Conference Session

Committee on Instructional Technology Presents: Gamers

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott M. Katalenich, Ph.D., United States Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky, P.E., United States Military Academy; Roderick Wilson; Kevin Taylor Scruggs, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

. Theauthors also present the use of the demonstrator within the context of an infrastructureengineering course within a civil engineering program. Lastly, the authors present their plan toassess the demonstrator’s effectiveness in helping students achieve identified learning objectives.IntroductionCivil engineers are responsible for designing the infrastructure society requires. The largeinvestments on civil works projects made by local, state, and national governments requiretrained professionals who understand the interdependencies between various sectors ofinfrastructure and how nearly every facet of society depends upon the built environment. Prior to2008, civil engineering educators discovered a major void in curriculum as few, if any

Conference Session

Technology Integration in Manufacturing Curriculum

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hugh Jack P. Eng., Western Carolina University; Scott C. Rowe, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing Division (MFG)

well prepared to build and maintain PLCbased systems in industry. Some 4-year schools teach PLCs in their Engineering Technology andEngineering programs. Students that graduate from these programs are able to move into systemdesign and planning roles. Students that learn to design and implement PLC-based systems areeasily employed in some of the highest-paying jobs.PLC courses normally include laboratory and/or project components. Students learn to usehardware and software from a particular vendor. While PLC vendors often offer generousdiscounts for education, the cost to outfit a laboratory is still very high. And, licensing limitationsoften prevent students from installing software on their own computers.The OpenPLC open source PLC software

Conference Session

Continuing Professional Development Division (CPD) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Albertus Retnanto, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Nayef Alyafei, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Mohamed Fadlelmula, Texas A&M University at Qatar; Saba Hanif Khan, Texas A&M University at Qatar

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development Division (CPD)

©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Active Student Engagement in Learning using Virtual Reality Technology in Engineering Education to Strengthen Professional SkillsAbstractSeveral skills are needed and, most of the time, are required by the accreditation bodies as part ofthe preparation for entering the professional practice of engineering. Academic institutionsrequire vision, planning, and time and budget allocation to achieve these objectives. Students arerequired to produce solutions to meet the specific consideration. For that reason, practicalexperience in engineering principles is the key to enhancing student knowledge in engineeringeducation.Virtual reality (VR) technology can be implemented to simulate the real

Conference Session

CIT Division Technical Session #11

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peng Li, East Carolina University

the survey, we plan to add more detailed feedback tosome questions on Canvas and provide more instructions on how to troubleshoot problems inhands-on labs to help students learn better.REFERENCES[1] R. T. Abler, D. Contis, J. B. Grizzard, and H. L. Owen, "Georgia tech information security center hands-on network security laboratory," IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 82-87, 2006, doi: 10.1109/TE.2005.858403.[2] J. C. Brustoloni, "Laboratory experiments for network security instruction," J. Educ. Resour. Comput., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 5–es, 2006, doi: 10.1145/1248453.1248458.[3] P. Li and T. Mohammed, "Integration of virtualization technology into network security laboratory," in 2008 38th Annual

Conference Session

Computers in Education 5 - Modulus 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yamuna Rajasekhar, zyBooks, A Wiley Brand; Chelsea Gordon, zyBooks, A Wiley Brand; Chi Yan Leung, zyBooks, A Wiley Brand; Efthymia Kazakou, zyBooks, A Wiley Brand

square lab and the Volume of arectangular box lab. With thoughtful planning on the difficulties and arrangement of labs,students can learn the more challenging concepts in assembly programming effectively. Figure 10: Median number of total program runs per student for each COD lab. Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval. Figure 11: Median number of total minutes spent per student for each COD lab. Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval.Figure 12 shows the median number of program runs for each COD lab in the development andsubmission mode. The data suggests that students are utilizing the built-in simulator to developand troubleshoot their programs. This observation is

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session: Pedagogy and Curriculum

