Conference Session

International Engineering Education: Developments, Innovations, Implementations, and Pedagogical Challenges in Engineering Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alireza Rahrooh, Daytona State College; Walter W. Buchanan, Texas A&M University; Faramarz Mossayebi, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

International

is to provide a simple methodto build and utilize such an instrument in educational laboratories. Commercially availablespectrum analyzers are very expensive and not feasible for underdeveloped courtiers with limitedresources to obtain such expensive instruments.I. IntroductionThe Spectrum analyzers are real-time analyzers, which mean that they simultaneously displaythe amplitude of all signals in the frequency range of the analyzer. They provide informationabout the voltage or energy of a signal as a function of frequency1. Spectrum analyzers play major roles in design of many applications in electrical signal analysis,mechanical measurements, and communications. These instruments are especially used in lowfrequency applications such as

Collection

2012 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

BOUFARES Tahar; RAHMOUNI Mostapha; Mir-KASMI Souad; DJILLALI Karim

DERIVATIVES RHODANINE DYE- SYNTHESIS OF NEW DERIVATIVES OF RHODANINE DYES FOR DYE-SENSITIZED (DSSCs SOLAR CELLS (DSSCs) BOUFARES Tahar 1, RAHMOUNI Mostapha 1, Mir-KASMI Souad 1,2, DJILLALI Karim 1 1 - Synthesis and Catalysis Laboratory (LSCT) - Ibn Khaldun University of Tiaret, Algeria. (boufaresweb@yahoo.fr) 2 - Department of Chemistry, Saad Dahleb University of Blida, Algeria Abstract Solar energy is renewable energy par excellence. Environmentally friendly, it has many

Conference Session

Embedded Control and Instrumentation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Y. Hung, Auburn University; Victor P. Nelson, Auburn University; Clint S. Cole, Digilent, Inc.; Alex Wong, Digilent, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

his role as one of the developers of the bachelor’s of wireless engineering program at Auburn University, which is the first of its kind in the U.S.Mr. Clint S. Cole, Digilent, Inc.Mr. Alex Wong Page 25.788.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Instrumentation for an Embedded Control Systems Design Course Incorporating the Digilent Electronics Explorer Board ABSTRACTAuburn University’s Electrical and Computer Engineering curricula include a junior-year,laboratory-intensive course on embedded control systems design.[1

Conference Session

How Are We Preparing Our Students for the 21st Century Workforce?

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard P. Coe, Thomas Edison State College

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

academic credit for all104 operating US nuclear electric energy generating facilities. This credit whenapplied to technical degree study can bring a candidate very close to achievingwhat has become not only a job requirement but the basis for future advancement.In 2011 Thomas Edison State College (TESC) did and in-depth review of 10nuclear utility occupational positions training and qualification programsaccredited by the National Academy for Nuclear Training. The positions rangedfrom operational to operational support positions. A TESC review team reviewedthe training curriculums, instructional strategies, laboratory and simulator training,testing and instructor qualifications. The utility laboratory training process, andespecially the on-the-job

Collection

2012 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Zhiyong Gu; Bridgette Budhlall; Hongwei Sun; Carol Barry; Alfred Donatelli; Jill Lohmeier

-onlaboratory exercises, demonstration experiments, and a final design project. In this presentation, we will discuss thelecture topics and eight hands-on laboratory experiments or activities that have been developed into modules tocomplement respective lectures, including fluid mechanics, heat transfer, mixing, reaction engineering,electophoresis, and manufacturing methods for micro and nanoscale devices. Figure 2 shows a lab module focusedon the thermal conductivity measurement of nanofluids. We will also show the final project designs for thenanodevices or nanosystems that have been finished by student teams at the end of the course. Finally, we willshow results of the pre-post student surveys as well as faculty interviews.This new interdisciplinary

Conference Session

Progress in Manufacturing Education III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Peter Vogt, University of Utah; Stacy Bamberg, University of Utah; Debra J. Mascaro, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

already been devoted toward learning fromremote locations [6–24] and multiple, or hybrid, instruction techniques [25–28, 28–42]. Newremote learning techniques include development of advanced teleconferencing techniques [6, 8,11], handheld learning devices [9], and remote hands-on laboratories [10,13,14,16,17], to name afew. Hybrid learning has distinct advantages for students with increased flexibility of their studies[30, 37] while getting the same results as with face-to-face learning [31].2 Educational VideosFor the freshman year, we will be using multiple sources of educational videos: those produced in-house to elaborate on practices specific to the University of Utah (U of U), and those published by

