Conference Session

International Educational Experiences (2)

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy L. Freeman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Julio Urbina, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Javier Fernando Del Carpio, Universidad ESAN; Nancy Matos P.E., Esan University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

International

eligible for an EngineeringPathways Fellowship.To retain the Fellowship from year to year, students had to have high academic standards,actively participate in program, and make clear progress towards a degree in engineering.Students were required to maintain a college average GPA of ≥2.7, and complete courses fortheir major consistent with the standard curriculum. Students who failed to meet these criteriawould be given an additional semester of aid on a provisional basis. In these cases, intensivecounseling would be provided. Active participation in program events was critical to generalsuccess of the program. In cases where students did not actively participate in at least 75% ofscheduled activities, they were counseled that they were

Conference Session

Architectural Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheena Nastasia Marston, The Ohio State University; Fabian Hadipriono Tan P.E., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Michael Parke, The Ohio State University; Olga Maria Stavridis, Ohio State University; Lisa Elanna Burris, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

. Figure 16: Relationship between the interior and the exterior In addition, the digital model presents the architectural information about the structure in acomprehensible manner, which is important in engineering education as well as architecture. Theflexibility of this model can also be applicable to other fields of study aside from civilengineering along with other structures and construction methods aside from the Devon House.Digital modeling in this way can thus be used in a variety of educational circumstances in thearchitectural field, and may be a critical process for helping architecture curriculums moveforward. Indeed, this practice is an important part of professional education in architecture andcivil engineering, and bringing

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Judson Singer

.---------------------------------------------------------------------- A mathematician, a physicist, and an engineer were all given a red rubber ball and told to find the volume of the ball. The mathematician carefully measured the diameter and evaluated a triple integral. The physicist filled a beaker with water, put the ball in the water, and measured the total displacement. The engineer looked up the model and serial numbers in his red-rubber-ball table. ________________________________________________________________ During the heat of the space race in the 1960's, NASA decided it needed a ball point pen to write in the zero gravity confines of its space capsules. After considerable research and development, the Astronaut Pen was developed at a cost of $1 million. The pen

Collection

2011 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

John Syers

Teaching Error Correction to Core IT Students via Video Supplementary Instruction MAJ John Syers Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996AbstractThe introduction to programming can be very difficult for students, particularly those who haveno IT background. Understanding and correcting syntax errors is an integral part ofprogramming, yet this topic is often given only perfunctory mention in course curriculums.The goal of this study is to determine whether providing supplementary instruction to students isan effective means of teaching error correction. It also

Conference Session

Student Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nathaniel Blalock, University of Tennessee at Knoxville; Alexis Rae Walsh, University of Tennessee at Knoxville; Daniel Patrick Mountain, University of Tennessee - Knoxville; Sarah Emily Norris; Courtney June Faber, University of Tennessee at Knoxville

Tagged Divisions

Student

corresponding conclusions will be used in some other meetings. It requires incremental implementation design for effectively connecting functional meetings [17]. 3. SCRUM: Scrum is an agile framework that promotes test-first and continuous integration in order to meet customers’ needs efficiently [17], [24]. Scrum framework promotes producing products faster by breaking large development projects into smaller pieces that can be completed in short timeframes. Examples of Scrum meetings include daily standups, sprint planning sessions, and sprint retrospectives [24]. Both XP and SCRUM emphasize continuously communicating with the users or clients in meetings [17], [24]. Students would meet with people affected by

Conference Session

FPD5 -- Placement & Early Success

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Beverly Jaeger, Northeastern University; Susan Freeman, Northeastern University; Richard Whalen, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

engineering design class. Each of the learning modes and activities were describedin a previous paper by the authors along with an assessment of related learning2. This workprovides examples of evaluating individual course components, identifies characteristics of someof the ostensibly successful learning modes, and proposes solutions to components and modespresently not hitting the mark. The hope is that other educators may identify with these learning-engagement patterns in their own courses and find opportunities to make considered adjustmentsin the interests of their course content and their population of learners.IntroductionHaving passed through multiple evaluations and iterations of our first-year engineering coursesat Northeastern University

