Conference Session

Student Division Innovative Research Methods Technical Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel K. Anderson, Clemson University; Julie P Martin, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Student

Paper ID #19140A Real Report from the Trenches of a PhD Dissertation: Exploring the Inher-ent ”Messiness” of Engineering Education Research Through an Audit TrailDr. Rachel K. Anderson, Clemson University Rachel Anderson recently earned her PhD in Engineering and Science Education from Clemson Univer- sity. She is now the Assistant Coordinator for Clemson’s Peer Assisted Learning program. Her research interests include cross-disciplinary teamwork, student development, and program assessment. Rachel re- ceived a M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Clemson University and a B.S. in Physics from Baldwin- Wallace University.Dr

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computing

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Secil Caskurlu, Purdue University; Iryna Ashby, Purdue University; Marisa Exter, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

knowledge and skills, such as communications and interpersonal skills, businessstrategy and applications, team/organization and management, general problem solving andcritical thinking, as well as self-regulated lifelong learning skills3, 4, 14, 16-18. Employers report thatemployees are not well prepared in terms of global knowledge, writing, critical thinking,adaptability, self-knowledge, oral communication, or quantitative reasoning19. However, thequestion remains: how to effectively design the curriculum to ensure that both discipline-specificand cross-disciplinary skills are sufficiently covered? To address this question, we need toexplore the issue from multiple angles: (1) gaps in education perceived by faculty, (2) gaps ineducation perceived

Conference Session

Engineering Literacy: Champions of Engineering in General Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Flath, Macalester College; Diane P Michelfelder, Macalester College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Technological and Engineering Literacy/Philosophy of Engineering

compelling observations made by James Duderstadt in his 2010essay “Engineering for a Changing World”, collected in Dominico Grasso’s and Melody BrownBurkins’ Holistic Engineering Education: Beyond Technology, we find this: “Today we have asociety profoundly dependent upon technology, profoundly dependent on engineers who producethat technology, and profoundly ignorant of technology” (p.31). Such profound ignorancereveals a profound social need. Writes Duderstadt: “Perhaps the most urgent need of our societyis a deeper understanding and appreciation for technology on the part of all college graduatesrather than only those seeking engineering degrees” (p.21), and also proposes that the study ofengineering or technology be included under the umbrella

Conference Session

WIP: Engineering Education Research - Focus on Problem Solving

Collection

2017 FYEE Conference

Authors

James Lloyd Long, Liberty University; Carolyn Ziebart, Liberty University

Tagged Topics

FYEE Conference - Works in Progress Submission

first graduates in 2018, with class reflective writings serve to instill and reinforce theABET accreditation to follow. Civil Engineering is attributes of a master learner into the engineeringtentatively planned for startup in the 2018-19 school year. students.Incoming freshman class size has grown steadily, reaching a • Addition of the ‘Design Your Own Plan’ project:peak enrollment of 249 declared engineering majors in the Development of an individual success plan serves as the2015-2016 school year. culminating student development activity in Introduction From its inception, the entry point for the engineering to Engineering course

Conference Session

WIP: Student Success & Development - Focus on Mentoring

Collection

2017 FYEE Conference

Authors

Joanne F. Uleau, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado- Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity, FYEE Conference - Works in Progress Submission

participation consistent, reliable sources of support, information andincreased each year; from 20% to 30% to 50%, but we inspiration. The mentors are trained in a 2-hour session instill expect more. which their roles and responsibilities, including ethics, are stressed. They are also provided a 7-page manual that drawsIndex Terms – Mentorship program, senior-first-year, from the College of Engineering Peer Advocates manual.student-student The mentors are enthusiastic students and for the most part Introduction

Conference Session

Retention

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Laggini Fiore, Temple University; Shawn Patrick Fagan, Temple University; David Brookstein, Temple University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

advising, career guidance,and faculty support are frequently reported by students who leave an engineering program(Seymour et al., 1997, Meyer et al., 2014). Regardless of these challenges it is important forengineering programs to be aware of these realities when developing and implementing retentioninitiatives.Temple University’s Project SOARTraditionally, Temple University has responded to the issue of low rates of success and retentionin its engineering courses and programs by providing support interventions for strugglingstudents. In fact, at Temple we have robust student support services, including tutoring, examreview sessions for select courses, peer assisted study sessions, coaching on academic skillsdevelopment, a writing center, and

