Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca A. Atadero, Colorado State University; Karen E. Rambo-Hernandez, West Virginia University; Robin A. M. Hensel Ed.D., West Virginia University; Melissa Lynn Morris, West Virginia University; Amir Hedayati Mehdiabadi, Colorado State University; Jeremy Clinton Schwartz, West Virginia University; Christina Paguyo, University of Denver

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He received his B.S. in Computer Engineering from Sharif University of Technology in 2008 and his M.B.A. from University of Tehran in 2011. He has presented his research in past years at multiple conferences including American Evaluation Association, International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry, and Academy of Human Resource Development. In His dissertation, he focused on ethical decision making processes among computer majors. His research interests include ethics educa- tion, computer ethics, talent development, online learning, and evaluation. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018

Conference Session

Accreditation Issues

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Biney, Prairie View A&M University; Raghava Kommalapati, Prairie View A&M University; Michael Gyamerah, Prairie View A&M University; Annamalai Annamalai, Prairie View A&M University; Pamela Obiomon, Prairie View A&M University; Xiaobo Peng, Prairie View A&M University; Mohan Ketkar, Prairie View A&M University; Nripendra Sarker, Prairie View A&M University; Ravindra Iyengar, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

experimental result can be used to improve a process, and (iv) draw appropriate or reasonable conclusions.Performance Criteria for Outcome Group 3Outcome group 3 consists of (1) EAC Criterion 3, outcome c, “an ability to design a system,component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic,environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability”,(2) TAC Criterion 3, outcome d, “ an ability to apply creativity in the design of systems,components or processes appropriate to program educational objectives, and (3) CAC Criterion 3c, “an ability to design, implement, and evaluate a computer-based system, process, component,or program to meet desired needs. Five performance

Conference Session

Assessing Entrepreneurship and Innovation

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isabel Hilliger, Pontificia Universidad Catholica de Chile; Constanza Miranda, Pontificia Universidad Catholica de Chile; Mar Pérez-Sanagustín, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Manuela De la vega, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

motivated efforts to expand the definition of student outcomes across countries. By the mid-1990s, ABET anticipated this need by shifting the accreditation basis toward outcomes ratherthan inputs, affecting engineering programs’ practices in the U.S. and in other countries, includedAustralia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom2. These criteria, widelyknown as EC2000, specified 11 learning outcomes (see Appendix 3)16: a) Five technical skills: Related to the development of students’ mathematical, scientific, and technical knowledge. b) Six professional skills: Those that emphasize communicating and working effectively on teams, besides the awareness of ethical and contextual

Conference Session

Capstone/ET Projects I: Electrical and Computer Focus

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jay R. Porter, Texas A&M University; Anthony T. Cahill, Texas A&M University; Ricardo Eusebi, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

III. This course is a one lecture hour,three lab hour class and was taught for the first time during the Fall 2019 semester. The lecturecontains topics designed to complement the second engineering physics course onelectromagnetics such as electric fields, magnetic fields, and electric DC and AC circuits as wellas the application of these concepts to real-world engineering problems. In addition, a number ofother topics are addressed including data acquisition, microcontrollers, project management,engineering ethics and art in engineering. The laboratory component is conceptually innovativeand uses a newly developed three-axis positioning and data acquisition system that allowsstudents to automate the sensing and data analysis of electric and

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Greg Rulifson P.E., Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Paper ID #21686Environmental Considerations in Engineering: Students’ Goals and JourneysDr. Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder Angela Bielefeldt is a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder in the Department of Civil, En- vironmental, and Architectural Engineering (CEAE). She is a licensed PE and has served as the ABET assessment coordinator in her department since 2008. Professor Bielefeldt’s research interests in en- gineering education include service-learning, sustainable engineering, social responsibility, ethics, and diversity.Dr. Greg Rulifson P.E., Colorado School of Mines Greg

