Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Connecting Middle School Students’ Personal Interests, Self-efficacy, andPerceptions of Engineering to Develop a Desire to Pursue Engineering Career Pathways (Work in Progress)AbstractWith the increased exposure to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)through activities in-school and out-of-school K-12 learning environments and representation inmedia outlets, students who attend our summer engineering intervention tend to articulate a moreholistic understanding of the role of engineers within society. However, despite this increasedexposure and a diverse understanding, students from diverse backgrounds (e.g.,racially/ethnically diverse and women) still pursue
success of our program is to use entry and exit surveys to gauge thechange in students’ perceptions of their abilities and learning environment. In particular, we areinterested in the difference between URM students’ and non-URM students’ perceptions of theirabilities and the learning environments in these courses.In the present study, our overarching research question is: Do underrepresented students andnon-underrepresented students show a statistically significant difference in their perceptions oftheir abilities and learning environment as measured by self-efficacy, intimidation byprogramming, and feelings of inclusion?This paper presents entry and exit survey results from three semesters (Fall 2017, Winter 2018,and Fall 2018) of two
college. This study presented assessment data from a NSFI-Corps site program at a Southwestern university to understand the impact of the program onundergraduate and graduate engineering students’ knowledge, perceptions, and practice ofentrepreneurship. In the four-cohort assessment data, participants indicated significantlyincreased confidence in value proposition, self-efficacy in entrepreneurship, and customerdiscovery, while maintaining high interest in entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the data indicatedthat participants with a GO decision (to continue pursuing their technology) had significantlyhigher perception on the current status of technology and business model than did participantswith a no-GO/unsure decision. In addition, this study
women, and how those stereotypic beliefs are related to engagement in computingacross time. Our research took place over the course of a year, and involved two time points of datacollection. During the first time point, we measured women’s stereotypic beliefs about gender aptitudein computing, as well as their self-conceptions in computing (i.e. self-efficacy, belonging, andidentification with computing). One year later, we measured women’s self-conceptions again, as well aswhether women had participated in collaborative learning activities during the past year. We thengauged the link between stereotype endorsement and self-conceptions, and whether that link wassevered among women who had participated in collaborative learning. We expected that
specific questions and aspects of the engineering design process,brainstorming ideas, and actively engaging in research as a team. Observations have revealedstrong student engagement in course activities and evidence of faculty following the ARG model.4.3 EDSE InstrumentThe EDSE instrument is a 36-item questionnaire designed to measure students' self-conceptstoward engineering design tasks. It assesses four areas related to engineering identity developmentusing a scale of 0 to 100 (0 = low level; 50 = moderate level; 100 = high level). The areas assessedinclude: self-efficacy, motivation, expectancy, and anxiety. In each area the following engineeringdesign tasks were assessed: conducting engineering design, identifying a design need, researchinga
engineering technology for elementary students Abstract Mentoring is being prevalently used in higher education. Traditionally, these programsare unidirectional that includes forward knowledge transfer. The internal mechanism of howto form an effective mentoring relationship between mentors and mentees is unclear. This pilotstudy focused on Person-Environment (P-E) fit perspective and zeroed in on how the mentor-mentee relationship affect mentees’ self-efficacy. We conducted semi-structured interviews withthree mentees to explore how P-E fit affected their self-efficacy. This qualitative study is a pilotstudy, future data collection and analysis will continue
and perceptions regarding engineering.Additionally, changes in teachers’ self-efficacy of teaching engineering and students’ attitudesabout science and engineering were measured. This article discusses the value of elementaryengineering education in rural communities.Keywords: Engineering education; professional development; elementary; rural schoolsIntroduction Science education in elementary (K-6) curriculum is often lacking and leads towidespread lack of preparation and misconceptions about fundamental science ideas in middleand high school students.1 Researchers have documented that elementary classroom scienceinstruction is typically limited and of low quality.2,3,4,5 Further, results from a 2013 nationalsurvey indicated that