Conference Session

EET Papers 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nikunja Swain P.E., South Carolina State University and Excelsior College; Shambhu Shastry, Excelsior College; Shou-Bang Jian, Excelsior College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

6 60-64 3 Below 60 0 * Percentage toward final grade. See Table 2 below. Participation in Weekly Online DiscussionsA series of discussion questions are posted during the course. Students are required to participateregularly with their course instructor and other students in online discussions. Each student is expectedto use online course tools (Discussion boards and Chat rooms) to interact with peers and workcollaboratively to improve his/her understanding of underlying course ideas and issues.Table 2 below shows weights assigned to each of the above activities: Table 2 – Weights assigned to each activityIn this

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Besser P.E., University of St. Thomas; Camille M. George, University of St. Thomas; Erin Anne Kern, University of St. Thomas; Jenna Laleman, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

developing world. Dr. George has worked on projects in the Caribbean and in West Africa. Her projects combine her expertise in thermodynamics and heat transfer with the preservation of food, the cooling of space in hot dry climates, and empowering women’s cooperatives to better manage their natural resources.Ms. Erin Anne Kern, University of St. Thomas Erin is a Mechanical Engineering and French student at the University of St. Thomas in her junior year of study. She works in the Playful Learning Lab in the engineering department of her university and leads projects on using code to interpret music. Erin is interested in technical writing, finding ways to connect art and engineering, and sustainable engineering, and she

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ravi T. Shankar, Florida Atlantic University; Francis Xavier McAfee, Florida Atlantic University; Diana Mitsova, Florida Atlantic University; Summer Scarlatelli, Museum of Discovery and Science

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division

of reference is ignored. ASC is considered to be agood predictor of future achievements. We combine here elements of informal and formallearning with near peer-to-peer mentoring, and creative problem solving, in a multidisciplinaryenvironment, so ‘above-average’ achievers from our diverse community become aware ofalternative, challenging, and/or lucrative STEM careers (Lowell et al., 2009), all the while beingin a “small pond” which should positively impact the ASC. We put ‘above-average’ in quotes,since there is evidence, as noted below, that their Social Economy Status (SES) may haveartificially depressed their normative scores.Cultural diversity is both a reality and an opportunity. The US Census predicts that from nowthrough 2060, the

Collection

AEE Journal

Authors

Jae-eun Russel; Mark Andersland; Sam Van Horne; John Gikonyo; Logan Sloan

checking, discus-sions, debates, and various tasks involving application, analysis or problem-solving, student-centeredapproaches require students to learn course materials prior to a class meeting (McCallum et al., 2015),typically through assigned readings or lecture videos along with quick quizzes or short write-ups. Be-cause students in student-centered courses interact with course materials in a timely manner to preparebetter for class meetings, they tend to avoid the cramming style of study for summative assessmentscompared with students in lecture-based courses (Gross et al., 2015; Hutchings & Quinney, 2015). Research in student-centered instructional approaches has reported positive outcomes in studentlearning (e.g., Freeman et al

Conference Session

Software Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derek David Riley, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Division

fixes over SPL (maintainability) goals.In this work we investigate a couple of research questions including: can incorporating SPL intoan undergraduate software engineering course sequence improve student learning outcomesrelated to writing maintainable, reliable, and reusable code? We are also interested in answeringthe question of whether incorporating SPL can improve the quality of documentation created bystudents. To work toward answers to these questions we present a case study of the two-semesterdevelopment of an SPL in a senior-level undergraduate software engineering course sequenceusing a real-world mobile application. We present key strategies for motivating positive learningoutcomes including an adapted Scrum process designed to

Conference Session

Retention

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Niranjan Hemant Desai, Purdue University Northwest; George Stefanek, Purdue University Northwest

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

programs such as developing an active learning environment, increasing the use of technology in the classroom, and the use of peer mentors to better relate the challenges freshman students face in understanding classroom material.4) Strategies focused on retaining student interest in their chosen discipline. These strategies include incorporating modules into freshman courses that involve the solving of practical engineering problems, and demonstrating the application of classroom concepts to real-world problems.5) Strategies focused on incorporating more hands-on components into the classroom.Table 1 presents all the retention techniques that have been summarized in this paper. The tablecomprises the reference number corresponding to