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Waterloo Tsutsui, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Kenneth Park; Christopher Sculley, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Ian Copenhaver, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Marcial Gonzalez; Wayne Chen; George Takahashi; Michael Sangid

implement the VLs. AAE 35201 is a one-credit laboratory course inaerospace structural mechanics [1] that accompanies AAE 35200 Structural Analysis I Lecture([40], [41]), which is a three-credit lecture course. The AAE 35201 lab course deals withbending members (i.e., Labs 1, 2, and 4), torsion members (i.e., Lab 3), buckling members (i.e.,Lab 5), and rotating-bending members (i.e., Lab 6A), and stress concertation (i.e., Lab 6B) asoutlined in Table 1. For the physical labs, we currently have Labs 1–6A. On the other hand, Lab6B, the stress concentration lab, is presently a virtual-only lab that we implemented in 2020–2021. Although it is labeled Lab 6B and is a part of Lab 6, it can be inserted into any lab,allowing for course planning and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl Bodnar, Rowan University; Jeffrey Stransky, Rowan University; Cayla Ritz, Rowan University; Emily Dringenberg, The Ohio State University; Elif Miskioglu, Bucknell University

of this pilot canadequately answer our four research questions with access to a larger sample size.Future WorkUpon amending the study based on community feedback obtained during the ASEE NSF postersession, we will expand this study during the fall 2022 semester to include fifteen engineeringstudents, tripling the sample size of this pilot. We also plan to run this same study withpractitioners (after performing a pilot) to investigate if any differences exist between these twopopulations.AcknowledgementsThis work is supported by NSF Research in the Formation of Engineers [RFE DUE# 2113844,2113845, 2113846]. This work is also supported by the USDE Graduate Assistance in Areas ofNational Need (GAANN) Fellowship [P200A180055]. We would also like

Collection

2004 GSW

Authors

Ahmed Musa; Virgilio Gonzalez

Texas at El Paso (UTEP). Virgilio Gonzalez was employed at the ITESM South Zone Regionas Telecommunications Director between 1989 and 1993. From 1996 to 2001 he worked in ALESTRA, theMexican subsidiary of AT&T as a Technology Planning Manager. He was in charge of the development ofnew network architectures for AT&T in Mexico. He received in September 2001 the appointment ofVisiting Assistant Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at UTEP. SinceSeptember 2003 Virgilio Gonzalez is an Assistant Professor in the same department. His areas of interestare in data communications, optical networking, high performance protocols and telecommunicationnetworks.Mehdi Shadaram received a B.S.E.E. degree from the University of

Collection

2004 GSW

Authors

Mohammed E. Haque; Salim Saherwala

as an effective self-directed tool for open learning via the web. IntroductionIn the design of reinforced concrete structure, formwork design plays a crucial role. It is veryimportant for a designer to consider economy while planning the formwork for the reinforcedconcrete structure. Efficient and economical use of the material of which the forms are built is anintegral part of the design process. The forms for a concrete structure may cost more than theconcrete or the reinforcing steel; and, in some instances, they may cost more than the concreteand the reinforcing steel together (Peurifoy, 1976). The cost of formwork is significant, generallyamounting to anywhere from 40% to 60% of the cost of a

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Ray Bachnak; Mike Englert

Tests Plan and ResultsThe Fluke logger was set up in the Control room close to the base station. This set upwas used for two reasons. The available power supply in the room was needed and it wasfavorable to be near the base station. The author needed to be nearby in order to start thesystem and the software logging at close intervals. This would also make troubleshootingeasier. When the operation of the Fluke system was verified, the circuits wereconstructed. The thermocouple was attached to the 1.0 K-Ohm resistor and the frontleads of the Fluke data logger were attached to the capacitor. The dc power supply wasset to 25 Volts and output was in the off state. The resistor with the thermocouple waspositioned to one side and the RC circuit on

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Randall D. Manteufel; Ramon Rodriguez; Kerry O’Connor; Jason Torres

consumption, compare results, and compute savings. Two planned experimentsdemonstrate variations in the system using up to two VFDs, two motor-pump combinations, amanual flow control valve, and an electronic flow control valve. The system is instrumentedwith electronic flow meters and pressure transducers, and integrated into the Labviewinstrumentation control and data acquisition software. IntroductionA VFD works by varying the frequency and amplitude of the input to the electric motor to adjustthe motor speed depending on the system’s demand1. The amplitude and frequency are varied bythe VFD through a series of conversions that change the AC power to DC power, and then themodified AC power is matched to the

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Phillip I. Wilson; John D. Fernandez

systems. Future Plans With an established research environment, the next goal is to research the ability forrecognition of facial features that dictate general human emotions, like happy and sad.Recognition of human emotion would require detection and analysis of the various elements of ahuman face, like the brow and the mouth, to determine an individual’s current expression. Theexpression can then be compared to what is considered to be the basic signs of an emotion. Thisresearch will be used in the field human-computer interaction to analyze the emotions oneexhibits while interacting with a user interface. References 1. M. Bishop. Computer Security