Conference Session

Global and Intercultural Competency

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent K. Jesiek, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, University of California, Irvine; Qin Zhu, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

engineering education.Dr. Qin Zhu, Colorado School of Mines Qin Zhu is Research Assistant Professor in the Ethics Across Campus Program and the Division of Hu- manities, Arts & Social Sciences at Colorado School of Mines, where he is also helping with managing the Daniels Fund Faculty Fellows Program that provides scholarly and grant support for faculty to explore ways to integrate ethics into their applied science and engineering curricula. Qin is also completing his second PhD degree in the School of Engineering Education at Purdue University. Qin holds a bachelor’s degree in Materials Engineering and a PhD in Philosophy (concentration in Ethics of Technology and Engineering) from Dalian University of Technology (DUT

Conference Session

Educational & Professional Issues of Strategic Importance to the Civil Engineering Profession and ASCE II

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norman D. Dennis Jr. P.E., University of Arkansas; Decker B. Hains, Western Michigan University; Horst Brandes P.E., University of Hawaii

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

distinction between technical and professional is often blurred.Initially the committee attempted to classify all 21 proposed outcomes using both the cognitiveand affective domains. However, it proved difficult to distinguish the difference betweenTable 4. Example of Actions Demonstrating Affective Attainment. Level Example Receiving Individual reads a book passage and recognizes the relationship to ethical behavior. Responding Individual participates in a discussion about the book, reads another book by the same author or another book about ethical behavior, etc. Valuing The individual demonstrates this by voluntarily attending a

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lianne Cartee, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Hatice O. Ozturk, North Carolina State University; Frances S. Ligler, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical Engineering

professional and ethical development activities. A course brick is a course structurewith ABET student outcomes embedded in it. In the second dimension, the communitycreation, students pursue a diverse set of opportunities unique to their personal interests andgoals such as clinical, research, and entrepreneurial experiences to be realized in partnershipwith other academic divisions including the medical school, business school, college ofveterinary medicine, college of design, or college of arts and sciences. In the third dimension,professional development, students assimilate a rich set of professional skills. The pedagogicaltheory behind the 3D Undergraduate Experience is competency-based learning (CBL). CBL isespecially effective in

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer R. Amos, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Marcia Pool, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Karin Jensen, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; John Vozenilek

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

) Industry with topics in career fairstrategies, networking, information literacy, and corporate skills with a simulated industryinternship to create artificial membrane for kidney dialysis, ii) Healthcare professions with topicsin healthcare operations, emergency medicine, inpatient care, and electronic medical recordswith a clinical shadowing experience, and iii) Research with topics in experimental design,ethics, scientific literature, and translating technologies with a research laboratory shadowingexperience. Students self-selected into the three sections during an advising session and wereasked to provide information before classes started to help facilitate setting up the shadowingexperiences. Each section had the same number of lecture and

Conference Session

Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angelica Burbano, Universidad Icesi

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

the Industrial Engineering (IE) program cover the knowledge, skills,and abilities required for Icesi’s students to achieve the program’s PEOs within a few years aftergraduation. These outcomes are based on ABET definitions for student outcomes. The studentoutcomes for the IE program are: a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data c) an ability to design a system, component, or processes to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability and sustainability d) an ability to function on multidisciplinary teams

Conference Session

Embedding Sociotechnical Systems Thinking I

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jon A. Leydens, Colorado School of Mines; Kathryn Johnson, Colorado School of Mines; Stephanie Claussen, Colorado School of Mines; Jenifer Blacklock, University of Colorado, Boulder; Barbara M. Moskal, Texas Tech University; Olivia Cordova, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

-project so students can apply EM knowledge to a real(istic) scenario and the resulting consequences. Students focus on technical aspects and analyze social and technical consequences. • Redesign classroom assessment rubrics to incorporate engineering habits of mind. Include sections for systems thinking (technical aspects), innovation (design aspects), adaptations and improvements (iterative processes), socio-cultural and ethical considerations (social aspects), communication (understanding the problem and considering multiple perspectives), collaboration (teamwork and fostering new strategies), and finally sociotechnical integration (understanding emergent factors).The Projects course taught at

Conference Session

M1C: WIP - Readiness and Professional Development

Collection

2019 FYEE Conference

Authors

Jennifer L Johrendt, University of Windsor; Jennifer Laura Sears, University of Windsor