Collection

2015 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Martin Koch

existing course content. It was a“stuck in the mud”, dry course that did give an insight into the processes but the labs were un-engaging. Probably the worst experiment that we had was one of sand control where a specimenof greensand was weighed in the wet condition, dried with an industrial hair blower and thenweighed in the dry condition producing data to be used to calculate the moisture content of thesample. It was as exciting as watching “paint dry”. Additionally the objects that were castconsisted of the standard old patterns of a large replica on an “Indian Head” coin, etc. Whateverwe had is what you were stuck with. The course was mired in the past and doomed forelimination. In order to survive, it need to morph into something more

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Allison Godwin, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Brianna Benedict McIntyre, Purdue University; Jacqueline Ann Rohde, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Herman Ronald Clements III, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Heather Lee Perkins, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Joana Marques Melo, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Andrea Lidia Castillo, University of California, Irvine

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #33847CAREER: Learning from Students’ Identity Trajectories to ActualizeLatent DiversityDr. Allison Godwin, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE) Allison Godwin, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Engineering Education and Chemical Engineering at Purdue University. Her research focuses what factors influence diverse students to choose engineering and stay in engineering through their careers and how different experiences within the practice and culture of engineering foster or hinder belongingness and identity development. Dr. Godwin graduated from Clem- son University with a B.S. in Chemical Engineering and

Conference Session

Teaching Industrial Engineers Design

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Larry Dunn; Jessica Matson; Kenneth Hunter

to find time to incorporate experiential learning programs as part of teamworkinstruction. This paper describes an experiential team-building program that can be presented ina single fifty-minute class period and applied in classes with large enrollments. A summary ofthe program objectives, activities, and facilitation guidelines is included. The paper also presentsthe results of a study involving over 300 freshmen engineering students on 42 design teams. Thestudy addressed the question: Does the addition of a fifty-minute experiential team-buildingprogram significantly improve course outcomes as defined by student knowledge of teamwork,student attitudes about teamwork, and project quality? Pre- and post-project surveys and projectgrades

Collection

2021 ASEE Pacific Southwest Conference - "Pushing Past Pandemic Pedagogy: Learning from Disruption"

Authors

Ahmed Osman, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Eric Cuellar, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Aimee Tai Chiem, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Christianna Bethel; Benjamin David Lutz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Paper ID #35188Investigating Student Perceptions of Team-based Brainstorming DuringConceptual Design: Challenges and RecommendationsAhmed Osman, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis ObispoMr. Eric Cuellar, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Eric is an undergraduate student researching educational approaches to enhance creativity in engineering design teams. His interests include ideation tasks, idea selection, and metrics for creative capacity.Aimee Tai Chiem, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis ObispoChristianna BethelDr. Benjamin David Lutz, California Polytechnic State University

Conference Session

Advanced Aerospace Student Projects

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Changho Nam, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Scott Danielson, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

22.481.3inexpensive and highly adaptable. These criteria led to the selection of the Paparazzi softwareand the Tiny 2.11 autopilot board, adapted from an off-the-shelf Wi-Fi network board. The Tiny2.11 Autopilot board uses a Philips LPC2148 ARM7 based microcontroller, which is a low-power 32-bit RISC processor. The chip has 512KB on-chip Flash ROM, 40KB RAM and can beclocked at 60MHz. The Tiny 2.11 board also has an integrated LEA-5H GPS receiver with a0.71 in × 0.16 in patch antenna.The Paparazzi Project2 is an open source endeavor created at ENAC, the National Civil AviationUniversity in Toulouse, France. One of the main advantages of the Paparazzi autopilot system isthat it is fully open source, which means that the software has been developed under a

Conference Session

FOCUS ON EXHIBITS: Welcome Reception & NEW THIS YEAR! 2018 Best Division Paper Nominee Poster Session Sponsored by Engineering Unleashed

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexis Papak

Tagged Topics

ASEE Headquarters

assistant professor in physics at the University of Maryland in the Physics Education Research (PER) Group. Turpen’s work involves designing and researching contexts for learn- ing within higher education (for both students and faculty). Her research draws from perspectives in an- thropology, cultural psychology, and the learning sciences. Through in-situ studies of classroom practice and institutional practice, she focuses on the role of culture in science learning and educational change. She pursues projects that have high potential for leveraging equitable change in undergraduate STEM pro- grams and she makes these struggles for change a direct focus of her research efforts. She also serves on several national