SketchTivity?A Drawing Self-Efficacy Instrument was used to measure the pre and post self-efficacy of studentswho practiced using SketchTivity[25]. The instrument consisted of 13 items and the average ofdrawing self-efficacy score was calculated for each student.B. ParticipantsThe participants in this study consisted of undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in fourcourses at three different institutions. Out of a total of 138 students enrolled in three courses atthree institutions, 137 students responded to Q1 and Q2; 109, 88, and 65 participants respondedTable 1: Demographics of the participants Participant demographcis Percentage Men 76.09% Women 18.84% First-generation 10.14
Test of Scientific Literacy Skills (TOSLS) was developed to measures skill related tomajor aspects of scientific literacy [13]. The TOSLS test had multiple-choice questions, and thestudents were required to circle the best responses to the test items. Also, the test items areclassified into several SL categories and data analysis of these categories gave greater insightsinto specific SL skills. The surveys utilized a 5-point Likert scale that allowed the students toself-report and provide a rating on various SL and self-efficacy statements listed in the survey.The students also provided short statement responses to open ended questions. During focusgroup sessions, the students shared the opinions and suggestions to improve their SL
Tuijl and van der Molen(2015) maintained that male and female STEM role models are particularly important forchildren. Holmes, Gore, Smith, and Lloyd (2017) studied children ages 8-18 and found anincrease in STEM interest for students who have a parent working in a STEM occupation. Theysuggest that those without a parent working in a STEM field are left with teachers and schoolguidance counselors to promote STEM careers in order to foster an interest.Grounded in Bandura’s (1977) social cognitive theory, social cognitive career theory (SCCT)focuses on three primary mechanisms that drive career decisions: self-efficacy, outcomeexpectations, and goals (Lent, Brown and Hackett, 1994). Self-efficacy is defined as perceivedcapability to perform a
: Measures: Self-efficacy, Self-efficacy, interest, interest, outcome expectations, identity outcome expectations, identity Datasources: Data sources: Intrapersonal Intrapersonal factors factors survey, interviews, and focus groups survey, interviews, and focus
demographics were effect coded as dichotomous variables:gender (female = 1 vs. male = -1; other genders were present in very small numbers and wereeliminated from the analysis) and international status (U.S. citizen or permanent resident = -1 vs.international student = 1). Instructional modality was also effect coded as a dichotomous variable(remote = -1 vs. traditional = 1).Additional scales used in this study included those associated with task value, self-efficacy,participation, TA support, faculty support, and positive emotional engagement. Sample items,primary scales as well as the source of these scales are noted in Table 1.Table 1: Independent and Dependent Variables(𝛼 =Cronbach's Alpha measure of internal consistency) References Primary
to students and Experiences local community Iteration – opportunity to review, revise, improve lessons based on measurable outcomes Focusing pedagogical shifts/PD within one content area creates relevance but allows for impact across all content areas Affective Success/student engagement begets positive affective state leads to States increased self-efficacy Verbal Support and collaboration from administration persuasion On-going touchpoints, check-ins for continuous learning, reflection, collaborationSummer institutesTeacher participants began the [Anonymous
fields likescience, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). As the U.S. experiences a decline in skilledSTEM workers and a growing number of racial/ethnic minorities, it is critical that more attentionbe paid to the college success of underrepresented populations majoring in STEM. While somestrategies for increasing STEM student success have focused on social-psychological factorssuch as academic self-efficacy and resilience, little attention has been given to these factorsamong specific minority groups in STEM such as Black men. To extend the current literature,interviews with 27 Black male collegians majoring in engineering or engineering-related fieldswere analyzed through the lens of the ‘buoyant believers’ framework. Based on the model
designed to positively impact the retention of engineeringmajors in early career engineering courses. We build on prior work in this area through our focuson two important aspects of classroom instruction: classroom community and relevancy. In thistwo-year project, faculty from engineering and science education have teamed together to design,implement, and study a number of interventions related to classroom community and relevancy.As proxies for retention, we used three measures to examine specific constructs: engineeringidentity, engineering self-efficacy, and sense of community. In addition, we used the COPUSobservational protocol to examine instructional differences between treatment and controlcourses.In the first two iterations of the
