Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Elise M. Barrella, James Madison University; Robert L. Nagel, James Madison University; Jacquelyn Kay Nagel, James Madison University; Justin J Henriques, James Madison University; Daniel Devon Imholte

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

experiences rely on final reports and presentations for formal evaluation ofperformance, capstone experiences that include a traditional course component also use regularquizzes and examinations on the design content being instructed.17 Further, many engineeringprograms have found it useful to include peer evaluations, which translate to a team grade aswell as an individual grade to accurately evaluate student performance during these capstoneexperiences.6Capstone models can also vary by capstone course lecture content. Many capstone modelsencompass both a lecture component and the applied capstone design project. While this is themost common implementation, not all capstone models include a lecture component. Rather,they focus on the applied design

Conference Session

Integrating Engineering & Liberal Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dominic M. Halsmer PE, Oral Roberts University; Peter Wesley Odom, Oral Roberts University; Jessica Fitzgerald, Oral Roberts University; Taylor Gipson Tryon, Oral Roberts University

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

information pathways and observed the resulting performance. In assessing theoverall achievement and results of the study, the reviewers concluded that “the mechanism usedin Escherichia coli to combat heat shock is just what a well trained control engineer woulddesign, given the signals and the functions available.”35One can easily see that these kinds of conclusions naturally lead to interesting discussions abouthow such exquisite engineering can emerge by accident. Nevertheless, researchers continue toapply reverse engineering techniques to natural systems simply because it works. Biologist E. O.Wilson writes, “The surest way to grasp complexity in the brain, as in any other biologicalsystem, is to think of it as an engineering problem…Researchers

Conference Session

Training and Workforce Needs in the Energy Sector

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hayrettin B Karayaka, Western Carolina University; Mehrube Mehrubeoglu, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

to advertise and promote the scholarship program. This effortincluded high school visits and teacher networking, participation in college day fairs and internetposting through various websites. After months of effort in the middle of Japan’s Fukushimanuclear disaster, a total of seventeen applications were eventually received by April 1st deadline.Secondly, a scholarship selection committee was formed by the university faculty, staff and alocal industry representative to provide a fair selection process. The selection criteria includedactual class rank, SAT/ACT scores, financial need status, reference letters, essay writing skillsand whether the candidate was first generation U.S. resident college student. Each committeemembers’ rankings

Conference Session

FPD 6: Transitions and Student Success, Part II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry Volcy, Spelman College; Carmen Sidbury, Spelman College

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

  Page 23.389.6• Generate  shapes  • Hypothesize  and  correct  for  distortions  in  the  shape  • Write  a  technical  paper  and  deliver  a  technical  presentation  of  findings    These  are  detailed  below.    • Mechanical  Assembly  The  mechanical  assembly  task  proved  to  be  an  effective  means  of  immediately  engaging  the  students  in  the  project.    In  particular,  harvesting  the  laser  diode  from  a  common  laser  pointer  and  re-­‐purposing  it  for  the  project  offered  a  “tear-­‐down”  7  and  re-­‐engineering  opportunity  that  elicited  many  questions  about  how  the  device  functioned  and  how  the  laser  pointer  itself  is  manufactured.    Further,  de-­‐soldering  unwanted

Conference Session

Training and Support for NEEs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chirag Variawa, University of Toronto; Sherif N Kinawy, University of Toronto; D. Grant Allen, University of Toronto; Chris Damaren, University of Toronto; Susan McCahan, University of Toronto; Bryan Karney

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

portfolios include ateaching philosophy, sample syllabi and course material, assessment material, and a discussionof the application of teaching theory to practice. This project occurs while students develop theiracademic CV and cover letters from the seminar-based aspect of the PPIT program. Theintention is for each student to be well on their way in developing a course as they begin theiractual academic searches. In addition to these activities, students are expected to deliver a 20-minute microteaching activity in the presence of their peers and course staff. This is essentially avideotaped lecture of each student, pending their approval, where the video is returned to eachstudent for personal self-reflection. Students then write a brief

Conference Session

Design Teamwork

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Junichi Kanai, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Mark Anderson, Rensselaer