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research and Assessment II

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Mary Nelson; Barbara Olds; Monica Geist; Ronald Miller; Ruth Streveler

at Manoa. She also holds aMaster of Science in Zoology from the Ohio State University and a Bachelor of Arts in Biologyfrom Indiana University at Bloomington. She is co-principle investigator of three NSF-sponsored projects: Developing an Outcomes Assessment Instrument for Identifying EngineeringStudent Misconceptions in Thermal and Transport Sciences (DUE - 0127806), Center for theAdvancement of Engineering Education (ESI-0227558), and Rigorous Research in EngineeringEducation: Creating a Community of Practice (DUE-0341127).BARBARA M. OLDS is Professor of Liberal Arts and International Studies at the ColoradoSchool of Mines. She has participated in a number of curriculum innovation projects and hasbeen active in the engineering education

Conference Session

Imagining Others, Defining Self Through Consideration of Ethical and Social Implications

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexis Papak, University of Maryland, College Park; Ayush Gupta, University of Maryland, College Park; Chandra Anne Turpen, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

professor in physics at the University of Maryland in the Physics Education Research (PER) Group. Turpen’s work involves designing and researching contexts for learn- ing within higher education (for both students and faculty). Her research draws from perspectives in an- thropology, cultural psychology, and the learning sciences. Through in-situ studies of classroom practice and institutional practice, she focuses on the role of culture in science learning and educational change. She pursues projects that have high potential for leveraging equitable change in undergraduate STEM pro- grams and she makes these struggles for change a direct focus of her research efforts. She also serves on several national leadership bodies

Collection

2009 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Bruce Dvorak; Dennis Schulte; Mary Garbacz; Shari Aldrich; David Admiraal; Julia Soulakova

relationship (while still being significant)between students’ scores on the BWS test and the writing sample (R2 = 0.11, p<0.001).Interestingly, composite ACT score negatively correlated with the number of English classestaken (R2= 0.18, p=0.007), meaning that students who perform better on the ACT exam aretaking fewer English classes. This is evidence that some students with weaker academicpreparation, especially in Omaha, are already taking additional English classes beyond the onetechnical writing class required by the B.S. Civil Engineering curriculum. In Lincoln, studentswith <19 on the ACT English subscore (though few) must take an additional English class. Thistrend was in spite of the stronger BSEN students taking two writing classes for

Conference Session

Unique Laboratory Experiments & Programs

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Deisenroth

first step in reachinga judgment is a need to fully understand the goals of the traditional engineering laboratory. Oncethese goals are determined, ABET can determine whether a simulated or remote course is anadequate substitution for traditional hands-on experience. In January 2002, ABET held acolloquy to solicit input from a select group of experts to determine a taxonomy of engineeringlaboratory learning objectives. A list of 13 learning objectives was created that participants feltadequately describes the goals of the engineering laboratory. However, the participants of thecolloquy requested that the list be validated and any new issues or challenges related toachieving the objectives be documented. This paper takes an initial step in that

Conference Session

Continuous Improvement & Assessment of ET Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Chin, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

the University of Maryland, College Park. Chin is an active member of ASEE. He has presented numerous papers at annual conferences, FIE, mid-year conferences/meetings, and Southeastern Section meetings. He has had numerous journal articles published including several in the Engineering Design Graphics Journal. He has served as the ASEE’s Engineering Design Graphics Division's annual and mid-year conference/meeting program chair, and he is presently a review board member for several journals including the EDGJ. Chin has been a program chair for the Southeastern Section Meeting and has served as the Engineering Design Graphics Division's Vice-Chair and Chair and as the Instructional Unit's

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

Paper ID #21246Conceptual Power Series Knowledge of STEM MajorsDr. Emre Tokgoz, Quinnipiac University Emre Tokgoz is currently the Director and an Assistant Professor of Industrial Engineering at Quinnipiac University. He completed a Ph.D. in Mathematics and another Ph.D. in Industrial and Systems Engineer- ing at the University of Oklahoma. His pedagogical research interest includes technology and calculus education of STEM majors. He worked on several IRB approved pedagogical studies to observe under- graduate and graduate mathematics and engineering students’ calculus and technology knowledge since 2011. His other

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Two

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Burian, University of Utah; William Johnson, University of Utah; Fred Montague, University of Utah; Arrin Holt, Cooper Roberts Simonsen Associates; Jim Nielson, Cooper Roberts Simonsen Associates; Rachel David, Cooper Roberts Simonsen Associates