Conference Session

Online Learning

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Grant Huang, University of Texas, San Antonio; Andreas Gampe, University of Texas, San Antonio; Arsen Melkonyan, University of Texas, San Antonio; Murillo Pontual, University of Texas, San Antonio; David Akopian, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

Antonio (UTSA). He joined UTSA in 2003 where he founded Software Communication and Navigation Systems Laboratory. He re- ceived the M.Sc. degree in radio-electronics from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1987 and Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Tampere University of Technology (TUT), Fin- land, EU, in 1997. From 1999 to 2003, he was a Senior Engineer and Specialist with Nokia Corporation. Prior to joining Nokia in 1999, he was a member of teaching and research staff of TUT. His current re- search interests include digital signal processing algorithms for communication and navigation receivers, positioning methods and mobile applications, and remote labs

Conference Session

Main Plenary 3 - Opportunities for collaboration with engineering educators in India (ISTE)

Collection

2012 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Mohan Khedkar, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati (M.S.)

Tagged Topics

ASEE International Forum

quality knowledge and skills to the students, thereby lowering their overall development and employability. At times, the faculty also lack in communication and pedagogical skills and industry academia collaboration is also at nascent stage. Faculty development basically means: Improved teaching and learning necessary for deep understanding of technical information and skills Implementation of latest teaching strategies Creating practical learning environment provided by laboratories and workshops Effective assessment methods to determine quality and improve the learning process Understanding properly the changing role of teacher in various areas including research ‘Train the Trainer’ model has to be

Conference Session

Main Plenary 3 - Opportunities for collaboration with engineering educators in India (ISTE)

Collection

2012 ASEE International Forum

Authors

D. N. Reddy, Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE)

Tagged Topics

ASEE International Forum

EngineeringEducation. Though the Focus is to provide access, to many but equally important is to ensurequality of education. Engineering graduates today require not only adequate technologicalability and problem solving skills, but also must be equipped with soft skills, business skills,inter personnel and intercultural adaptability.Now, the emphasis should be on self learning and the role of teacher is redefined as facilitatorto enable the students to be more involved in active learning through laboratory. Project work ,assignments and case studies Lifelong learning and continuous learning is key aspect of teacherand student.International collaborations are essential for better student development. Inview of theglobalisation and in this endeavour the role of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hakan Gurocak, Washington State University, Vancouver; Ashley Ater Kranov, ABET; Rochelle Letrice Williams, ABET

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

AC 2012-3595: INDUSTRIAL MOTION CONTROL AS A CONTEXT FORMECHATRONICS EDUCATIONDr. Hakan Gurocak, Washington State University, Vancouver Hakan Gurocak is Director of the School of Engineering and Computer Science at Washington State University, Vancouver. His research interests include haptic interfaces for virtual reality, robotics, au- tomation, fuzzy logic, and technology-assisted distance delivery of laboratory courses. Gurocak is an ABET Program Evaluator for mechanical engineering.Dr. Ashley Ater Kranov, ABET Ashley Ater Kranov is ABET’s Managing Director of Professional Services. Her department is responsi- ble for ensuring the quality training of program evaluators, partnering with faculty and industry to

Collection

2012 Northeast Section Meeting

Authors

Carlos Luck

engineering students. The students learn thatdifferent team members have different skill sets and that their backgrounds are complementary for the goals of theproject – a practice that is commonplace in industry and is emphasized by ABET. Finally, the array of upper-division technical electives includes several courses that were designed to be attractive to both EE’s and ME’s, suchas controls, robotics, and MEMS. The options of pursuing minors and double-majors between EE and ME with arelatively low additional effort reinforce the interdisciplinary approach. An important asset to both our programs isthe delivery of laboratory-integrated courses – as opposed to theory classes, followed by separate lab classes, oftenin a different semester, which

Conference Session

Manufacturing Education for Emerging Technologies and Competitiveness

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

AC 2012-3022: TEACHING BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN PRO-CESS AND DEVELOPMENT TOOLS TO MANUFACTURING STUDENTSDr. Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University Arif Sirinterlikci is a professor of engineering at Robert Morris University School of Engineering, Math- ematics, and Science. He also serves as a Director of Engineering Laboratories as well as Co-head of the Research and Outreach Center. He has been an active member of ASEE and SME, serving as an officer of both societies and engaged in engineering education and K-12 outreach. Page 25.1239.1 c American Society for Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Sarah Hatfield; Daniel Schultz; Kristen M. Donnell; Mohammad Tayeb Ghasr

