

perceptionsof doing engineering work, regardless of occupational title. We also believe that a sequentialregression model will show that engineering belief measures predict a significant proportion ofvariance in perceptions of having jobs “related to” engineering, over and above SCCT variables.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the Purdue University Davidson School of Engineering, whosePipeline Center funded this project. This work was also supported by the NSF (DGE-1333468).Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are thoseof the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] E. Cech, “The Self-Expressive Edge of Occupational Sex Segregation

Conference Session

T1B: Developing foundations in Science

Collection

2019 FYEE Conference

Authors

Stephany Coffman-Wolph, University of Texas, Austin; Kimberlyn Gray, West Virginia University Inst. of Tech.; Marcia Pool, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

FYEE Conference - Paper Submission

steps over and over, to introduce theconcept of loops. These activities work very well when paired with scratch or Lego Mindstorms,but can be done independently as well.Additional kits are being developed to cover basic engineering concepts that explain some of thedifferences and similarities between engineering disciplines. These activities also focus on thedesign process in engineering as well as provide background on many engineering ideas such ascreep, electrical resistance, and separation of materials.Assessing the KitsTwo levels of assessment will be completed for this project. First, teachers will complete end ofworkshop assessment assignments to determine (1) their understanding of the key concept, (2)their understanding of the kit, (3

Collection

2019 CIEC

Authors

Auta Hernandez; Guadalupe Mendez; John Lindsey; Joshua Rivers; Bailey Walker; Jason Church; Mary Striegel; Jafar Al-Sharab

Session CIEC 421Experimental designThe exterior wood for this project was provided by Mr. Jason Church from the National Centerfor Preservation Technology and Training (NCPTT). This wood is 78 years old and it was madeof cedar and had an application of at least two to three layers of previous stain and paint on itssurface. Samples were cut using a table saw in rectangles approximating 7.5x14.1 centimeter.Four samples were needed for each brand’s five application methods: a, b, c, and d. Sample ‘a’was used at the control for each set, not placed into the QUV. Scraping and sanding wasperformed to remove the previous paint layers. After this process, sample labels were solderedinto the back of each sample in order to be able to differentiate them

Collection

2019 CIEC

Authors

Mohammad Uddin; Keith Johnson

believed that the success of a university is based on the successof its graduates. Given the projective shortage and demand for future engineers in the UnitedStates, it is vital that the retention rate and interest in pursuing Engineering disciplines isincreased. With that said, academic advising can make a huge difference in the lives and Proceedings of the 2019 Conference for Industry and Education Collaboration Copyright ©2019 American Society for Engineering Education Session ETD 355persistence to graduation for engineering students. Academic advisors can intervene withstudents who are considering dropping out and

Collection

2019 CIEC

Authors

Te-Shun Chou

, Effective Strategies. Editorial Projects in Education Inc. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/media/eperc_qualityteaching_12.11.pdf14. Froyd, J. and Simpson, N. 2008. Student-centered learning addressing faculty questions about student centered learning. Course, Curriculum, Labor, and Improvement Conference, Washington DC,BiographyTE-SHUN CHOU is an Associate Professor in the Department of Technology Systems at East Carolina University.He received his Bachelor degree in Electronics Engineering at Feng Chia University and both Master’s degree andDoctoral degree in Electrical Engineering at Florida International University. He serves as the program coordinatorof the Master program in Network Technology for the Department of Technology

Collection

2019 CIEC

Authors

William Shapiro

manufacturing, Accenture .Biographical InformationWilliam Shapiro has worked in manufacturing for over 30 years. He has held several positions including DesignEngineer, Field Service, Maintenance Technician / Supervisor, Engineering Manager, Manufacturing TechnicalDevelopment Engineer, and Project Manager, some of which while pursuing a degree at night. He has worked forsmall privately held companies and large corporations whose facilities performed operations ranging frommachining and heat treating, the design and build of custom automation machinery, and a 7 days per week, 3 shiftsper day automotive foundry. He has overseen the installation of several million dollars’ worth of equipment. Hewas involved in the one of the most automated sand core

Collection

2018 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Pranav A. Bhounsule; Ahmad Taha; Sebastian Nugruho

). Robotics camps, clubs, and competitions: Results5.   Check infrastructure/tools well in advance: It goes from a US robotics project. Robotics and Autonomous without saying that all computers and kits need to be Systems, 75, 686-691. checked in advance. Also, be ready with a few spares [9] Whitman, L. E., & Witherspoon, T. L. (2003). Using for emergencies (e.g., broken sensor, brick). LEGOs to interest high school students and improve K12 stem education. change, 87, 76.   Proceedings of the 2018 ASEE Gulf

Collection

2018 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Noe Vargas Hernandez; Arturo Fuentes; Stephen Crown

] U.S. Census Bureau (2017), (2012), An Experimental Investigation of the https://www.census.gov/ Innovation Capabilities of Undergraduate [2] Wikipedia (2017), https://www.wikipedia.org/ Engineering Students. Journal of Engineering [3] Duderstadt, J.J. (2008), Engineering for a Education, 101: 60–81. doi:10.1002/j.2168- Changing World: A Roadmap to the Future of 9830.2012.tb00041.x Engineering Practice, Research, and Education, [13] Sullivan, J. F., Carlson, L. E. and Carlson, D. W. The Millennium Project, The University of (2001), Developing