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

M.K. Balasubramanya

permissible for an engineer to seal plans notprepared by her or checked/reviewed by her in detail, and relying entirely on subordinateengineers without a PE status who prepared it? 6. Is it ethically permissible for anengineer to take recourse to what he considers a convenient and safe procedure to dealwith a chemical waste, even though it is in violation of EPA regulations? 7. Was Ford’sdecision, based on cost-benefit analysis, to put its model Pinto on the market ethicallydefensible, even though it had known fuel tank safety flaws that could have been easilyfixed? Was it ethically permissible for engineering personnel at McDonnell-Douglas tobe silent about known problems with the company's DC-10 aircraft's cargo-hold door,which resulted in one air

Collection

2005 GSW

Authors

Kambiz Farahmand; Kai Jin

(5) Manufacturing Process, Quality Control and Safety (6) Economics and Management Science (7) Research in Major AreaProgram CoordinationDuring the first year of this program, classes were held at the twin plants located in Reynosa,Mexico. They were later relocated to Hidalgo Texas, a small town by the borderimmediately north of Reynosa. Exploring the challenges involved in distant learningreentered by the brevity of resources, and yet planning to maintain a quality and successfulprogram was the issue to be addressed in the near future. Proceedings of the 2005 ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Copyright

Collection

2022 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Yang-Seon Kim; Keren Tshimanga

positive andpromising. This project delighted students and improved the student’s confidence in variousaspects of thermodynamic system problem solving; 1) making assumptions to solve the problems,2) collecting, analyzing, and presenting data, 3) applying knowledge in real-engineeringthermodynamics systems, 4) use equations to solve the problems, and 5) suggest engineeringsolutions. Due to the positive feedback we received with implementing the PBL methodology, theauthors and instructors will revise and modify the project and are planning to integrate the projectinto the class project from Fall 2022 (it will not be optional).AcknowledgementThis content was created through the author’s work with the Kern Entrepreneurial EngineeringNetwork (KEEN) and

Collection

2022 ASEE - North Central Section Conference

Authors

Paul Holloway, Ohio Northern University; Lee Fricke; Grant Allen Crites; Kevin Neil McLane

other user supplied lock. The fullrack assembly can be seen in Figure 10. The majority of the rack will be made out of square steeltubing, which is 2” x 2” and 0.12” thick on top and on the sides with ¼” thick sections used onthe bottom pieces. Originally, the whole rack was planned to be made from the 0.12” thicksquare stock steel, but after tipping calculations were completed using a simple moment equationon the bottom corner, the ¼” thick square stock was chosen to be used on the bottom. Thischange increased the weight at the bottom of the rack significantly, minimizing the effect of theheight of the rack on the moment equation. 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference

Authors

La'Tonia Stiner-Jones, The Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

for success as a graduate student. Thus far,80% of our participants are currently enrolled in or have accepted admission to a graduateprogram. Thus far, all of the participants have been URM’s. Our outcomes indicate that wehave been successful at helping to prepare students for success in graduate school and increasediversity of BMMB at the graduate level.Future WorkWe plan to continue tracking participant progress through their degrees and into the careers theypursue in comparison to their original intent as reported during the program.This research is supported by the National Science Foundation grant number 1852298. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 2022 ASEE Illinois-Indiana Section Conference

Conference Session

Technical Session 1 - Paper 4: The Sweet Sounds of Coding: promoting digital inclusion via remote instruction of introductory Python in a musical context

Collection

2022 CoNECD (Collaborative Network for Engineering & Computing Diversity)

Authors

Sommer Anjum, University of Pittsburgh; Maria K Jantz, University of Pittsburgh; Kirk Holbrook; James M Churilla, Pittsburgh Public Schools Pittsburgh Miller PreK-5

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

, worked on theSims, Tiger Woods golf, will probably do more amazing things in her career Instructor meetings • Recap previous lesson • Pinpoint where students did not understand concepts • Review next week's topics Adjust lesson plan INSTANTLY based on instructor recommendations - -> dynamic curriculum and instruction style Recap email to students after every classTHE SWEET SOUNDS OF CODING CONECD 2022 Both platforms The virtual classroom MS Teams Allowed audio/video • Hosted by Pittsburgh Public Schools sharing • Instructors were not allowed to host

Collection

2022 ASEE - North Central Section Conference

Authors

Wookwon Lee P.E., Gannon University; Nicholas B Conklin, Gannon University

electrical engineering at the sophomore level. While students are generallyfamiliar with op amps by the time they begin research, concepts such as transimpedance andtransconductance amplifiers are topics that even senior students do not routinely encounter.Furthermore, in beginning coursework, students typically focus on the behavior of a single op amprather than using several to create a more complex circuit. Understanding and debugging a muchmore complex circuit provides students with a rich opportunity to learn beyond what is typicallyoffered in the classroom. The tuning of each stage (through adjusting resistor and capacitor values)of the circuit requires careful planning to ensure proper operation (without clipping) over the entiredesired