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

the other hand,laboratory courses and engineering design courses are often used to teach communication andteamwork skills 1. Typical communication skills include, but are not limited to, maintaininglab/design notebooks, writing technical reports, and oral presentations. A project-based coursemay also include writing a proposal.On-line collaboration tools, also known as groupware, are widely used in many organizations toimprove their productivity and the quality of their products. Currently, Wikipedia includes over95 software tools 2. Types of collaboration tools include bulletin (discussion) boards for threadeddiscussions, public folders for sharing documents, and version control systems for concurrentediting software source codes or CAD

Conference Session

FPD 4: First-Year Engineering Courses, Part I: Multimedia, Large Classes, and TAs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farshid Marbouti, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Kelsey Joy Rodgers, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Hyunyi Jung, Purdue University; Alena Moon, Purdue University; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

students you know don’t seem to get it at first so. It’s brand new so that how most learning experiences are. I think it’s a decent method.Some TA’s also have difficulty understating the intention for some parts of the activity, thusmade it difficult to help students. Peter mentioned: I think [students] are in the same position as a lot of peer teachers (UTAs), they don’t understand why they are doing, like they are given a problem this person wants them to do this... but their immediate reaction is well why.. what am I gaining from this.. I mean yeah they know how to write a memo now and they can make a procedure and they can give user feedback, but I don’t think they understand the purpose behind it like

Conference Session

Track 3 - Session II - Faculty Development

Collection

2013 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Mohammad Kamal Hossain, Tuskegee University; Stacy Benjamin, Northwestern University; Kwanju Kim, Hongik University; Manuel Löwer, RWTH Aachen University; Pradosh K. Ray, Tuskegee University

Tagged Topics

Faculty Development

learned how to collaboratewith their peers from a different cultural environment residing in different time zones.IntroductionUniversities have the responsibility to educate their engineering students in such a way that theyare able to provide effective and responsible solutions to human-social-environmental needs asan individual as well as a member of a team after graduation with a BS degree in engineering.Engineering capstone design projects are typically taught by forming a team of several studentsfrom the same discipline. However, it is not enough to make them competent workers in today’sglobal market or to act as a better workforce. Universities need to prepare students to be able towork in a diversified environment so that they can interact

Conference Session

Introducing New Methodologies and the Incoming Students to Engineering Programs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Flora S Tsai, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Kyle H Wong, Singapore American School

Tagged Divisions

International

'better' than their peers, and hence Khan Academyserves a supplemental purpose to learning as well. Khan Academy videos are notrecommended for people experienced with the subject at hand, as Khan gives thebasics only. However, if students wish to refresh their skills, Khan Academy is agreat place to go to, due to its exercises and videos. Khan Academy is a greatplace to learn, as Khan rewards you for learning more. A small improvementwould be the 'review' system- after a student has completed a set of exercises,after a while, Khan Academy marks the exercise as needing review. Students haveto go through the entire set of exercises again to get rid of the review marker.Another MOOC which is rapidly gaining traction in their course offerings

Conference Session

Restructuring/Rethinking STEM

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicola Sochacka, University of Georgia; Kelly Woodall Guyotte, University of Georgia; Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Nadia N. Kellam, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

cognition. She created the synthesis and design studios in the environmental engineering program and is currently developing the professional and design spines for the upcoming mechanical engineering program. She is also interested in faculty development and recently co-organized the NSF-sponsored PEER workshop for tenure-track engineering education research faculty. Page 23.597.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Faculty Reflections on a STEAM-Inspired Interdisciplinary Studio CourseAbstractConcerns regarding America’s

Conference Session

Assessment of Community Engagement

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Antonette T. Cummings P.E., Purdue University; James Huff, Purdue University; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

B. The multidisciplinarity of EPICS can create challenges but we have developedassessment tools that can be used for all majors. The assessment are based on the ABETlanguage but with “engineering” replaced by “your discipline” and “technical” with“disciplinary”. This allows each student to read into his or her expertise and be evaluated againstthe criteria. Using terms like “professional preparation” allows the tools to be used acrossmajors effectively. In addition, Peer Evaluation and Feedback are also done for each student ineach team. They include self-evaluation and anonymous evaluations from peers that are used tosupplement the individual documentation.Project EvaluationsProject Evaluations are done for each team. The individual grade