Collection

AEE Journal

Authors

Ryan Solnosky P.E.; Joshua Fairchild

Challenging designs within the disciplines • Formulation of assignments to promote collaboration by means of: SS Topic background and code provisions research SS Alternative studies portion4 FALL 2017ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATIONSurvey Tools for Faculty to Quickly Assess Multidisciplinary Team Dynamicsin Capstone Courses SS Narrowing and refinement of designs SS Communication designs to peers SS Technical writing Because the classroom organization and team formulation resulted in a small sample size, thisarticle reports findings based primarily upon qualitative inquiry (although quantitative data wascollected). As

Conference Session

Research Experiences at Two-year Colleges

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amelito G Enriquez, Canada College; Nicholas Patrick Langhoff, Skyline College; Wenshen Pong P.E., San Francisco State University; Hamid Mahmoodi, San Francisco State University; Xiaorong Zhang, San Francisco State University; Cheng Chen, San Francisco State University; Kwok Siong Teh, San Francisco State University; Zhaoshuo Jiang P.E., San Francisco State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

college3.Improving post-secondary student retention and success has been the subject of many studies.For example, Kuh’s multi-phased study identified high-impact practices including first-yearseminars and experiences, common intellectual experiences, learning communities, writing-intensive courses, collaborative assignments and projects, undergraduate research,diversity/global learning, service learning/community-based learning, internships, and capstonecourses and projects.4 Another study published by the California State University Chancellor'sOffice shows that "Participation in high-impact practices has been shown to improve bothlearning and persistence for all students, but especially for the historically underserved."5 Thisstudy also

Conference Session

Professional Skills Development

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashlee Nicole Ford Versypt, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

, we discuss the adoption of a rubric for non-technical skillsassessment called the self-evaluation rubric6 in an undergraduate junior-level chemical reactionengineering course at a large, public state university through a series of essays called the self-reflection assignments. The assignments are designed to promote self-awareness of studentsthrough evaluation of their current non-technical skill levels and goal setting for futuredevelopment followed by instructor feedback and periodic updates on progress foraccountability.Reflection through writing has been used as a learning and assessment tool for setting goals,defining strategies to reach the goals, and detailing progress toward goals7. Some have usedreflection as a way to have students

Collection

2017 ASEE Mid Atlantic Section Spring Conference

Authors

Benito Mendoza, New York City College of Technology; Pamela Ann Brown, New York City College of Technology, CUNY

Tagged Topics

Diversity

students in explicit stages of research and culminates in a paper orposter. Mentoring is charged to the course instructor and sometimes peers. Most CUREsimplementations involve lower-division students and last for one semester of less. On the otherhand, most UREs implementations typically involve upper-division students [5]. Spring 2017 Mid-Atlantic ASEE Conference, April 7-8, 2017 MSUWe believe that in engineering technology undergraduate programs CUREs and UREs shouldcomplement each other. CUREs should be included across the curriculum and at different levels.Our view is to incorporate basic research skills in early semesters and keep cultivating andexpanding them as students move up. We believe that with this approach upper

Conference Session

Tips and Tricks for Actively Engaging Students

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samuel J. Dickerson, University of Pittsburgh; Renee M. Clark, University of Pittsburgh; Anita Jain

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

aproblem involving (for example) the illustration of a circuit and/or its mathematical expression.With the minute paper, students were asked at the end of class to write down their muddiestpoints, main takeaways, and/or questions based upon their lecture notes. To directly assess theeffectiveness of this new approach, current rubric-derived exam results were compared withprevious exam results, taking GPA into account. We obtained significantly-higher final examscores during the active semester. Semi-structured student interviews were also conductedbefore class sessions and content-analyzed by two analysts to indirectly assess the impact of thetechniques on student learning. Based on the interview data, the very large majority of studentsfound the

Conference Session

Strategies to enhance student learning

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Josh Ramey, Colorado School of Mines; Judy Schoonmaker, Colorado School of Mines; Sarah M. Ryan, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biological & Agricultural

understanding of the assigned reading (Smith et al., 2009; Millerand Tanner, 2015) and, importantly, to expose remaining misconceptions. A pivotal part of thisformative assessment is the follow-up peer instruction associated with any quiz questions forwhich there is not a group consensus on the correct answer (Tanner and Allen, 2004). Thispursuant discussion not only helps students who are struggling, but also allows students whobetter comprehend the material to cement their understanding by explaining the concepts to theirpeers (Cortright et al., 2005; Tanner, 2009b).Group activities, termed Explorations in our course, emphasize enduring understanding overfactual knowledge and process over details. Explorations (lasting one to two hours) use real