Conference Session

Technical Session M1

Collection

2022 First-Year Engineering Experience

Authors

Madison Jeffrey, University of Michigan; Robin Fowler, University of Michigan; Mark Mills, UM, Center for Academic Innovation

Tagged Topics

Diversity, Works In Progress

show if those significantlydifferent ratings are being received from a group of peers with specific identities. We plan toconsider the characteristics that students are being rated on and if certain identities are scoredhigher or lower in a characteristic compared to others. Understanding trends across identities andaccounting for group variances [11] will provide a better understanding of what impacts ratingsbeyond individual variance, and we can gain this understanding in the next steps of the study.Highlighting the potential conflicts present in peer assessment would serve to advance theimportant equity efforts universities are undertaking across the nation. As more research isconducted showing the ways in which assessment ratings can be

Collection

ASEE Middle Atlantic 2022 Fall Conference

Authors

Kayode D Dunkel Vance, Howard University, USRA NAMS Student R&D Program; Nadir Yilmaz, Howard University

and Sustainable AviationAbstractThe aim of this study was to process large data sets obtained from NASA and to estimate theemissions for traditional jet fuel through calculating the path lengths of aircrafts. Computationalanalyses were performed, in collaboration with NASA and Universities Space ResearchAssociation, as part of a summer research program for undergraduate students. A program usingPython was developed to process the NASA Sherlock data to obtain aircraft details and flightpaths. Altitude independent emissions were then estimated for traditional jet fuel. The paper alsodescribes future research plans for altitude dependent emissions, implementation of an approachfor sustainable aviation fuels, and high performance computing

Collection

2023 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

Todd R Hamrick, West Virginia University

, 2015[6] U.S. Department of Education, Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Policy Development,Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning; A Meta-Analysis and Review ofOnline Learning Studies. Washington, D.C., 2010.[7] J. L. Hess, & L. G. Kisselburgh, & C. B. Zoltowski, A. O. & Brightman, “The Developmentof Ethical Reasoning: A Comparison of Online versus Hybrid Delivery Modes of EthicsInstruction” Paper presented at 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, New Orleans,Louisiana. 10.18260/p.26125, 2016[8] K. E. Holbert, “Comparison of Traditional Face-to-Face and Online Student Performance inTwo Online-Delivered Engineering Technical Electives” Paper presented at 2017 PacificSouthwest Section Meeting, Tempe

Collection

2023 ASEE North Central Section Conference

Authors

John K. Estell, Ohio Northern University; Stephany Coffman-Wolph, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

) and Computers in Education (CoED) divisions, and with the Ad Hoc Committee on Interdivisional Cooperation, Interdivisional Town Hall Planning Commit- tee, ASEE Active, and the Committee on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. Estell has received multiple ASEE Annual Conference Best Paper awards from the Computers in Education, First-Year Programs, and Design in Engineering Education Divisions. He has also been recognized by ASEE as the recipient of the 2005 Merl K. Miller Award and by the Kern Entrepreneurial Engineering Network (KEEN) with the 2018 ASEE Best Card Award. Estell received the First-Year Programs Division’s Distinguished Service Award in 2019. Estell currently serves as an ABET Commissioner and as a

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Capstone Projects

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jeunghwan Choi, Central Washington University; Charles Pringle, Central Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

time on task did not necessarily yield a better score. It is assumed that theadditional data to be obtained in the near future (i.e., Spring Quarter data) will allow the authorsto clearly gauge whether total time on task correlated with the final score students received for agiven Quarter. Additional work is also planned to review historical data on recurring projects tosee if it provides any additional information.IntroductionThe senior students at Central Washington University’s Mechanical Engineering Technologyprogram are required to complete a year-long Capstone requirement through Senior Project (SP)I/ II/ III. During Fall quarter (SP I) the focus is on design, where students work on the design andanalysis of their project. Analysis also

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rebecca Machen, University of Colorado Boulder; Wysheka Austin, Clemson University; Matthew K. Voigt, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

pool with limited prior exposure in dealing with racial microaggressions. There were a variety of actions faculty would take to address the microaggression. Tentimes, faculty members said they would discuss classroom norms, and nine times, theycondemned the comment made in the chat. On four occurrences, faculty members noted thevalue diversity brings to the classroom environment; three times, they said they would pause toaddress the comment or would plan to address it in a future class; and, twice, faculty memberssaid they would affirm how Shawna belongs in the class and would invite students to talk tothem one-on-one at a later time. These efforts suggest that most faculty members wanted to callattention to the microaggression and