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

laborers, working inconcert. Helping future professionals innovate in such an atmosphere is difficult because itrequires a multidisciplinary learning perspective, which challenges the traditional universityparadigm. Toward this end, Professors from Geology and Geophysics, Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering, and Biology at the University of Utah working in collaboration with designprofessionals have developed a new multidisciplinary project-based learning environment forstudents interested in sustainability. The Sustainability Practicum course is described below andthe benefits of involving sustainable design professionals as mentors to student teams and usinglocal, on-going projects are described. Survey and interview responses are used to present

Conference Session

Project Management and Team Issues

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Sandra Furterer; Lesia Crumpton-Young

. P.O. Box 162993 Orlando, FL 32816-2993 furterer@mail.ucf.eduAbstract:The Industrial Engineering and Management Systems Department at the University of CentralFlorida has incorporated service experiential learning opportunities into the curriculum within aTotal Quality Improvement course. This graduate level course teaches the Six Sigma body ofknowledge, including quality management principles and problem solving tools. It provides just-in-time experiential learning opportunities to reinforce the in-class instruction. This paper willprovide examples of Six Sigma tools applied in the project case studies including Voice of theCustomer, Design of Experiments, and

Conference Session

Two-Year College Potpourri

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julia M. Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Indira Chatterjee, University of Nevada, Reno; Anne K Flesher, Truckee Meadows Community College; Ann-Marie Vollstedt, University of Nevada, Reno

Tagged Divisions

Two-Year College Division (TYCD)

change within the departments, involving students, faculty, staff, and industry in rethinking what it means to provide an engineering program [1] As one of the three funding tracks within the RED program, the Two-Year Colleges trackis intended to “develop radically new approaches among multiple two-year institutions to expandthe path to engineering and engineering technology [1]”. Clearly the NSF holds high aspirationsfor community college systems in the US. Addressing the current RED project teams at theirannual RED Consortium Meeting in September 2023, Dr. Jose Zayas-Castro, division director ofthe Engineering and Education Centers (EEC) of NSF, emphasized the importance of two-yearcolleges in providing students with access

Collection

2024 ASEE North East Section

Authors

Daniel Blessner, Pennsylvania State University, Wilkes-Barre Campus

terms is beneficial to these 2students. This is once again the aim of this paper to have under-preparedengineering students obtain a successful outcome in their intended engineeringmajor.IntroductionThe Standard Interval Method (SIM). For comparison purposes only, the SIMmethod will be presented here. The SIM requires locating numbers on a numberline. An example will be given here for a degree 2 polynomial.Solve the given Quadratic Inequality: 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12 < 0First, solve the given quadratic equation: 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12 = 0 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 4) = 0 {−3,4}The numbers -3, and

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL) Technical Session - Effective Teaching 1

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corinna Marie Fleischmann P.E., United States Coast Guard Academy; Hudson V. Jackson P.E., United States Coast Guard Academy; Kassim M. Tarhini P.E., United States Coast Guard Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

professional skills is an integral part of an effective undergraduateABET- accredited engineering program. Engineering programs throughout the country havedeveloped a variety of methods to hone these professional skills and a capstone project experienceis typical. The structure of these courses has evolved to incorporate changes in pedagogy,technology, needs of industry and changes in ABET accreditation requirements. There arenumerous examples in Engineering Education literature of successes in capstone courses includingtips and cases studies of programs running effective capstone projects. For example, Yost and Lane[1] reported the evolution of the civil engineering design capstone experience at a researchuniversity, discussed measures to assess

Conference Session

Innovative Curricula and Outreach

Collection

2003 Annual Conference

Authors

Sara Hise; Jim Clark; Bryant Kiedrowski; Aaron Jennings

begunmarketing “Oxy-alkaline” batteries that are reported to have extended lives in high drainapplications such as digital cameras (PIR, 2003). Oxy-alkaline batteries use an alkaline powerchemistry with a modified cathode formula that substitutes nickel oxy-hydroxide for a portion ofthe manganese dioxide to provide a higher capacity and more voltage under heavy load.However, this blurs the line between “alkaline” batteries that are classified as non-hazardoussolid waste and nickel-metal hydride batteries that generally fall under a more restricted disposalclassification (“universal” waste or household hazardous waste).Recent trends in U.S. consumer battery marketConsumer batteries come in many sizes such as lantern, multi-cell, button, button stack, K

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division (FDD) Technical Session 4

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew L. Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Faculty Development Division (FDD)