Tagged Topics

Diversity, FYEE Conference - Paper Submission

student volunteers to respond to their individualrequests. Structured programming that promotes undergraduate peer-mentors in the Faculty ofEngineering can benefit WINONE as the facilitator of these types of requests as well as thestudent mentors, ensuring that students are properly screened through application process andreceive official recognition of their service within the faculty.Iron Pin Ceremony: Despite first- and fourth-year courses that address topics like ethics and professionalism in engineering, the consensus amongst administration was that additional programming should be introduced to address academic dishonesty within the faculty. With this intention, the first

Conference Session

ChE: Bioengineering, nanotechnology, and systems engineering in the Classroom

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Danielle Amatore, Oregon State University; Shoichi Kimura, Oregon State University; Alexandre Yokochi, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

features to promoteactive learning, including (1) hands-on activities and demonstrations, (2) the integrated use ofwireless laptops through an in-house developed web-based learning tool to promotemetacognition and assessment of student learning, and (3) a capstone ethics project wherestudents complete a risk assessment of the impact of nanotechnology on society. Additionally,this course will focus on synthesizing fundamental concepts in science and engineering towardsapplications in nanotechnology. The other new sophomore course, Material and Energy Balancesin Nanotechnology (ChE 214), is a ChE specific laboratory-based course, emphasizing how thefundamental skills students have just learned couple to nanotechnology. For ChE students, theapproach

Conference Session

Design for Society and the Environment

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Pappas; Ronald Kander, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, management skills, gender issues, and professional ethics. Since 1975, Dr. Pappas has consulted on a wide variety of topics including management skills, technical and scientific writing, public speaking, interpersonal communications, sexual harassment prevention, employee relations, creative thinking, diversity, and conflict negotiation. Address: Department of Integrated Science and Technology ISAT 117 / MSC 4102 James Madison University Harrisonburg, VA 22807 PappasEC@jmu.edu 540-568-1694Ronald Kander, James Madison University Professor Kander is Director of the School of Engineering at James Madison University (JMU) where he teaches and does research in the area of polymer

Conference Session

TC2K Methods and Models

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregory Watkins, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Nan Byars, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Deborah Sharer, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

processes, d. an ability to apply creativity in the design of systems, components or processes appropriate to program objectives, e. an ability to function effectively on teams, f. an ability to identify, analyze and solve technical problems, g. an ability to communicate effectively, h. a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in lifelong learning, i. an ability to understand professional, ethical and social responsibilities, j. a respect for diversity and a knowledge of contemporary professional, societal and global issues, and k. a commitment to quality, timeliness, and continuous improvement.As part of the accreditation process, programs must demonstrate that their graduates possessthese skills and

Conference Session

BOK2 - Influencing Changes to the ABET Civil Engineering Program Criteria and Civil Engineering Curricula

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald D. Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University; John V. Tocco JD, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Paper ID #9142Adopting the BOK2 Student Outcomes: A Six-Year RetrospectiveDr. Donald D. Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University Donald D. Carpenter, PhD, PE, LEED AP is Professor of Civil Engineering where he teaches courses on ethics/professionalism and water resources. Dr. Carpenter is an accredited green design professional (LEED AP) and practicing professional engineer (PE) whose expertise includes Low Impact Development (LID), innovative stormwater best management practices (BMPs), hydrologic and stormwater modeling and design, and field data collection for performance monitoring. His University appointments

Conference Session

A Challenge to Engineering Educators

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Isolde Adriana Parker, J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah; Seetha Veeraghanta, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Page 23.478.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013Embedding Information Literacy within Undergraduate Research Page 23.478.2 Embedding Information Literacy within Undergraduate ResearchIntroductionEngineering curricula have witnessed an expansion of its subject areas to include an appreciation of“realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety,manufacturability, and sustainability” (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET), 2011-2012) [1]. More than half of eleven ABET student outcomes focus on students’abilities to view engineering within a broader

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Clayson, Laboratory for Innovative Technology and Engineering Education; P K Raju, Auburn University; Chetan Sankar, Auburn University

Case StudyThis study focuses on the effectiveness of incorporating the Laboratory for InnovativeTechnology and Engineering Education (LITEE) Lorn Manufacturing case into a seniorlevel chemical engineering unit operations course at Manhattan College. The purpose ofusing the case study is to demonstrate the relevance of ethics to chemical engineeringstudents by addressing real-life ethical problems found in the workplace.The selected LITEE case study, which involves a maintenance worker who experiencesan accident during a routine procedure, helps transfer the theory behind ethics intopractice, highlights the importance of team work, and prepares the students to evaluateand present an assigned position in the case to a panel of two attorneys. The