Conference Session

Assessment of Student Learning 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra Gilbuena, Oregon State University; Audrey Briggs Champagne, University at Albany, SUNY; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

which aligns “with contextual knowingand with synthetic and evaluative tasks. (p. 4)” 31 Another tool, originally termed the curriculardebrief and now termed the Engineering Professional Skills Assessment (EPSA), was developedat Washington State University to measure all of the ABET professional skills criteriasimultaneously 32, 33. This assessment places students on teams and tasks them with a complex,real-world scenario, giving them merely 45 minutes to “determine the most important problem/sand to discuss stakeholders, impacts, unknowns, and possible solutions. (p. 2)” 33 Other morecommonly used tools such as performance reviews and peer assessments have also beenreported.In order to help engineering students acquire proficiency in

Conference Session

K-12 Professional Development I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jed S. Lyons, University of South Carolina; Erica Pfister-Altschul, University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

  Time management  4.50 Presentation Importance of Skills to Career Path Writing  Teamwork  Leadership  4.00 Research  Teaching  3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 2.00 2.50 3.00

Conference Session

Minority Student Success

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Annita Alting, Grove School of Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York; Feridun Delale, City College of the City University of New York; Joseph Barba, City College of the City University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

interested in transferring to a bachelor’s program in engineering.The purpose of the course is to introduce potential Grove students to the practice of engineering Page 23.249.4research in the engineering disciplines the school offers. The course consists of a group researchassignment, lab and library visits, guest lectures on engineering ethics and statistics, groupreports and presentations, math tutoring, and writing exercises analyzing a research article andexploring a research problem. A program description is provided in appendix 2. The studentswere recruited by Grove’s office of student programs using its contacts in many communitycolleges and

Conference Session

New Approaches in Engineering

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Audrey Lynn LaVallie, Turtle Mountain Community College; Eric Asa, North Dakota State University; G. Padmanabhan P.E., North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

students reiterated that these studies were much longer than any previous study they had undertaken in the past and that they had not worked before in a collaborative effort. The students were also able to note that planning and execution followed distinct stages- literature search, experimental design, data collection and evaluation , and drawing of conclusions. Exposure to technical writing was invaluable for most of the students- although writing skills are poor across the board in the U.S., scores are particularly low at TCCs. Science and math scores on assessment tests such as the Praxis (for secondary education students) are moderately lower than national medians, but English skills are very much lower. In

Conference Session

Computer Hardware and Simulation

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Krista M Hill, University of Hartford; Ying Yu, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

verification, and teaching with new educational methods, which includes peer instruction, personal response systems, video games, and state-of-the-art CAD tools. Page 23.1288.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Use of a CPLD in an Introductory Logic Circuits CourseAbstractIn the 2011 Fall semester we successfully adopted a complex programmable logic device(CPLD) for use in our introductory logic circuits course at the University of Hartford. Whilethe adoption of the corresponding CAD tools is an important element, we have been

Conference Session

Secondary (6-12) Outreach

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Schnittka, Auburn University; Michael A Evans, Virginia Tech ; Tiffany Drape, Virginia Tech; Samantha Gwai Lan Won, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

five minutes they werestopped and summarized in writing. After completed, the transcripts were open coded by both aresearcher and a graduate student, and themes were noted. This observation procedure was usedto pick up fine details about the teachers’ implementation of the curriculum, the environmentaldifferences between the three sites, the behaviors of the youth and the general level ofengagement by the participants. Pre and post testsThe pre and post test, Heat Transfer Evaluation, was administered on the first and last days ofthe unit. This 12-item multiple choice instrument from Schnittka & Bell (2010) has demonstratedvalidity and reliability with the middle school aged population. It was designed to target commonalternative

Conference Session

Thermodynamics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen R. Turns, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Peggy Noel Van Meter, Pennsylvania State University; Thomas A. Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Carla M Firetto, The Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

complete the exercises in class. In the first matrix exercise (Fig. 1), students consider the four ideal-gas processes presentedin four rows: (i) a constant-pressure expansion, (ii) a constant-volume process in which thepressure increases, (iii) a constant-temperature expansion, and (iv) an adiabatic, reversible(constant entropy) expansion. Prompts written in the columns required students to (i) write amathematical expressions for the relation of pressure-to-volume and the relation of temperature-to-volume, (ii) create a plot of pressure versus volume, (iii) create a plot of temperature versusvolume, and (iv) develop and enter an expression for moving boundary work. In the second matrix exercise (Fig. 2), students consider the same four