Design of an Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for use in a Bi-Static Linear Array Sarah Hatfield, Daniel Schultz, Kristen M. Donnell, Mohammad Tayeb Ghasr Applied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Missouri University of Science and Technology   Abstract This paper presents the design of an antipodal Vivaldi antenna as a building block for a bi-static one-dimensional (linear) antenna array. The array will provide suitable range, cross-range, and depth resolution for a variety of applications in nondestructive evaluation. The design, simulation, and prototyping of the antenna are the main focus

Conference Session

Simulations and Visualizations

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Mark Randall, University of Southern Maine ; Mehrdaad Ghorashi P.E., University of Southern Maine

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

difference one strategy is to use activities like computersimulations and hands-on experiments where students can actually see the differences betweenthe two types of loadings.A search in the engineering education literature on the mentioned subject did not provide anyresult. Few papers that discuss related courses like materials science look at other issues likemaking homework more interesting1. In the field of chemical engineering there are many papersthat discuss various aspects of laboratory experiments. The majority of these papers discussissues like challenge-based learning, web-based teaching and multimedia laboratory manual2-4.In other references, the three methods of laboratory experience, i.e. simulation, hands-on andremote are discussed

Conference Session

Best. Class. Ever.

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victor M. Ugaz, Texas A&M University; Aashish Priye, Texas A&M University ; Yassin A. Hassan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

double-stranded target DNA, annealing ofprimers to complementary locations on the denatured single-stranded fragments, and enzyme Page 25.473.2catalyzed extension to synthesize the complementary strands.The predominant thermocycler design employed in most laboratories essentially consists of ametal heating block whose temperature is regulated by computer-controlled thermoelectricheaters. Unfortunately, this design is very inefficient because its inherently high heat capacityseverely limits the attainable heating and cooling rates and consumes considerable electricalpower. These problems are compounded by the low thermal conductivity plastic

Collection

2012 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Laura-Ann S. Chin; Kenneth A. Kroos; Justinus A. Satrio

  scope   through   scale-­‐up   of   laboratory   work   to   a   biodiesel   processing  plant  while  incorporating  whole  systems  thinking  of  sustainability.     2. Introduction:   Well-­‐designed   first   year   experience   courses   are   mainstays   in   the   curriculum   for   freshman   engineering   students,  as  well  as  for  freshmen  in  other  fields.  First  year  courses  are  building  blocks  in  helping   freshmen   navigate   through

Collection

2012 ASEE Zone 1 Conference

Authors

Laura-Ann S. Chin; Kenneth A. Kroos; Justinus A. Satrio

  scope   through   scale-­‐up   of   laboratory   work   to   a   biodiesel   processing  plant  while  incorporating  whole  systems  thinking  of  sustainability.     2. Introduction:   Well-­‐designed   first   year   experience   courses   are   mainstays   in   the   curriculum   for   freshman   engineering   students,  as  well  as  for  freshmen  in  other  fields.  First  year  courses  are  building  blocks  in  helping   freshmen   navigate   through

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University; Jennifer Vernengo, Rowan University; Stephen E. Montgomery; Yang Zhang, Rowan University; Peter John Schwalbenberg, Rowan University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

AC 2012-3299: AN EXPERIMENT TO INTRODUCE PH-RESPONSIVEHYDROGELS FOR CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERYDr. Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University Stephanie Farrell is an Associate Professor in chemical engineering at Rowan University. Prior to joining Rowan in 1998, she was an Assistant Professor in chemical engineering and Adjunct Professor in biomed- ical engineering at Louisiana Tech University. She received her bachelor’s, M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Pennsylvania, Stevens Institute of Technology, and New Jer- sey Institute of Technology, respectively. Farrell’s educational interests are in laboratory development and experiential learning, particularly in the areas of biomedical and