Collection

2018 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Hector A. Ochoa; Mukul V. Shirvaikar

Miled, Z., “Attached Learning Model for First Digitaltopic of current interest to a number of new and experienced System Design Course in ECE Program,” ASEE Annualfaculty in electrical and computer engineering. This paper Conference & Exposition, New Orleans, Louisiana (Juneprovides valuable information for faculty members and 2016).committees investigating such a course of action. A survey of [11] Yilmazer, N., Yilmaz, M., and Seker, R., “A Project-commonly used pedagogy, curriculum placement and pre- Based Hands-On Digital Logic Course,” ASEE Annualrequisites is presented. The document also analyzes the Conference & Exposition, Vancouver, BC (June

Collection

2018 Gulf Southwest Section Conference

Authors

Michael R. Gardner; Nina K. Telang

. Using Second Language Acquisition Techniques Tables 1-4 contains the complete results of the statistical to Teach Programming - Results from a Two-Yearanalysis. Project,” in ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2017. [2] J. Harmer, “The practice of English language6. Discussion teaching,” London/New York, 1991.The work in using SLA approaches published by Frederick et [3] N. F. Davies, “Receptive Versus Productive Skillsal. reports

Conference Session

Track: Learning Spaces, Pedagogy, and Curriculum - Technical Session 11

Collection

2019 CoNECD - The Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity

Authors

Maxine Fontaine, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Alexander John De Rosa, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Susan Staffin Metz, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Learning Spaces, Pedagogy & Curriculum Design

implementation approaches in a first-year engineering projects course,” in 2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2015.12. R. B. Guay, Purdue Spatial Visualization Test: Rotations. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue Research Foundation, 1976.

Conference Session

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Huiming Fan, East China University of Science and Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

Abilitycultural differences and being able to 4.11 (0.905) 0.513conduct cross-cultural cooperationBeing able to organize and lead a team to 4.39 (0.849) 0.719expand the work Leadership andManaging one or more projects 4.38 (0.835) 0.749 Decision-Makingeffectively AbilityBeing able to make effective decisions in 4.41 (0.819) 0.661engineering and managementBeing equipped with good verbal ability 4.40 (0.825

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan S. Hoback, University of Detroit Mercy; Alexa Rihana Abdallah, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

officer 14%Dept Committee 9%Dean/Administrator 7%College Committee 4%University Administrator 2%External Entity 2%University Committee 0%Faculty members were selected by 93% of respondents. However, this response option is vague.For example, it could mean that they were solely responsible for approving a project proposed bystudents, or the faculty approval could be one step of a larger process. Faculty members werethe only approver indicated by 25 of 56 (45%) institutions. This implies no formal approvalprocess, yet it doesn’t rule out that they could be filing decisions with the department. This rateis 42% for doctoral

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 18: Student Learning and Problem Solving

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmen Angelica Carrion, Georgia Institute of Technology; Joseph M. LeDoux, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Paper ID #25506Student Perceptions of Interpersonal Skills Intertwined in an EngineeringClassroomMiss Carmen Angelica Carrion, Georgia Institute of Technology Doctoral studies in Science Education. Specifically in informal settings and through the application of problem based and project based learning.Prof. Joseph M. LeDoux, Georgia Institute of Technology Joe Le Doux is the Associate Chair for Undergraduate Learning and Experience in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University. Dr. Le Doux’s research interests in engineering education focus on problem-solving, diagrammatic reasoning, and on

Conference Session

Mechanics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julian Ly Davis, University of Southern Indiana; Tom McDonald, University of Southern Indiana; Jenna Kloosterman, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

in large-scale engineering classes have turned to using only onlinehomework-based systems such as Pearson’s Mastering, Wiley Plus, and/or McGraw Hill’sConnect to assess student learning. These systems provide content, grading and assessment ofstudent work, and feedback to students while solving problems. Previous research has shownthat students’ value both online and handwritten homework. Even students who disliked onlinehomework found it to be at least somewhat helpful. The current project investigates ifperformance on higher stake (e.g., more heavily weighted in overall grade) activities is betterthan on lower stake activities in a Dynamics class and a General Physics I class. In our researchonline homework, handwritten homework, and exams

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Louis Miller, United States Military Academy; Jeffrey Michael Rigney, United States Military Academy; Daniel Arnold, Unites States Military Academy at West Point; David M. Flaherty, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

mechanism for ensuring course consistency was the course andsubordinate lesson objectives, as approved by the department program director. In all cases, theseobjectives were not altered, either to increase or reduce content.Using lesson objectives as the guiding parameter, lesson restructuring followed a generallyconsistent pattern. First, any lessons under the 40 class format that were “drop periods” (used toprovide students with compensatory time) were eliminated from the schedule. Additionally,lessons used as working group sessions for larger projects and laboratories were rolled intoadjacent lessons that presented new material. It should be noted that this action reduced workinggroup session time from 55 minutes to a shortened period as allowed