) The relationship between mathematics self-efficacy and achievement in mathematics. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, 953-957.Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.Barker, F.J. (2010). The effects of an engineering-mathematics course on freshmen students’ mathematics self-efficacy. (unpublished master’s thesis). Washington State University, Pullman, WA.Bourne, A.L., Ciarallo, F.W., Klingbeil, N.W. (2015) Measuring the impact of a mathematics intervention on student mathematics self-efficacy: Development and application of revised measurement tool. Proceedings 122nd ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Seattle WA, June 2015.Bourne, A.L
overarching goals that are the focus of all Creative Design sections.Areas of common measurement included; (1) Creative Self-Efficacy and Creative Role-Identity,(2) Ideation Capacity and (3) Creativity in Engineering Design (Artifacts).Creative self-efficacy is one’s belief that they are able to design creative products6. Researchcompleted by Tierney and Farmer reported that creative self-efficacy is a predictor of creativedesign performance. The Creative Self-Efficacy and Creative Role-Identity Scale was identifiedas an appropriate instrument to measure student growth through a pretest/posttest researchdesign.7 Surveys completed in Fall 2016 and Spring 2017 indicated that students from educationschool majors (n=33) have the lowest reported average
persistence in engineering as part of the CAEE’s (2007) Academic PathwaysStudy (APS), which identified 21 variables for persistence in engineering. The instrument’soverall goal was to collect data utilizing relevant questions from each survey instrument onindividuals’ experiences and perceptions during their K-14 and academic careers and to create acomprehensive picture of the culture-sharing group – in this case, the young women that hadpersisted in the research site’s College of Engineering.The MSLQ questions were used to identify within the results a measure of motivationalorientation for college engineering students (Pintrich et al., 1991) and examine women’s feelingsof self-efficacy to determine if patterns existed among the women in the
-efficacy scale, Riggs and Enochs’ [13]science teaching efficacy beliefs, Bandura’s [14] teacher self-efficacy scale and the Tschannen-Moran and Hoy’s [15] Ohio State teacher efficacy scale.Students' responses to the measures of math/science self-efficacy, math/science outcomeexpectations, and critical thinking were examined over time to see if there were significantchanges from the pre-test completed prior to the camps to the post-test that was completed at theend of the two-week camps. Of the 98 students who completed the pre-test surveys, 67 hadmatching post-test data for analyzing changes on the outcome variables over time. Resultsrevealed that students exhibited statistically significant increases in two of the three variables.Over the two
-sectionally [1], but also showed an increase in innovativeness when it wasmeasured before and after a project course [2] as well as when measured longitudinally for thesame group of students [3]. These mixed results indicate that a deeper understanding is neededabout the factors influencing the development of innovativeness in engineering students.Recently, two constructs have received special attention with regards to engineer innovativeness:empathy and self-efficacy, i.e. feeling and understanding the experiences of others and believingin one’s own ability to perform tasks. Research suggests that empathy in engineering and designcomprises of intrinsic skills, observable actions, and a holistic mindset [4], and can helpdesigners understand and care
area involvesuniversities with small proportions of URMs. Thus, continued study of the impact of thesefactors on more diverse student populations is also necessary to better capture the calculusexperience of URM engineering majors. The purpose of the study was to examine student andclassroom-level factors that influence course performance measured by course grade. This studyfocused on two engineering-related psychosocial factors: (1) engineering self-efficacy and (2)engineering sense of belonging, and three mathematics-specific psychological factors which werefer to as math motivators, (1) math interest, (2) self-concept, and (3) anxiety. Classroom levelfactors included active engagement practices, proportion of females, proportion of
will have adirect and positive effect on grade performance.2.0 Study OverviewThis study is intended as a pilot study of the measures of social belonging in an engineeringclassroom. Data were collected from an introductory level solid mechanics class at a privateuniversity in the United States. Most student respondents were beginning their engineeringacademic careers, mostly as sophomore students taking their first-ever engineering specificcourse. The instrument used to measure engineering self-efficacy was developed by our researchteam. The instruments used to measure social belonging, engineering identity and interpersonalcloseness have strong research pedigrees but have never been used in this novel combination.2.1 Measuring Social Belonging
givenapproximately three assignments throughout the semester that required them to sketchorthographic projections and isometric views of objects. These assignments were designed tohelp improve spatial visualization ability. However, the class was generally focused on 3Dmodeling skills and SolidWorks operation, and not on spatial visualization ability.A survey was also administered to assess self-efficacy and to ask the students about how helpfulthey found the different learning activities in the course. We measured self-efficacy regarding 3Dgraphics topics using the three-dimensional modeling self-efficacy scale described by Densenand Kelly [21]. We will refer to this scale as the 3DM-SES in this paper. Agreement on eachitem of the nine items of this survey