Conference Session

Computing and Information Technology Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Alireza Kavianpour, DeVry University, Pomona; John Castellanos, DeVry University, Pomona; Adam Doty, DeVry University, Pomona; Michael Sweeting, DeVry University, Pomona; Isasio Velez, DeVry University, Pomona; Nathan Watson , DeVry University, Pomona

Tagged Divisions

Computing and Information Technology

the pandemic.Given current events and the potential of this project, it is easy to observe many applications forthis adaptable technology.8- References1- Buchla, D. M., & Floyd, T. L. DC/AC Fundamentals. Up Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2013.2- Mazidi, J. G., Mazidi, M. A., & McKinlay, R. D. The 8051 microcontroller and embeddedsystems: Using Assembly and C (2nd ed., Vol. 1). Prentice Hall, 2006.3- Herrick, M. Planning and maintaining hospital air isolation rooms, hfmmagazine.com, 2017.4- Falke, Rob. 'Doc’., Use the Air Changes Calculation to Determine Room CFMhttps://www.contractingbusiness.com/service/article/20868246/, 20165-“Airborne Infection Isolation Rooms.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC,2020.6-Airborne infection

Conference Session

Making in Design Education

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Matthew Wettergreen, Rice University; Joshua Brandel

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

workshop with instructor to extend planning. A variety of power/ speed proficiency of machine usage. combinations need to be controlled. Plasma cutter operation and Plasma cut and post-process a The plasma cutter is accurate but imprecise, usage. Out-of-class: one-on-one demonstration piece ⊿◐ tracing the desired path but with a varyingPlasma cutting workshop with instructor to extend width of kerf and leaving the part edges proficiency of machine usage. messy and uneven

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Robert L. Potter, University of South Florida; Gerry G. Meisels, University of South Florida; Peter Stiling, University of South Florida; Kevin Yee, University of South Florida; Ruthmae Sears, University of South Florida ; Catherine A. Beneteau, University of South Florida; Kelley G. Schuler, University of South Florida; Alberto Danny Camacho, Hillsborough Community College; Scott W. Campbell, University of South Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

that valueslearning-centered inclusive instruction using evidence-based teaching (EBT) methods. Theoverarching goals for the project are to increase student preparation and retention in STEMdisciplines.We seek to meet these goals via a number of different thrusts (or categorized interventions),which were described in more detail in a previous paper [1]. Now, the project (funded by a five-year NSF-IUSE implementation grant, following an NSF WIDER planning grant) is in its no-cost extension year and we are positioned to do some reporting on project impacts, along withsharing some lessons learned.We will begin by reviewing the program thrusts and estimating the number of faculty, graduateassistants and/or students impacted, as appropriate. Next

Conference Session

Design Methodologies 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico; Madalyn Wilson-Fetrow, University of New Mexico; Yan Chen, University of New Mexico; Eva Chi, University of New Mexico; Abhaya K. Datye, University of New Mexico; Sang M. Han, University of New Mexico; Jamie Gomez, University of New Mexico; Andrew Olewnik, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, and the nature ofthe relationships between them [7]. Such problems are also situated and discipline specific [7],often requiring significant technical knowledge. In engineering design, problems are complexbecause variables commonly suggest an impractically large experimental space. For instance,consider a capstone design team trying to plan physical tests of a stent to determine conditionsunder which it would be effective. They might consider technical variables such as temperature,pressure, radial force, and particulate size. The number of possible variable combinations is toolarge to run every possible test, assuming each test takes 30 minutes. But beyond the technicalconsiderations are social factors. If a stent is to be used in a living

Conference Session

Preparing Engineering Students for Their Professional Practice

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jia Zhu, Florida International University; Ellen Zerbe, Pennsylvania State University; Monique S. Ross, Florida International University; Catherine G. P. Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

interviewsAcademic Career Skills - Writing research and teaching statements - Identify career pathways - Goal setting - Writing research publications including journals, papers, Academic Writing technical documents, etc. - Writing and reviewing grants - Identify careers that match goals Career Planning - Prepare for job applications - Postdocs job fairs/workshops - Attending conferences/seminars/workshops - Delivering research presentationsCommunication Skills - Interacting and collaborating with other researchers