Conference Session

Integrating Sustainability Across the Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stefan J. Grimberg, Clarkson University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

panels was distributed to the local extension services for further dissemination with the opportunity to secure further input in the design. (3) the operation and implementation of a prototype system at a local extension farm and (4) the communication of the process to government and industry stake holders through annual participation of the team at the P3 competition meeting.In order to determine optimum process operating conditions, three laboratory scale reactors wereoperated throughout the first year of Phase 2 project. Three hydraulic residence times (HRT)were tested, 10 days, 15 days, and 20 days all using 5 liters of liquid volume mixed reactorsoperated at 37 ºC. As expected the 20 day HRT digester had the highest volatile solids

Conference Session

Capstone Design and Innovations in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhittin Yilmaz, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Selahattin Ozcelik, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Nuri Yilmazer, Texas A&M University, Kingsville; Reza Nekovei, Texas A&M University, Kingsville

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

education research and engineering outreach camps. Yilmaz is a member of the Eta Kappa Nu Electrical Engineering Honor Society, as well as IEEE and ASEE.Dr. Selahattin Ozcelik, Texas A&M University, KingsvilleProf. Nuri Yilmazer, Texas A&M University, Kingsville Nuri Yilmazer received a B.S. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey in 1996, and M.S. and PhD degrees in electrical and computer engineering from the Uni- versity of Florida and Syracuse University in 2000 and 2006, respectively. He worked as a Post Doctoral Research Associate in Computational Electromagnetics Laboratory at Syracuse University from 2006 to 2007. He is currently working as an Assistant

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan F. Campanile, Illinois Institute of Technology; Eric M. Brey, Illinois Institute of Technology; Allison Antink Meyer, Illinois Institute of Technology; Norman G. Lederman, Illinois Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Understanding of Research Practices and Career TrajectoriesAbstract The National Science Foundation and many other institutions support undergraduateresearch with an expected outcome of broadening participation in careers in science andengineering. Since 2008, the Illinois Institute of Technology has offered approximately 40students from across the U.S the opportunity to participate in a summer Biomedical EngineeringResearch Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program. The goal of this program is toimmerse undergraduates in biomedical engineering laboratories to conduct cutting-edge diabetesresearch in an effort to influence their long-term interests in science and engineering. Theprogram is also intended to inform the undergraduate students

Collection

2012 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Darrin S. Muggli; Brian M. Tande

justproduced its first graduates in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. The key element to therapid growth of the BC Engineering Department is its ability to offer students the opportunity topursue ABET-accredited degrees immediately through its partnership with UND DEDP. Thispaper presents the detailed model, some of the initial lessons learned, and some of the recentlydiscovered benefits for laboratory and curriculum development during its implementation atBenedictine College.BackgroundThe Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology1 lists 391 colleges with accreditedengineering programs in 2011, which corresponds to only 14% of the total of 2774 U.S.institutions granting four-year degrees (according to the National Center for Education

Conference Session

Energy, the Environment, and Nano Technology

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dhananjay Kumar, North Carolina A&T State University; Devdas M. Pai, North Carolina A&T State University; Kwadwo Mensah-Darkwa; Robin Guill Liles, North Carolina A&T State University; Mainul Kader Faruque, North Carolina A&T State University; Courtney Lambeth, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

laboratories. These efforts have been primarily supported by two successive NSF NanoUndergraduate Education (NUE) projects. Our first activity for enhancing nanoscience andnanoengineering education was to introduce simple concepts of nanoscience and technology intoexisting required undergraduate engineering courses. These modules covered the core conceptsof nanomaterials and unique phenomena at the nanoscale. Introducing the concepts ofnanoscience and engineering at this early stage of undergraduate education was found topositively impact student interest in registering for a technical elective nanotechnology coursethat we developed as our second initiative. An interdisciplinary 3-credit nanotechnology course(Nanotechnology I) with a significant hands

Conference Session

Embedded Control and Instrumentation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dale H. Litwhiler, Pennsylvania State University, Berks

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

experiencepresented here, employs under-utilized educational-grade process control equipment to crossoveras training tools for a microcontroller course. The emphasis here is on the ability to sense andcontrol the process with the microcontroller rather than the control theory itself.The laboratory space used for the microcontroller laboratory classes at (school name here) alsoserves as the control and automation laboratory. Contained within this laboratory, are severalBasic Process Rig model 38-100 trainer stations manufactured by Feedback™. Figure 1 shows aphotograph of one of the trainer stations. The trainer is comprised of rugged mechanical(plumbing) and electrical hardware that can easily be reconfigured for various water processcontrol demonstrations