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy and Curriculum 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jay R. Goldberg P.E., Marquette University; David B. Rank, Root Cause Consortium, LLC

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

of the BMES-idea national student design competition and writes a quarterly column on senior design for IEEE-Pulse magazine. In 2012 he received the National Society of Professional Engineers Engineering Education Excellence Award for linking professional practice to engineering education.David B. Rank, Root Cause Consortium, LLC David has more than 28 years in the workforce with 19 of those working for Harley-Davidson, Inc.. The majority of his Harley-Davidson R experience was as their Softail R Platform Director, developing and caring for that family of motorcycles with his management team. Over the years, he has participated in international assembly bench-marking studies, manufacturing capability assessments and

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues: Culture

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marie C Paretti, Virginia Tech; Courtney S Smith-Orr, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

interviews were transcribed andanalyzed using open-coding procedures to identify ways women experience the relationshipbetween their gender and their engineering identities, their experiences with male students (e.g.on design teams, studying for exams, completing homework assignments), and their strategiesfor navigating gendered dynamics such as peers who did not value their input or who expectedthem to take on certain roles. The participants rarely responded directly to questions aboutperceived gendered experiences, but when talking about their experiences in classes or on teams,did describe ways in which they had negotiated their space and their identity, earning respect ordemonstrating competence to gain a voice at the table. At the same time

Conference Session

Environmental engineering pedagogy and innovation

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

the information is presented seems valuable.” “Posted lectures with comment great for review and homework, but trying to listen to them before class was overwhelming. Good tool but I prefer in-class lectures.”Instructor PerspectiveFrom an instructor perspective, making the lectures in advance took time and the resulting fileswere very large. Creating additional problems for in-class work also took additional time.However, I found it more enjoyable to spend class time interactively working problems. Peer-to-peer instruction was observed. Students questions while

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mahnas Jean Mohammadi-Aragh, Virginia Tech; Rachel Louis Kajfez, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Student

cannot wait for every student to finish, but if you constantlycut them short, they will not participate in the activity and instead will wait for you to answer theproblem for them. Also, immediately after the activity, relevant discussion or sharing of studentwork is necessary to retain engaged students. In the observations, without a planned follow-upfor each active learning exercise, students who were off-task and then engaged in the activeexercise were often observed returning to their off-task work. Likewise, students who finishedan activity before their peers would participate in off-task activities, but a powerful summary ordiscussion of the exercise would often reengage those students in lecture.To illustrate the benefits to active

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tolga Kaya, Central Michigan University; Kumar Yelamarthi, Central Michigan University; Brian P DeJong, Central Michigan University; Qin Hu, Central Michigan University; Shaopeng Cheng, Central Michigan University ; Steve Kettler, Alma High School; Daniel Chen, Central Michigan University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

, electrical properties of materials, therapeutic applications of electromagnetic fields, and software engineering and development. She has authored/co-authored 26 journal papers and several conference papers published in prestigious, international, peer-reviewed journals. She is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a member of the Biophysical Society (BPS) and a member of the Society of Woman Engineers (SWE).Dr. Shaopeng Cheng, Central Michigan University Dr. Shaopeng Cheng received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Cincinnati in 1995. He is currently an associate professor in the School of Engineering and Technology at Central Michigan University. Dr. Cheng teaches

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narayanan M. Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Paper ID #8072A Case Study on Advancing Learning in An Upper-Level Engineering CourseDr. Narayanan M. Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology Professor Dr. Narayanan Komerath is a professor of Aerospace Engineering at Georgia Institute of Tech- nology, and director of the Experimental Aerodynamics and Concepts Group and the Micro Renewable Energy Systems Laboratory. He has over 300 publications, over 120 of them peer-reviewed. He holds three U.S. patents, and has guided fifteen Ph.D.s, more than 50 M.S.s and more than 160 undergraduate research special problem projects. He is a former chair of the Aerospace Division