Conference Session

Continuing Education for Faculty

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pradeep Kashinath Waychal, Guruji Education Foundation; Mukund Vishnu Kavade, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, India

Tagged Divisions

International

innovation Center. Dr Waychal earned his Ph D in the area of developing Innovation Competencies in Information System Organizations from IIT Bombay and M Tech in Control Engineering from IIT Delhi. He has presented keynote / invited talks in many high prole international conferences and has published papers in peer- reviewed journals. He / his teams have won awards in Engineering Education, Innovation, Six Sigma, and Knowledge Management at international events. His current research interests are engineering education, software engineering, and developing innovative entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. He has been chosen as one of the five outstanding engineering educators by IUCEE (Indo-universal consortium of engineering

Conference Session

Enrollment, Instruction and Pedagogy - Focus on Design-Based Projects

Collection

2017 FYEE Conference

Authors

John Edward Miller, Baylor University; Carolyn Skurla, Baylor University

Tagged Topics

FYEE Division - Paper Submission

. With the exception of the “Askingand present their alarm clock prototype and demonstrate its questions” skill, the students in the pilot course scoredfunctionality to the class. The professors, graduate assistant, modestly higher on “3D visualization” and “Teamwork”. Theand all students in the class provided evaluation for project second-semester pilot group displayed a considerably higherand presentation quality. Students also provided peer score for “Writing.”assessment of their team member. STUDENT FEEDBACKFirst Year Engineering Experience (FYEE) Conference August 6 – August 8, 2017, Daytona Beach, FL T2C-4

Conference Session

The Care and Keeping of Graduate Students - GSD Tech Session 6

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine G.P. Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University; Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, New Engineering Educators

graduate education, online engineering cognition and learning, and engineer- ing communication.Dr. Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University Katy Luchini-Colbry is the Director for Graduate Initiatives at the College of Engineering at Michigan State University, where she completed degrees in political theory and computer science. A recipient of a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, she earned Ph.D. and M.S.E. in computer science and engi- neering from the University of Michigan. She has published more than two dozen peer-reviewed works related to her interests in educational technology and enhancing undergraduate education through hands- on learning. Luchini-Colbry is also the Director of the Engineering Futures

Conference Session

Novel Pedagogical Techniques II: Potpourri

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Pascal, University of Connecticut; Tiffany Lauren Pascal, New Mexico State University-Carlsbad

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

writing abilitiesand their poor reading comprehension while watching them rapidly absorb and comment oncontent from a handful of online articles on their mobile devices. On the one hand, studentsstruggle to comprehend college-level texts, yet, on the other hand, they can quickly consumeinformation through videos, memes, list articles, and numerous other resources around the globe.Cary Gillenwater [2] asserts that the overemphasis on the importance of print literacy inhibitsrecent generations of students from connecting to not only the content of a course but to theinstructor as well.effects of visual illiteracy Many educators have discovered that the perceived epidemic of “illiteracy” isn’t due to alack of textbooks and traditional printed

Conference Session

CoED: Potpourri

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jiawen Wang, University of Detroit Mercy; Chaomin Luo, University of Detroit Mercy; Wenbing Zhao, Cleveland State University; Xinde Li, School of Automation, Southeast University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

, and the Chair of the Graduate Program Committee in the Department of EECS, the ABET coordinator for the BS in Computer Science Program, and a member of the faculty senate at CSU. Dr. Zhao has authored a research monograph titled: ”Building Dependable Distributed Systems” published by Scrivener Publishing, an imprint of John Wiley and Sons. Furthermore, Dr. Zhao published over 150 peer-reviewed papers on fault tolerant and dependable systems (three of them won the best paper award), computer vision and motion analysis, physics, and education. Dr. Zhao’s research is supported in part by the US National Science Foundation, the US Department of Transportation, Ohio State Bureau c American

Conference Session

Design and Making

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Summers, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Renee D. Rogge, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Paper ID #18334Design Meets Disability Studies: Bridging the Divide between Theory andPracticeDr. Sarah Summers, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Dr. Sarah Summers earned her PhD in Rhetoric and Composition from Penn State University and joined the RHIT faculty in 2014. Her work focused on writing in the disciplines, particularly at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. She teaches courses in writing and engineering communication, in- cluding technical and professional communication, intercultural communication, digital writing, and grant writing.Prof. Renee D. Rogge, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Conference Session