Conference Session

Project-based and Cooperative Learning in ECE

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Adams, University of Kentucky; Jens Hannemann, University of Kentucky; Lawrence Holloway, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

that evaluation, reassess and refine their work. 6. Recognize the importance of group collaboration, including oral and written communication.EE101 ScheduleThe new three-credit course was designed for a Tuesday/Thursday meeting schedule (1.5hrs/meeting). Tuesdays’ meetings consisted of lectures (by instructors and studentgroups), in-class exercises, quizzes, and exams. Thursday meetings were devoted tohands-on laboratory work.The course schedule for Fall of 2011 was structured as follows: Week Lecture (Tuesday) Lab modules (Thursday) 1 (8/24 – 8/26) No lecture Speaker + AM radio 2 (8/29 – 9/2) Intro to ECE

Conference Session

BME Course and Curriculum Development

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve R Marek, University of Texas, Austin; William Liechty, University of Texas, Austin; James W. Tunnell, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

teaching responsibilities comprises the biomedical engineering laboratory courses. His previous research interests included small- molecule organic synthesis, intelligent hydrogels for controlled drug delivery, pulmonary drug delivery, and materials characterization.Mr. William Liechty, University of Texas, Austin William B. Liechty is a NSF Graduate Research Fellow in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Texas, Austin, conducting research under the direction of Prof. Nicholas Peppas. He re- ceived a B.S.E. in chemical engineering from the University of Iowa in 2007 and studied at the University of Cambridge as a Gates Scholar until 2008. His research interests include responsive materials, RNA

Collection

2012 ERC

Authors

Kam Ng

2 D&I Vision and ObjectivesUniversity Research InitiativesURI funds promising new research, stimulates innovation, and attractsoutstanding researchers to naval-relevant research projects.In-House Laboratory Independent ResearchILIR/IAR programs are focused on providing quality research and revitalizingthe competency of the technical workforce.Defense Research ScienceDRS portfolio objectives are: (1) Develop scientific and fundamentalknowledge; (2) Provide the basis for future Navy and Marine Corps systems;and (3) Maintain the health of the defense scientist and engineer workforce. 3 ONR FY12 Basic Research (6.1

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sukesh K. Aghara, Prairie View A&M University; M. Golam Faruk, Prairie View A&M University; Latha Vasudevan, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

). Aghara earned a master’s in environmental engineering from Vander- bilt University in 1999. He then went on to get his master’s and Ph.D. in nuclear engineering from the University of Texas at Austin (UT) in 2001 and 2003, respectively. Upon completion of his Ph.D., Aghara was appointed as research associate at Nuclear Engineering Teaching Laboratory in Austin, Texas and a Lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at UT prior to taking his current position at PV. He serves on the board of the Nuclear Power Institute (NPI), a multi-agency (university/industry/utilities) consortium focused on the development of the nuclear workforce of the future. Aghara has more than 10 years of teaching experience and has

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching and Research in Physics or Engineering Physics III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrian Ieta, Oswego State University College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

Professor in the Department of Physics, State University of New York at Oswego. Ieta is a member of Professional Engineers of Ontario. Page 25.729.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012IMPLEMENTATION OF AN UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH COURSEA capstone course comes as the peak experience for students in higher education programs. Thechallenge may sometime extend to their advisors as well. We report our experience with teachinga senior research project course to Physics students at a teaching university using a recently setup Applied Electrostatics Laboratory. The design of the course allowed

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Potpourri

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne Weaver, Michigan Technological University; Jeremy John Worm P.E., Michigan Technological University; Jeffrey D. Naber, Michigan Technological University; Leonard J. Bohmann, Michigan Technological University; John E. Beard, Michigan Technological University; Carl L. Anderson, Michigan Technological University; Bo Chen, Michigan Technological University; Jason M. Keith, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

distributed and renewable energy technology research. Weaver is a registered Professional Engineer in the state of Illinois. He is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Michigan Technological University.Jeremy John Worm P.E., Michigan Technological University Jeremy John Worm is the Director of the Mobile Sustainable Transportation Laboratory at Michigan Tech and a Research Engineer in the Advanced Power Systems Research Center. Worm teaches several courses pertaining to hybrid vehicles, and IC engines. In addition to teaching, his research interests include internal combustion engines, alternative fuels, and vehicle hybridization. Prior to coming to Michigan Tech, Worm was a Lead