Conference Session

Problem-Solving & Project-Based Learning

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Neal Ninteman; John Natzke

, computerprogramming, engineering graphics, the visualization and modeling of real-world systems, andthe history and ethics of the engineering profession. The course also equips the students incomputer aided design tools, solid modeling and simulation software, and mathematics softwareapplications. Though the subject matter is somewhat traditional, innovative ways have beenintroduced of structuring the class and engaging the first-year engineering students. The primaryfocus of the course is on five major team design projects during the year, in which the studentsutilize all of their gained knowledge and training, and apply the various engineering designmethodologies and skills/tools. The design projects are presented in a variety of communicationforms

Conference Session

ASEE Multimedia Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Shelia Barnett

Participation The School of Engineering introduces students to the world of engineering through thecompletion of the freshman year course of study. The students are exposed to a freshmanengineering design course, problem solving course, and a course in ethics, in addition to thetraditional courses of calculus, physics, and chemistry. Students who wished to participate in theIFE were exposed to the world of professional career development by participating in resumeand communication workshops provided by Career Services. All entering freshman engineering students are eligible to participate in the IFE uponcompletion of their first year in the School of Engineering with at least a 2.0 GPA. Theycompleted two workshops provided by Career

Conference Session

Integrating Sustainability Across the Curriculum

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Kathryn Bauer, Rowan University; Andrea Rose McFarland, Rowan University; Mary M. Staehle, Rowan University; Kauser Jahan, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

semester is focused on engineeringmeasurements, introductory engineering principles, and transitioning to the universityenvironment. Common lecture topics include: unit conversion, note taking, problem solving,engineering judgment, and ethics. Laboratory components in the fall semester expose students tothe four major engineering disciplines offered at Rowan University. Ideally, students in eachsection perform three laboratory activities in each discipline, although each individual instructormay select experiments in alternate proportions. Examples of laboratory activities that Freshman Page 25.1467.4Engineering Clinic I students have completed

Conference Session

Expanding Access and Opportunities for M/30

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brock E. Barry P.E., U.S. Military Academy; Scott M. Katalenich, U.S. Military Academy; Brad C. McCoy, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2012-3050: STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF THE CIVIL ENGINEER-ING BODY OF KNOWLEDGEDr. Brock E. Barry P.E., U.S. Military Academy Brock Barry is a faculty member in the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering at the U.S. Military Academy. His primary teaching responsibilities are in the areas of engineering mechanics and soil mechanics. Barry holds a Ph.D. in engineering education from Purdue University. He is a licensed Professional Engineer and has 10-years of professional experience. Barry’s areas of research include applied professional ethics, identity development, non-verbal communication, and education policy.Major Scott M. Katalenich, U.S. Military Academy Scott Katalenich is an instructor in the Department

Collection

2000 Annual Conference

Authors

Marcia DeMendonca; Charles U. Okonkwo

implementedby most manufacturers is the environmental management standards (ISO 14000 standards).Design for the Environment (DFE) and affiliated tools offer an excellent approach to achievingthe environmental portion of the ISO 14000 standards. These standards are a series of voluntarymanagement or process standards developed by ISO, an international organization responsiblefor standardization. They are aimed at establishing organizational environmental ethics, andenhancing an organization’s ability to measure and attain standards of environmentalperformance. Presently, an organization chooses how much of the standards it would commit toand measure its performance against its commitment. They provide an EnvironmentalManagement System (EMS) that

Conference Session

Transgression, Conflict, and Altruism

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenna Tonn, Boston College; Avneet Hira, Boston College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

category of engineering as conflict in courses we teach. Our backgroundsin different scholarly traditions inform the ways in which we approach engineering education,which we find are often in conflict, leading to a productive tension which we hope to unpack inthis piece.Jenna Tonn: I am a historian of science and technology and I co-designed and co-teach Makingthe Modern World: Design, Ethics, and Engineering (MMW) with an industrial systemsengineer. MMW is a 6-credit course for first-year students that integrates the modern history oftechnology and engineering as it relates to equity and justice with an introduction to engineeringfundamentals and engineering design. MMW fulfills a number of requirements for engineers andnon-engineers. For all