Innovations in Aero Curriculum and Program Level Administration

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sidaard Gunasekaran, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

].Based on the skillset shown in Figure 1, in academia, engineering graduates are trained only to“Use math to solve problems and communicate” while very little effort is made to increase allother skillset shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Literacy standards set by National Institute of Literacy [3]Carnevale and Porro [4] elegantly stated that “School-based abilities are not necessarily the sameas work-based abilities. Employers want employees with solid academic basics, but they want theapplied versions of the three R’s. Applied reading, writing, and math are substantially differentfrom the versions taught in schools. In addition, employers want a set of behavior skills that arenot taught at all in traditional academic curricula, such

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Innovation in First-Year Programs

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Bernal, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Patricia Brackin P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Richard A. House, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Jay Patrick McCormack, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Anneliese Watt, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Bill Riley, Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

, Indiana, where he directs the Professional Writing major. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Entrepreneurial Thinking in a First-Year Engineering Design StudioIn summer 2016, the authors and several other collaborators developed and taught a courseaiming to advance the pedagogy informing a proposed new degree program in EngineeringDesign, in which design, writing, and engineering topics are integrated into a multidisciplinarydesign studio setting. Most closely associated with the disciplines of industrial design andarchitecture, design studios immerse students in an authentic problem-solving environment: "In studio, designers express and explore

Conference Session

Pre-college Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anna Danielle Newley, Sonoran Schools; Erdogan Kaya, University of Nevada; Ezgi Yesilyurt, University of Nevada; Hasan Deniz, University of Nevada

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education Division

school. Mrs. Newley coaches the exploratory robotics club for grades K-8, and the competitive high school robotics team, FTC. She contributed to international pub- lished papers, national proceedings, is the process of writing several children’s books, and has presented a workshop on robotics for elementary school students.Mr. Erdogan Kaya, University of Nevada Erdogan Kaya is a PhD student in science education at University of Nevada, Las Vegas. He is work- ing as a graduate assistant and teaching science methods courses. Prior to beginning the PhD program, he received his MS degree in computer science and engineering. He coached robotics teams and was awarded several grants that promote Science, Technology

Conference Session

Military and Veterans Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven F. Barrett, University of Wyoming; Cameron H. G. Wright P.E., University of Wyoming; Marty Martinez

Tagged Divisions

Military and Veterans

Coordinator• Veterans Affairs representative, Associate Dean of Students• Various information sources including “Combat2College” [2]The discussion and background research resulted in a list of potential course topics. The coursetopics were grouped by area and organized into course goals. The goals of this course wereestablished to provide returning veterans:• A smooth transition to college life (time management skills, financial management, wellness skills);• Basic tools for academic success (basic writing skills, library skills, oral presentation skills, and advising);• Information on resources available to returning veterans (VA benefits, academic services, career services);• A sense of community, camaraderie, and belonging (interaction

Conference Session

ETD Learning Approaches

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley L. Stone, Western Carolina University; Hugh Jack P. Eng. P.E., Western Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, 4 Lab.CommunicationTeaching communication, as a skill, is a persistent challenge in technical education. This ishighlighted in the Engineer of 2020 report which described it as a need to “listen effectively aswell as to communicate through oral, visual, and written mechanisms.” 5​​ Prior to technicalstudies students have been immersed in the fundamentals of persuasive writing and socialinteraction. All technical educators build on that base to add skills for business and technicalinterfacing. At WCU the PBL sequence ensures an orderly development with the context ofengineering project work.Table 1 - Typical Communication Topic Introduction in the PBL Sequence Topic ENGR 199 ENGR 200 ENGR 350

Conference Session

Early ChemE Education

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bill B Elmore, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

learning occurs.Such an approach involves students much more intimately in the process of learning than intraditional lecture methods through active engagement with peers, mentors and the instructor.2Project-based learning may be described as:  Involving more substantial projects (in comparison to problem-based learning) over an extended period of time  Engaging students in a process of discovery with distinct phases of research, design, development and testing activities  Requiring student self-assessment and the acquisition and/or use of a variety of skills over the project lifetime.The flipped classroom has been described as any number of classroom environments wherebythe traditional presentation