, higher-level reasoning, differentiating views ofothers, and teamwork [2], [3]. They are also highly effective with individual studentaccountability [4]. In addition, they have proven to be successful pedagogies within STEMeducation, in particular with regards to achievement, persistence, and attitudes [5].In May 2009, Lawrence Technological University (LTU) embarked on an eight-year facultydevelopment initiative that would modify 75% of the courses in the engineering curriculum toinclude active collaborative learning (ACL) and problem-based learning (PBL). Besidestraditional engineering courses, such as statics and design, the modified courses include those inthe general education core curriculum, such as calculus, history, literature

Conference Session

FPD 3: Research on First-Year Courses

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Reid, Ohio Northern University; Tyler J Hertenstein, Ohio Northern University; Graham Talmadge Fennell, Ohio Northern University; Elizabeth Marie Spingola, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; David Reeping, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

nationwide. These are often designedfrom scratch and tend to be “personal courses” – designed by instructors to cover what they feelis important. Therefore, while they may be prerequisites to second-year courses, first-yearengineering programs are not necessarily integrated into the curriculum. Further, since they areoften designed with little consideration for existing models, overall outcomes and content varywidely. This leads to, first, the issue of course developers “reinventing the wheel” as successfulmodels are not adequately disseminated. The problem is exacerbated by a lack of definition offirst year models: a developer may know what they want in a course, but how do they find acourse with similar outcomes with nothing more than “first-year

Conference Session

Research on Engineering Ethics Education and Practice

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Greg Rulifson P.E., U.S. Agency for International Development; Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

grade just because the engineering schools tend to be smaller and classes are only offered one semester especially if your higher up in the department. So if I would’ve taken a semester off it would mean taking a year off school… the sports medicine said I was getting better and that he thought that taking a leave of absence would be a premature decision….Miranda’s discussion brings in the structural aspects of engineering curriculum and courses thatmade her hesitant to withdraw from the semester after her injury. She goes on to discuss somelevel of continuing challenges in the following term: …moving into the spring semester, I was still a little nervous and I was getting headaches still very frequently. I had an appointment with

Conference Session

Student Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Wei Yao, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University; Chu Zhaowei, ZheJiang University; hu shunshun, zhejiang university; Bifeng Zhang, Zhejiang University

Tagged Divisions

Student

, Okudan G. Integrating systematic creativity into first-year engineering design curriculum[J]. International Journal of Engineering Education, 2006, 22(1):109-115(7).[9] Elvin Shields. Fostering Creativity in the Capstone Engineering Design Experience[A]. American Society for Engineering Education. ASEE Proceedings 2007[C]. IEEE,2007:12.756.1-12.483.10.[10] IlevbareI M, Probert D, Phaal R. A review of TRIZ, and its benefits and challenges in practice[J]. Technovation, 2013,33(2-3):30-37.[11] Chechurin L. Research and Practice on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ)[M]. London, Springer, 2016:2-5.[12] Spreafico C, Russo D. TRIZ Industrial Case Studies: A Critical Survey ☆[J

Collection

2011 North Midwest Section

Authors

Christa James-Byrnes; Mark Holdhusen

potentially all over theworld, team work becomes very challenging.Another integral part of the traditional introductory engineering course is the inclusion of theperspective of outside practicing engineers. This usually takes the form of either a field trip to he ac ici g e gi ee c a b i gi g he e gi ee c a a a i i i g ec e . Freasons stated above, this becomes a challenge in the online environment. Proceedings of the 2011 North Midwest Section ConferenceBeing able to give oral presentations is an i a a ec f a e gi ee ca ee . For thisreason, it is emphasized in the traditional introductory engineering course. Given that studentsare geographically dispersed and courses are generally delivered

Conference Session

Instrumentation Poster Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Robert Angus; Thomas Hulbert

IndustrialEngineer for eight years. He has written numerous papers on educational innovation and has contributed to severaltextbooks. He is the Coordinator for the Professional Engineering Review courses at Northeastern.ROBERT B. ANGUS is a Senior Lecturer at Northeastern University with 55 years of part-time and full-timeteaching experience that includes mathematics, physics, and electrical -engineering courses. He has also been adesign engineer, engineering manager, and senior engineering specialist for more than 20 years. For the past 20years, he has been an engineering consultant specializing in circuit and system design, curriculum development,and technical-manual writing