Collection

1997 Annual Conference

Authors

John Valasek

their effect on the vehicle is a major concern 11.Although perceived by many as a natural or inherent understanding, engineering ethics must betaught. Typical issues which aircraft design students should be required to addresses in opendiscussions in the classroom include: "How safe is !Safe Enough ?" "If it is not practical orpossible to design for zero accidents, then how many fatalities are acceptable?"; "Should wedesign and operate aircraft which carry 1,000+ passengers in spite of the potential for large lossof life should one of them crash?". Although rhetorical in nature these questions serve tostimulate critical thinking. COURSE STRUCTUREAt Western Michigan University AE 469 Airplane Design is a three

Conference Session

CE Capstone: Innovations in Learning & Assessment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregg Fiegel, California Polytechnic State University; Jay DeNatale, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

similar courses7. In our course,local professionals presented lessons and exercises on various topics including ethics, Page 15.283.3professional licensure, leadership, communication, and project management. Course contentfocused on topics emphasized in two textbooks on project management 8,9.In addition to participating in discussions with practitioners and completing supplementalassignments, the students in our professional practice course completed a Statement ofQualifications (SOQ) for a local engineering project. The students worked in teams of four tosix students during the entire quarter to complete a written SOQ document. At the end of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Norb Delatte, Cleveland State University; Patricia Ralston, University of Louisville; Matthew Roberts, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Pamalee Brady, California Polytechnic State University; Manoochehr Zoghi, Cal State Fresno; D. Joseph Hagerty, University of Louisville; Xiong Yu, Case Western Reserve University

largepart, the story of failures, both imminent and actual, and of the changes to designs, standards andprocedures made as the result of timely interventions or forensic analyses. In addition totechnical issues, concepts such as professional and ethical responsibility are highlighted byfailure cases. Pilot studies have been carried out over several semesters to assess the use offailure case studies in civil engineering and engineering mechanics courses at Cleveland StateUniversity under an earlier NSF project. Student learning has been assessed through surveys aswell as focus groups, led by researchers from the Cleveland State University College ofEducation and Human Services. Students were asked specifically about the technical lessonslearned, as

Conference Session

International Forum Poster Session & Welcome Reception: Sponsored by Quanser and Cypress Semiconductors

Collection

2012 ASEE International Forum

Authors

Young Uk Kim, Myongji University

Tagged Topics

ASEE International Forum

ethics, as well asteam workers who communicate well with others for environmentally friendly and sustainable design.creative problem solving. (Burghardt, 1999) Students conduct two projects during the semesterFundamental abilities underlying creativity include that illustrate the basic concepts and materialsprofessional knowledge about engineering design, required of civil and environmental engineering.responsibility, good teamwork, high ethicalstandards, and lifelong study. Many universities havedeveloped generic introductory courses designed to 2. CONTENTS AND PRACTICAL EXERCISEfoster creativity. However, courses that are nottailored to the

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Programs II

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Kimberly Whelan; Sharon Jones

suggested by NAE with the assumption that ASCE’s recommendations are included in this combination. For comparison, two sample undergraduate civil engineering curricula are shown from the top undergraduate engineering programs according to the 2004 US News and World. The authors do not endorse this ranking system, but merely use it for illustration purposes. The authors also took the liberty of assigning named courses to various ABET/NAE skills which may be controversial given our significant lack of knowledge of the details of each program. We recognize that some of the skills may be obtained in a variety of courses that cannot be interpreted from the name of the course e.g. ethics may be incorporated in design courses. In addition

Conference Session

Global Issues in Engineering Education

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

Renato Pacheco; Lucia Helena Martins-Pacheco

and values inScience, Technology and Society (STS) approaches. In fact, those aspects motivate individualsand societies to define actions, rules, ethical codes and moral procedures that legitimate actionsand achievements in all areas. Then, it is necessary to put those subjects together witheconomical aspects (such as competitiveness, productivity, and profitableness), social issues(such as unemployment, social mobility, and poverty), environmental questions (such as Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Page 9.25.3 Copyright © 2004, American Society for