Conference Session

Themes in Renewable Energy and ET

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.); Michael G Mauk P.E., Drexel University; M. Eric Carr, Drexel University; Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

course sequence was organized following the ABET guideline forcapstone and/or senior project design courses. The senior design class is organized in a verystructured form.1. Teams: All students have to work in teams of three or four. We consider this to be theoptimum team size. A team of two may result in distress in cases where one of the students wasnot able to do his or her share of the work, while for teams larger than four may have difficultiesto choose projects which were challenging enough for such a big group of students and stillcould be finished within three-quarter time frame.2. Self and Peer Review: A very simple self and peer review system has been introduced. Thestudents must evaluate their own and their team members' performance

Conference Session

Thermodynamics

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nihad Dukhan, University of Detroit Mercy; Mark Schumack, University of Detroit Mercy

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

change. Abulencia et al.9 described an inquiry-based exercise in whichstudents were required to develop an instructional video that could teach a concept inthermodynamics using common metaphors, and to watch (and critique) similarly constructedvideos by peers. Prince et al.11 presented results that showed the effectiveness of inquiry-basedactivities in addressing some thermodynamic misconceptions held be engineering students, i.e., Page 23.1280.8heat, energy, temperature and entropy.Field43 described guided inquiry investigations of thermodynamic properties and cycles in asophomore thermodynamics class. Students were required to modify a

Conference Session

FPD 8: Engineering Math Issues

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tanya D Ennis, University of Colorado Boulder; Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, University of Colorado, Boulder; Beverly Louie, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

tosucceed in engineering. Entering engineering GoldShirt students participate in a two-weeksummer bridge program to orient them to the challenges of college, building community amongtheir peers, and developing leadership skills through a wide range of activities. During the initialyear, students learn in small, cohort-based classes in mathematics, introductory physics,chemistry, writing and critical thinking. These students are placed into appropriate mathematicsclasses based on an in-depth review of placement exam results and high school transcripts, withthe intent to ensure they are prepared to enter or have begun the engineering calculus sequence atthe close of their first year. Students who achieve predefined metrics in the first GoldShirt

Conference Session

International Division Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Efra Altamirano; lourdes gazca, American University in Puebla, Mexico; Aurelio Lopez-Malo, Universidad de las Americas Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas Puebla

Tagged Divisions

International

Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Direct and Indirect Assessment of Universidad de las Américas Puebla’s Food Engineering Program OutcomesAbstractThe Food Engineering program from Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP) is approvedby the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) and accredited by the Consejo de Acreditación de laEnseñanza de la Ingeniería (CACEI), which is the peer-accrediting agency of the USAccreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) in Mexico. Graduates ofUDLAP’s Food Engineering program (FE) shall attain thirteen outcomes; eleven of them aresimilar to ABET Criterion 3 (a-k) program outcomes1; as well as specific IFT core competenciesregarding major areas: food chemistry and

Conference Session

Robots and K-12 Computer Applications

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl D. Seals, Auburn University; Earl B. Smith, Georgia Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

other approaches to technology use in the classroom.Many elementary students struggle to read, write and comprehend in the classroom6 and manyprograms have been created to help with basic reading proficiency. Some programs have lookedat solutions of utilizing computers to aid students in improving their reading literacy 5,8. It hasbeen documented that programs need to better take advantage of the hours that students spendplaying video games9. Interactive educational games like video games can encourage students tobe more responsive and are of greater benefit than inactive games10. Students are highly Page 23.531.4interested in learning to design

Conference Session

Programs in Support of Systems Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan K Donohue, University of Virginia; Ali Bouabid, Khalifa University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

its share of controversy. There is no argument that traffic volume on US 29, a main north-south artery, is far beyond capacity; the arguments revolve around proposed solutions, their impacts, and costs. We research the main problem and related issues and perform an analysis similar to the one for the Community Water Plan.Because of the writing-intensive nature of the course, second-year standing became a pre-requisite for the second offering of the course. This change ensured that students would havehad the PVCC English Composition sequence before the class. Students who had not completedthis sequence had some issues completing the case studies, and we wanted to support studentsuccess in this course as well as