overall planning, organizing,and time management. With that desire, we have reason to research if these project managementskills and concepts are being taught effectively enough to prepare students for senior-levelcapstone courses and future careers. Degree programs that do not heavily focus on managementprinciples may impact students' abilities to obtain manager-style roles. Outside the classroom,there are opportunities to obtain this experience, such as through internships and studyingabroad. Data collected stem from a self-efficacy questionnaire administered to 811 students andvoluntarily completed by 361. The survey was issued at the beginning of the semester for ninefall courses through 15 different majors and intended to take approximately
item-difficulty. SD P(i) = standard deviation of item-difficulty. Md P(i) = median of item-difficulty.In result, only one item (V13), with item-difficulty P(13) = .79, is in the desired value-range todifferentiate between participants. The other items are agreed to unilaterally throughout, meaningthat all participants show very high ratings in teaching self-efficacy.4.2.2. Corrected item-total correlationsThe part-whole-corrected item-total correlation r(i,total-i) of an item i indicates how much theitem i measures the same psychological construct as the other items combined (total-i). Valuesbetween 0.4 and 0.7 are preferred [15]. Table 4 gives an overview of item-total correlations ofthe 18 items taking the sub-scales and the aggregate scale
environment in terms of support, organizational climate, incivility, microaggressions, and work-family conflict? 1a. Are there differences across Latino men and Latina women on perceptions of the workplace? 1b. Are there changes in these measures across time? 2. What are their perceptions of their self-efficacy and outcome expectations in domains of engineering tasks, organizational skills, and multiple roles? 2a. Are there differences across Latino men and Latina women on self-efficacy and outcome expectations
) framework to provide undergraduate students with morepractice in tissue characterization. The framework involves structuring a multi-week lab thatintegrates theoretical foundations, bioinstrumentation background, experimental design, and dataanalysis. The goal of the framework is to enhance lab-based learning by providing opportunitiesfor students to incorporate multiple levels of Blooms Taxonomy. By consolidating theseopportunities into a multi-week module, we hypothesized that students would experience morereinforcement and thus self-efficacy with these experimental methods. For this study, we focusedon the development of a TDA module to measure apoptosis in tissue constructs using real-time,reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR
”). We excluded these because they do not appear to be directly measuring factors thatmight lead to the pursuit of STEM in the future. Another group of papers measured contentlearning that occurred during outreach (such as math skills or geophysics concepts). While thismay influence self-efficacy measures and/or better prepare students should they choose to enterSTEM, it is not directly measuring factors that most authors focus on as proxies for change toeducational and career paths. We have not included tests of content knowledge in thedescriptions of the outreach evaluation.Table 3: Examples of commonly referenced constructs in the papers, and our definitions.Construct DefinitionsAttitude What an individual
achievement and engineering interest [33,34]. Self-efficacyfigures prominently in Social-Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) [7] to explain achievement andcareer-related choices. The authors of the theory suggest that contextual factors are particularlyinfluential for underrepresented groups, and have successfully employed the theory to understandengineering interest and goals [35,36,37], adjustment [38], satisfaction [39], and persistence [40] amongcollege engineering students. Other researchers have employed the framework to understandpersistence of ethnic minority women in engineering [41,42].Marra and colleagues [43] developed the Longitudinal Assessment of Engineering Self-Efficacy(LAESE) to measure self-efficacy, feelings of inclusion, and outcome
Appendix A.2.Innovation Self-Efficacy (ISE.5) – This self-efficacy construct involves specific behaviors thatcharacterize innovative people and is designed to measure a students’ confidence in his/herability to innovate. The included items are adapted from Dyer, Gregersen, and Christensen(2008). The original Dyer items were piloted and factor-analyzed as part of the EMS surveydevelopment process. The emergent five factors corresponded to Dyer’s innovative behaviordomains of questioning, observing, experimenting, and idea networking, as well as the relateddomain of associative thinking. These items each have a Likert scale of (0-4), have an acceptableCronbach 𝛼 (.78), and have been averaged to form the ISE.5 construct variable (Schar,Gilmartin